喇蛄河水环境污染现状及防治对策

对喇蛄河水环境质量现状及影响喇蛄河水质的主要原因进行了分析,并提出了喇蛄河水污染防治的对策。     

浅谈仪扬河水质现状及改善建议

本文简要介绍了2013~2015年扬州市仪扬河水质现状,提出了对仪扬河水环境质量改善的建议。     

绵远河八角断面水质环境分析及治理措施

绵远河在德阳的经济发展中具有重要作用,八角断面是绵远河功能区的出境断面,本文首次对德阳市绵远河流域八角断面水环境质量现状及未来趋势,分别利用spea珊叽秩相关系数法和灰色系统模型GM（1,1）趋势因子a法进行了分析和评价,得出NH3-N为现实污染因子的结论,并讨论了污染原因,提出了该断面水环境保护要从多方面着手,对落实绵远河出境水质达标工作具有指导意义。     

流域生态需水量的研究——以德阳市绵远河为例

确定最小生态需水量,可实现水资源的可持续利用和流域水生态系统的稳定。以德阳市范围内的绵远河流域为研究区域,针对水闸修建和污染较为严重的特点,利用蒙大拿法和最枯月平均径流法分别计算河道基础生态需水量为9221.13×10~4m~3,5203.44×10~4m~3,进行对比分析选用蒙大拿法计算的结果。河道蒸发量为518.9m~3,针对绵远河上修建5座水闸计算河流渗漏量为2891.03×10~4m~3,并计算河流自净需水量为14016.00×10~4m~3。得出绵远河最小生态需水量为17425.03×10~4m~3。由计算结果可知,稀释污水消耗大量水资源,为了维持水生态健康必须重视污水的处理。     

西宁市河水中COD_Mn与油类的相关性分析

湟水河(西宁段)是我市工业废水和生活污水的主要纳污河。近年来,由于工农业生产的发展及城市人口增长,河水纳污量不断增加。因此,随之而来的河水污染问题日趋严重,已引起人们的普遍关注。通过我站几年来对地面水例行监测及湟水科研课题监测资料的分析,发现以油类为主的污染一直是影响河水环境质量的主要问题。油类进入水体可引起COD、BOD的增加。据报道,1毫克不同类型的石油烃完全氧化需消耗3—4毫克的氧。油类可导致水体严重缺氧,使大量水生动植物死亡,造成水质恶化。因而,分析研究COD与油类的关系,对于防治水污染是有意义的。本文就此问题作初步探讨。     

腾讯微博

平安中原(河南省公安厅官方微博):【荥阳枯河河水如墨村民邀官员游泳】荥阳枯河,曾经是沿岸百姓的美好回忆,如今却漆黑如墨。百姓饱受河水污染之苦,用河水灌溉的庄稼只外卖从来不吃。为此,沿岸百姓呼吁负责的官员下河游泳。荥阳市环保局相关人士称,枯河水黑是因为正在治理,但可以保证     

入河排污口水质监测及其SWOT分析和建议——以广东省某河流为例

评估了广东省某河流上游入河排污口河水的水质,并给出SWOT分析和建议。监测的河流区域长80 km,在8个入河排污口采样点对河流水质进行监测和观察,采用污染指数法（IP）进行水质分析。根据对采样点BOD,COD和DO参数的实地测量,采样点的BOD,COD和DO都有超过地表水环境质量标准Ⅱ类水质标准的。同时,河流断面的IP值结果在4.93～5.0之间,处于轻度污染状态。在水污染防治方面,建议加强污水入河监测,开展水污染源头清查,确定污染负荷承载能力。     

环境质量现状评价实用方法研究

环境质量是衡量环境优劣的标志,环境污染的程度一般以环境质量评价来衡量。那么,环境质量状况如何来评价呢?本文详细介绍了三大类模型方法对环境质量现状进行综合评价。     

宿迁市农村地表水环境质量现状与思考

通过对宿迁市农村地表水环境质量现状进行分析,查找造成宿迁市农村地表水环境质量现状的原因,分析改善宿迁市农村地表水环境质量存在的困难和压力,并结合宿迁市的实际情况提出了改善宿迁市农村地表水环境质量的建议和措施。     

