山东省生态环境质量现状及动态变化研究

以2005年和2009年美国陆地卫星(Landsat TM)影像为基本数据源,利用遥感与GIS技术对山东省生态环境状况进行了监测,并依据《生态环境状况评价技术规范(试行)》(HJT 192-2006),对山东省生态环境质量现状及动态变化趋势进行了评价。结果表明,山东省生态环境质量总体处于一般水平;2005—2009年山东省生态环境质量状况基本稳定,局部地区有所改善。     

Improving the effectiveness of planning EIA (PEIA) in China: Integrating planning and assessment during the preparation of Shenzhen's Master Urban Plan

The enactment and implementation of the 2003 EIA Law in China institutionalised the role of plan environmental impact assessment (PEIA). While the philosophy, methodology and mechanisms of PEIA have gradually permeated through the various levels of government with a positive effect on the process and outcome of urban planning, only a few cities in China have so far carried out PEIA as a Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA)-type procedure. One such case is the southern city of Shenzhen. During the past three decades, Shenzhen has grown from a small town to a large and booming city as China has successfully and rapidly developed its economy by adopting the “reform and open door” policy. In response to the challenges arising from the generally divergent processes of rapid urbanisation, economic transformation and environment protection, Shenzhen has incrementally adopted the SEA concept in developing the city's Master Urban Plan. As such, this paper reviews the effectiveness of PEIA in three ways:

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  as a tool and process for achieving more sustainable and strategic planning;

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  to determine the level of integration of SEA within the planning system; and,

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  its effectiveness vis-à-vis implementation.

The implementation of PEIA within Shenzhen's Master Urban Plan offers important insights into the emergence of innovative practices in undertaking PEIA as well as theoretical contributions to the field, especially in exploring the relationship between PEIA and SEA and highlighting the central role of local governing institutions in SEA development.     

论开展主要环境质量指标浓度考核

针对现行环境质量考核体系中存在问题,选取主要的环境质量考核指标,提出逐步推行浓度值考核设想,并对比分析该考核办法与现行比例考核办法的优劣。     

江苏省环境监测发展战略思考

简述目前环境监测发展的基本形势,回顾了江苏省环境监测发展历程,分析目前江苏省环境监测面临的挑战和压力,提出了江苏环境监测战略目标和战略重点,并对江苏环境监测发展采取的战略措施提出了建议。     

2006—2012年江苏省环境安全综合评估研究

从江苏省环境安全形势出发,借鉴“压力-状态-响应”（PSR）模型的框架思路,构建了环境安全度量的层次指标体系。从环境安全的压力、状态、响应3个方面确定相应的指数及对应的评估指标,通过基于德尔斐法的层次分析法确定权重,计算环境安全综合指数,并建立环境安全等级划分标准。应用建立的环境安全评估体系,对2006-2012年江苏省环境安全进行了评估。结果表明：2006-2012年,全省环境安全综合指数呈明显下降趋势,安全等级由中警状态好转为预警状态,江苏省环境安全形势不断改善。但2012年以来,大气灰霾、酸雨等复合型污染有所加重,环境安全接近中警状态,全省环境安全形势亟需进一步采取措施进行有效保障。     

山东省水质自动监测系统运行管理

结合山东省实际,分析了水质自动监测的运行管理模式。探索了该模式下的质量保证和质量控制措施,包括成立运行管理专门机构,规范监管单位监督管理,严格运维和保障单位管理,强化现场端设备管理。从统一监测数据审核确认和强化自动监测数据应用方面,介绍了山东省水质自动监测数据应用情况,并提出了存在的问题和工作建议。     

提高中长期环境质量报告书编制水平的几点思考

针对中长期环境质量报告书编制中存在的系统性弱、可比性差、震撼力弱等问题,提出了运用系统论方法、改进思维方式、开展实用性研究等解决的途径与方法.     

