Implementation of ophthalmological tests in periodic eye checkups for VDT workers in Japan

The National Federation of Industrial Health Organizations has offered training courses for medical staff belonging to Occupational Health Organizations to overcome the difficulty of carrying out periodic eye-checkups for VDT workers in Japan since 1991. Through detailed evaluation by participants, the course contents have been improved. Today the participants in the courses number 643, thus contributing to the improved medical examinations for VDT operators.     

Comparing the work values of engineers with managers,production, and clerical workers: A multivariate analysis

Engineers and scientists have been compared in previous research on their work attitudes. Conceivably the interest in comparing these two groups of professionals was a result of the joint work they often do in research and development departments. The present framework suggests that engineers who work in production departments would have work values and attitudes which would be more similar to those of managers. Survey data was collected from 432 employees in two industrial corporations in Israel. Profile analysis showed that the work values of engineers were similar to those of managers and different from those of production and clerical workers. Furthermore, work values were also related to behavioral outcomes such as performance and tardiness. Implications regarding the study of engineering as a profession and the use of work values in organizational research are discussed.     

Work ability in ageing workers suffering from chronic diseases.

The aim of this study was to investigate the work ability in ageing workers suffering from osteoarthritis (OA), coronary heart disease (CHD) or hypertension (H). One hundred and sixty-six OA and 355 CHD/H outpatients were evaluated. The Work Ability Index (WAI) served for work ability assessment. Patients' results were compared with the results of a control group of 225 healthy young workers. Statistical analysis was performed with ANOVA tests. WAI in female and male CHD/H patients was higher than in OA patients (p < .01), better work ability was related to better education (p < .01), white-collar work (p < .01) and better recreation (p < .01); subjective work ability was determined mostly by the objective health status. The promotion of work ability among workers suffering from advanced age-related diseases should be closely related to the promotion of health. It is indicative to improve occupational education and skills, already at an early stage of a disease.     

Work environment risk factors for injuries in wood processing

Problem

The reported injury rate for wood product manufacturing in Maine, 1987-2004, was almost twice the state-wide average for all jobs. Method: A case-control study was conducted in wood processing plants to determine preventable risk factors for injury. A total of 157 cases with injuries reported to workers' compensation and 251 controls were interviewed. Results: In multivariable analyses, variables associated with injury risk were high physical workload, machine-paced work or inability to take a break, lack of training, absence of a lockout/tagout program, low seniority, and male gender. Different subsets of these variables were significant when acute incidents and overexertions were analyzed separately and when all injuries were stratified by industry sub-sector. Impact on industry: Generalizability may be limited somewhat by non-representative participation of workplaces and individuals. Nevertheless, these findings provide evidence that many workplace injuries occurring in wood processing could be prevented by application of ergonomics principles and improved work organization.     

Work and non-work correlates of illness and behaviour in male and female Swedish white collar workers

Four broad classes of dependent variables (psychological strain, physical illness symptoms, health-related behaviour and social participation) were associated with eleven categories of stressors and stress moderators from work and family life, using multiple logistic regression analysis for a random sample of 8700 full-time male and female members of T.C.O., a major Swedish white-collar labour federation (covering 25 per cent of the Swedish labour force). Our goal was to find broad patterns of associations by comparing relative magnitudes of effects for (a) stressors and stress moderators; (b) work and family activities, and (c) males and females. Fifty per cent of the associations between environmental factors and dependent variables were significant in the predicted direction at the 5 per cent level. However, only 5 per cent of the associations are as strong, for example, as average smoking/heart disease associations. Our primary conclusion is that job factors are the next strongest set of predictors of health and behaviour after age. Job factors are stronger than family factors for both men and women; proportionally increasing the explained variance by over 60 per cent versus roughly 20 per cent for family factors (over the 25 per cent of explanation due to demographic factors). The overall pattern of stressor/outcome associations is quite similar for men and women, although both job/outcome and family burden/outcome associations are stronger for women than for men. We failed to find a clear linkage between particular stressors and particular physical illnesses. Among the job factors, control and work load have the strongest associations; with the former predicting behaviour patterns and job satisfaction (along with social support), and the latter predicting mental strain symptoms. Family problems are associated with increased health risks (stronger for men) and family responsibilities and constraints affect health behaviour (stronger for women). Job satisfaction is the most successfully predicted outcome in the study, and is similarly affected for men and women.     