邯郸市产业结构与环境质量相关性研究

文章在2007年对邯郸市产业结构与环境质量现状相关性调查的基础上,分析了邯郸市产业结构与环境质量现状的关系,提出了改善当地环境质量的办法。     

论生态环境保护督察制度的完善

推进生态环境保护督察往纵深方向发展需要完善生态环境保护督察制度。生态环境保护督察制度建设具备政治支持、实践基础和制度铺垫等条件。完善生态环境保护督察制度建设以习近平生态文明思想为根本遵循,坚持党的领导,突出问题导向,充分发扬民主。应当完善生态环境保护督察领导小组及其办公室、生态环境保护督察组、生态环境部及其区域督察局等生态环境保护督察主体制度,明确生态环境保护督察组享有检查权、处置权、请求协助权、交办权、督察情况述评权、问责建议权等。完善生态环境保护督察制度应当对地方党委、政府及有关部门、党政领导干部落实中央生态文明建设的决策部署、执行生态环境保护法律法规、履行生态环境保护职能等开展督察。生态环境保护督察可以采取集中督察、"回头看"督察、专项督察、常态督察等形式。除常态督察外,生态环境保护督察主要包括督察准备、督察进驻和进行、督察意见和整改、督察结束、督察后处理等环节。     

Animal Consciousness and Ethics in Asia and the Pacific

The interactions between humans, animals and the environment have shaped human values and ethics, not only the genes that we are made of. The animal rights movement challenges human beings to reconsider interactions between humans and other animals, and maybe connected to the environmental movement that begs us to recognize the fact that there are symbiotic relationships between humans and all other organisms. The first part of this paper looks at types of bioethics, the implications of autonomy and the value of being alive. Then the level of consciousness of these relationships are explored in survey results from Asia and the Pacific, especially in the 1993 International Bioethics Survey conducted in Australia, Hong Kong, India, Israel, Japan, New Zealand, The Philippines, Russia, Singapore and Thailand. Very few mentioned animal consciousness in the survey, but there were more biocentric comments in Australia and Japan; and more comments with the idea of harmony including humans in Thailand. Comparisons between questions and surveys will also be made, in an attempt to describe what people imagine animal consciousness to be, and whether this relates to human ethics of the relationships. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

底泥的氮、磷释放及其微生物影响的研究

氮和磷在自然界的循环已经引起了人们的关注,一方面因为氮和磷是生态系统中必不可少的营养元素,另一方面过剩的氮和磷会导致水域的富营养化 ,从而使生态平衡遭受破坏.本文综述了水体沉积物中氮和磷受微生物作用进行释放的影响,以及国内外的研究历史和现状.总结了氮磷微生物代谢的特点,并阐述了与传统认识相区别的最新发现和思想.本文试图从理论上说明微生物的氮磷释放机理,通过生物化学和分子动力的角度解释了细菌对氮磷的吸收和释放,即质子动势理论和Pho调控理论.目前,这一领域研究的热点是为了特殊的使用用途对于高效微生物的分离鉴别和组合培养,和对氮磷代谢的影响因素.     

A multivariate statistical analysis of surface water chemistry data--the Ankobra Basin, Ghana

R-mode hierarchical cluster and principal component analysis (PCA) were simultaneously applied to surface water hydrochemical data from three different locations, Ankwaso, Dominase and Prestea, along the Ankobra Basin, Ghana, to extract principal factors corresponding to the different sources of variation in the hydrochemistry, with the objective of defining the main controls on the hydrochemistry at the basin scale. Using the Kaiser criterion, principal components (PC) were extracted from the data and rotated using varimax normalization, for each location. The varimax rotation ensured that variation in the data was maximized for easy interpretation of the results. The analysis reduced 30, 33 and 33 data points, respectively, for Ankwaso, Dominase and Prestea to four, three and four PC representing the sources of variation in the hydrochemistry at the three different locations. Though the PC analysis proved to be more robust at unveiling the sources of variation in the hydrochemistry than the R-mode hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA), the combined use of both techniques resulted in more reliable interpretations of the hydrochemistry. On the basis of these analyses, the hydrochemistry of the basin is controlled largely by the weathering of minerals (silicates, carbonates, gypsum and apatite) from the underlying meta-sediments of the Birimian and Tarkwaian Systems, and the decay of organic matter from the heavily forested regions. Concentrations of the major chemical parameters are within naturally acceptable limits and do not pose threats to the local ecology and humans. There is no strong evidence of high anthropogenic impacts on the major anions and cations used for this research, though there are variations at the different locations studied. The hydrochemistry at Ankwaso is principally controlled by the weathering of silicate minerals, whereas those of Dominase and Prestea are, respectively, influenced by precipitation and domestic wastewaters, and the decay of organic matter.     