广东省空气质量等级预报准确性评估

对广东省空气质量等级预报准确性评估进行了探讨,结果表明,在不区分污染等级的情况下,2016年夏季广东各市的预报准确性差异较大,中山预报准确性达92%,是全省唯一一个准确性超过90%的城市,云浮最低,为53%。在区分污染等级时,实测为轻度及以上污染级别的情况下,各市的准确性普遍较低,仅佛山、东莞与广州的准确性达50%以上,而有11个城市的准确性为0。综合考虑不同污染级别的准确性得分后,佛山市排名第1,较不区分污染等级时的排名提前9名。指出,采用区分污染等级的预报效果评估办法更加适合广东空气污染较轻的区域。在首要污染物为臭氧的情况下,广东省平均的等级预报准确性低于首要污染物为其他物种的情况。     

山东省生态环境监测网络建设发展建议

介绍了山东省生态环境监测网络建设状况,“十三五”期间全省基本实现大气、水、土壤、噪声、生态、污染源等全覆盖,“十四五”初期优化调整了地表水、地下水、海洋、土壤等环境质量监测点位,加大了自动监测力度。通过分析当前全省监测网络建设中存在的覆盖不全面、技术不完善、服务不深入等问题,提出了环境质量监测、生态质量监测、污染源监测、应急监测等各要素的发展建议。     

二维水流泥沙模型在采砂吹填作业环评中的应用

应用基于有限体积法及黎曼近似解的二维水流泥沙模型,在无结构网格上对偏微分方程进行有限体积的积分离散,以苏州港太仓港区庵弄村岸线调整工程为例,预测采砂吹填作业产生的悬砂对长江水体的水环境影响。结果表明,采砂产生的悬砂影响范围较大,但集中在江段中间,对水厂取水口有一定影响。若采取静置等措施,可将吹填作业悬砂产生的水环境影响控制在较小的范围之内。二维泥沙模型对采砂吹填作业施工可能引起水体污染的范围和程度的预测为该类项目环境影响评价的审批提供了科学依据。     

山东省省级自然保护区人类活动遥感监测与评价

基于2018年高分系列遥感影像数据,提取山东省省级自然保护区人类土地利用活动信息,探讨人类活动对山东省省级自然保护区的影响。结果表明,自然保护区人类活动总面积占保护区总面积的22.2%,人类活动影响指数介于0~0.01368。不同类型的自然保护区人类活动面积不同,主要影响因子差异明显,森林生态类保护区以农业用地为主,内陆湿地类保护区以养殖场为主。内陆湿地类保护区是受到人类干扰程度最为严重的保护区类型,野生动物类保护区受到人类影响最小。     

Evaluating the use of Social Impact Assessment in the context of agricultural development projects in Iran

The utilisation of Social Impact Assessment (SIA) in Iran is analysed in terms of its policy context and its application in practice. Five case studies where SIA was employed in conjunction with Environmental Impact Assessments (EIA) for agricultural development projects are evaluated. In addition, the performance of the policy context is assessed. This research revealed that there are legal and institutional constraints to the effective functioning of SIA in Iran, and that there are deficiencies in the operating guidelines. There were serious problems associated with the way SIA was undertaken in all five case studies. Recommendations to improve the policy framework for the conduct of SIA are made. The recommendations advocate for a higher profile of SIA within legislation, for social issues to have greater emphasis in official guidelines for the conduct of EIA and SIA, and for a range of measures to increase the professionalism of SIA practice.     

RETRACTED ARTICLE: Environmental Impact Assessment of Industrial Structure Change in a Rural Region of China

As the embodiment of human activities, the change of regional industrial structure is an essential driving factor of global environmental change. Consequently, the research on the change of regional industrial structure and associated effects on the environment is one of the key issues of researches on sustainable development, human–environment relationship, and regional response to global environment change. However, compared to the flourish of researches on environmental impact assessment of industrial departments, few studies have been conducted to assess the environmental impact of regional industrial structure. In this study, based on a synthetic analysis of environmental disturbances of different industrial departments, the environmental impact coefficient of industrial department associated with the index of environmental impact of industrial structure was constructed, so as to make a quantitative assessment of environmental impact of the change of regional industrial structure. And the results of the case study in Lijiang City, a rural region of China, have showed that there are two obvious changes of industrial structure in the study area from 1992 to 2003, associated with a continuous decreasing of the index of environmental impact of industrial structure, which indicated a positive environmental effects of the change of regional industrial structure.     

中国1998年度环境质量状况

对我国１９９８年度的环境空气质量,酸雨,主要流域水质,近岸域海水水质,地下水水位与水质,城市声环境、射环境质量,典型区域生态环境的状况进行了综述了与分析,指出了我国的环境污染问题主要是城市空气污染,地面水体污染和城市噪声污染。     

Strategic Environmental Assessment practices in European small islands: Insights from Azores and Orkney islands

The literature concerning Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) often refers to the importance of context-specific approaches. However, there is a lack of systematised and consistent studies that enhance tailor-made SEA practices and procedures. Small islands are bounded units of study which may help explore SEA theory and practice in special territories. Small islands present particular features and unique values, such as, small size and population, geographic isolation, limited resources and vulnerable ecosystems. Hence, the main goal of this research was to profile SEA practices and procedures in European small islands and provide a background for future research aiming to improve context-specific SEA applications. To achieve this goal, an exploratory case study was developed using Azores (Portugal) and Orkney (Scotland) archipelagos. An analysis of the corresponding mainland was also carried out to contextualise both case studies. The data collection was achieved through a qualitative content analysis of 43 Environmental Reports. The research found that there is not an SEA context-specific approach used within these European small islands, including guidelines, assessment topics, assessment techniques, follow-up and stakeholders engagement. The debate concerning specific approaches to small islands must be re-focused on the enhancement of SEA capacity-building amongst different stakeholders (including decision-makers), on the development and implementation of collaborative approaches, and on the exchange of knowledge and experiences between small islands networks.     

山东省环境监测技术演练实践与探讨

在综合分析山东省开展的环境监测技术演练活动基础上,重点探讨了省站开展全省性的多场所、多领域、多参数技术演练活动的组织及考评内容,特别介绍了演练活动考评的形式、内容、安排、标准及要求,总结了开展演练活动的收获与体会,以及发现的问题。     

江苏省环境质量变化相关性分析

深入考察环境质量变化的情况、分析环境质量变化的规律,需要比较分析环境质量的变化及与经济发展的相关性,才能更准确地把握环境的变化轨迹。对江苏省1996年以来,尤其“十五”期间环境质量变化与经济发展及资源消耗等指标进行比较和相关性分析,对经济投入与环境质量变化之间的相关性也进行了分析。     

山东省O3污染概况及预报效果评估

对山东省各市2018—2021年的O₃污染特征进行了分析,并对2021年5—9月O₃污染较重月份空气质量模型的O₃预报结果进行了分析评估。结果表明:山东省2018—2021年O₃-8 h第90百分位数(O₃-8 h-90per)先升高后降低,O₃污染呈现波动变化,污染月主要集中在5—9月,并呈现内陆高、沿海低,中北部高、南部低的空间分布特征。集合预报模式对O₃模拟效果最好,预测结果与O₃监测值的相关性最大、偏差最小,但较难预测出O₃的峰值浓度,易漏报O₃重度污染。WRF-Chem、CMAQ、CAMx、NAQPMS对O₃的模拟效果比集合预报稍差,CMAQ、CAMx存在系统性偏低的情况,但对优级别的模拟效果明显好于其他模式;WRF-Chem、NAQPMS存在系统性偏高的情况,WRF-Chem能较好地模拟出O₃超标日,对中度、重度日的24h级别准确率分别达94.08%、100%,对O₃超标预报尤其是中至重度污染的预测预报有重要指导意义。     

我国环境统计存在的主要问题及对策

从落实科学发展观角度,密切结合环保部的中心工作——污染减排,从管理和技术层面剖析了目前环境统计工作面临的诸多问题,并针对性地提出了解决问题的对策,以供环境管理参考使用。