Evaluating cumulative effects of disturbance on the hydrologic function of bogs,fens, and mires

Few quantitative studies have been done on the hydrology of fens, bogs, and mires. Consequently predicting the cumulative impacts of disturbances on their hydrologic functions is extremely difficult. For example, few data are available on the role of bogs and fens with respect to flood desynchronization and shoreline anchoring. However, recent studies suggest that very small amounts of groundwater discharge are sufficient to radically modify mire surface-water chemistry, and consequently, vegetation communities and their associated surface-water hydrology. Bogs and fens are, in a sense, hydrobiologic systems, and any evaluation of cumulative impacts will have to (1) consider the complicated and little understood interactions among wetland hydrology, water chemistry, and biota, and (2) place the effect of individual wetland impacts within the context of the cumulative impacts contributed to the watershed from other geomorphic areas and land uses.It is difficult to evaluate the potential cumulative impacts on wetland hydrology because geologic settings of wetlands are often complex and the methods used to measure wetland streamflow, groundwater flow, and evapotranspiration are inexact (Winter 1988). This is especially so for bogs, fens, and mires underlain by thick organic soils. These wetlands, found in the circumboreal areas of North America, Europe, and Asia, are major physiographic features in eastern North America, northern Europe, and Siberia (Kivenen and Pakarinen 1981, Gore 1983, Glaser and Janssens 1986). Their very scale makes it difficult to quantify the hydrologic function accurately. The hydrology of small bogs and fens found elsewhere is just as poorly understood because of conflicting conceptual models of pertinent hydrologic processes.This article (1) reviews our current understanding of the hydrologic function of bogs, fens, and mires at different scales and in different physiographic settings and (2) presents hypotheses on potential cumulative impacts on the hydrologic function that might occur with multiple disturbances.     

我国新时期生态保护修复总体战略与重大任务

生态保护修复是美丽中国建设的重大任务,是加快推进生态文明建设的优先行动,是推动生态产品价值实现的重要基础。近年来,我国生态保护修复取得显著进展,但生态系统本底脆弱、保护修复基础薄弱、管理机制不协调等问题依然突出。在大力推进生态文明建设的新的历史时期,面对百年未有之大变局,我国生态保护修复工作所面临的形势更加严峻,与实现国家生态治理体系和治理能力现代化的要求依然存在较大差距,尚难以满足人民日益增长的优质生态产品需要。本文在总结近年来我国生态保护修复主要进展基础上,分析了未来一段时期生态保护修复面临的问题与挑战,提出新时期生态保护修复应以习近平生态文明思想为统领,以提升生态系统服务功能、协同改善生态环境质量、维护国家生态安全为核心,探索构建生态保护修复与污染防治统筹推进机制,强化监管制度设计、示范样板引领、体制机制创新,加快实现山水林田湖草整体保护、系统修复、综合治理,筑牢美丽中国生态根基。     

Scientific research, stakeholders, and policy: continuing dialogue during research on radionuclides on Amchitka Island, Alaska

It is increasingly clear that a wide range of stakeholders should be included in the problem formulation phase of research aimed at solving environmental problems; indeed the inclusion of stakeholders at this stage has been formalized as an integral part of ecological risk assessment. In this paper, we advocate the additional inclusion of stakeholders in the refinement of research methods and protocols and in the execution of the research, rather than just at the final communication and reporting phase. We use a large study of potential radionuclide levels in marine biota around Amchitka Island as a case study. Amchitka Island, in the Aleutian Island Chain of Alaska, was the site of three underground nuclear tests (1965-1971). The overall objective of the biological component of the study was to collect a range of marine biota for radionuclide analysis that could provide data for assessing current food safety and provide a baseline for developing a plan to monitor human and ecosystem health in perpetuity. Stakeholders, including regulators (State of Alaska), resource trustees (US Fish and Wildlife Service, State of Alaska), representatives of the Aleut and Pribilof Island communities, the Department of Energy (DOE), and others, were essential for plan development. While these stakeholders were included in the initial problem formulation and approved science plan, we also included them in the refinement of protocols, selection of bioindicators, selection of a reference site, choice of methods of collection, and in the execution of the study itself. Meetings with stakeholders resulted in adding (or deleting) bioindicator species and tissues, prioritizing target species, refining sampling methods, and recruiting collection personnel. Some species were added because they were important subsistence foods for the Aleuts, and others were added because they were ecological equivalents to replace species deleted because of low population numbers. Two major refinements that changed the research thrust were (1) the inclusion of Aleut hunters and fishers on the biological expedition itself to ensure that subsistence foods and methods were represented, and (2) the addition of a fisheries biologist on a NOAA research trawler to allow sampling of commercial fishes. Although the original research design called for the collection of biota by Aleut subsistence fishermen, and by a commercial fishing boat, the research was modified with continued stakeholder input to actually include Aleuts and a fisheries biologist on the expeditions to ensure their representation. The inclusion of stakeholders during the development of protocols and the research itself improved the overall quality of the investigation, while making it more relevant to the interested and affected parties. Final responsibility for the design and execution of the research and radionuclide analysis rested with the researchers, but the process of stakeholder inclusion made the research more valuable as a source of credible information and for public policy decisions.     

Restitution of forest property in post-communist Bulgaria

After ten years of post-communist transformation, the current Bulgarian Government has only recently initiated the task of wholesale reform of the communist-era structures extant within the forestry sector. This is an unavoidably complex process, involving the reorganisation of tenure over forest resources (restitution to pre-communist era owners), the privatisation and decentralisation of commercial and related activities in the woods, the redefinition of the role of the State in oversight, management and planning, and the development of a supportive institutional context for the growth of small and medium private enterprise throughout the forestry production process. This paper discusses the legal, institutional, economic and environmental implications of forest restitution. The author argues that the particular Bulgarian solution to the reform of forestry tenure structures, based on a mix of private and public ownership, arises out of the crucible of Bulgarian historical geography and the requirements of contemporary neoliberal models of transition. On the basis of the analysis, a number of important implications for Bulgarian, and indeed all post-communist forestry sectors, are raised for major related processes, such as the development of a robust private forestry sector, the limitation of the role of the State to conservation, management and oversight, and the reconfiguration of timber as a resource for local economic development.     

Rehabilitation and Flood Management Planning in a Steep,Boulder-Bedded Stream

This study demonstrates the integration of rehabilitation and flood management planning in a steep, boulder-bedded stream in a coastal urban catchment on the South Island of New Zealand. The Water of Leith, the primary stream flowing through the city of Dunedin, is used as a case study. The catchment is steep, with a short time of concentration and rapid hydrologic response, and the lower stream reaches are highly channelized with floodplain encroachment, a high potential for debris flows, significant flood risks, and severely degraded aquatic habitat. Because the objectives for rehabilitation and flood management in urban catchments are often conflicting, a number of types of analyses at both the catchment and the reach scales and careful planning with stakeholder consultation were needed for successful rehabilitation efforts. This included modeling and analysis of catchment hydrology, fluvial geomorphologic assessment, analysis of water quality and aquatic ecology, hydraulic modeling and flood risk evaluation, detailed feasibility studies, and preliminary design to optimize multiple rehabilitation and flood management objectives. The study showed that all of these analyses were needed for integrated rehabilitation and flood management and that some incremental improvements in stream ecological health, aesthetics, and public recreational opportunities could be achieved in this challenging environment. These methods should be considered in a range of types of stream rehabilitation projects.