Job characteristics and employee well-being: a test of Warr's Vitamin Model in health care workers using structural equation modelling

Warr's (1987) Vitamin Model was investigated in a representative sample of 1437 Dutch health care workers (i.e. nurses and nurses' aides). According to this model, it was hypothesized that three job characteristics (i.e. job demands, job autonomy, and workplace social support) are curvilinearly related with three key indicators of employee well-being (i.e. job satisfaction, job-related anxiety, and emotional exhaustion). Structural equation modelling (LISREL 8) was employed to test the comprehensive Vitamin Model. The results showed that the fit of the non-linear model is superior to that of the linear model. Except for the relationship between job autonomy and emotional exhaustion, the curvilinear relationships followed the predicted U-shaped or inverted U-shaped curvilinear pattern. Moreover, it appeared that the three job characteristics are differentially related with various indicators of employee well-being. In conclusion, this study partially supports the assertion of the Vitamin Model that non-linear relationships exist between job characteristics and employee well-being. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

气质与VDT持续搜索策略及人因可靠性的关系

为提高视觉搜索作业的人因可靠性,运用试验方法研究了气质与VDT视觉搜索策略及绩效的关系.首先定义视觉搜索策略随机指数(RI)和视觉搜索人因可靠性评价指标,然后运用E-Prime软件设计试验,记录被试的气质类型测评结果、视觉搜索反应时(RT)、正确率(AR)及注视点(FP),最后对试验数据进行统计分析.结果表明:1)气质类型与视觉搜索注视点轨迹的分布特征存在显著相关性,同种气质类型的VDT搜索作业者的RI指数无显著差异,均有与其气质类型相匹配的搜索策略;2)不同气质类型的作业者在VDT视觉搜索过程中RI指数存在显著差异,抑郁质随机性最高,黏液质随机性最低;3)在30 min的视觉搜索过程中,所有气质类型作业者的RT绩效稳定,胆汁质和抑郁质作业者搜索策略保持不变但AR绩效在20 min后呈现下降趋势,多血质和黏液质作业者在20 min以后会调整搜索策略且AR绩效稳定.     

Perceived Discomfort and Electromyographic Activity of the Upper Trapezius While Working at a VDT Station

Ten female participants performed work at a video display terminal (VDT) station over a whole working day. Subjective local muscular fatigue was evaluated by means of the Category Ratio 10 scale. Electromyographic activity of the upper right and left trapezius was measured. A comparison was made between 5 participants who had previous complaints and 5 participants who reported no musculoskeletal problems in the shoulder-neck region. The subjective scores for the shoulder differed significantly between the two groups, being higher for the group with complaints. Both groups showed a decrease in discomfort after the lunch break. The activity of the trapezius increased significantly for both groups, in a more pronounced way for the group with disorders. Although it is found in literature that VDT work is a task with very low static loads, it seems from this study that the EMG activity increase can be an indication of muscle fatigue: More effort was required to accomplish the same VDT task at the end of the day.     

The accumulation of person-environment congruences and well-being

The impact of the additivity of three aspects of person-environment congruence — vocational, avocational and skill utilization — to well-being was assessed by four measures: occupational satisfaction, work satisfaction, somatic complaints and anxiety. Subjects were 74 female teachers. Findings showed: (a) the three congruence aspects were not interrelated; (b) all congruence aspects were correlated with all well-being measures in the expected direction; and (c) combinations of the three congruence aspects had an additive effect: the higher the number of congruence aspects the higher the well-being. The implications of congruence additivity to stress research and to vocational counselling was discussed.     

Work ability of workers in different age groups in a public health institution in Brazil.

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to determine the associations between demographics, work, lifestyle, housework, and the work ability of workers. METHODS: Employees between the ages of 20 and 69 (N = 651), employed at a Brazilian public institution, responded to a questionnaire on demographics, work, lifestyle characteristics, and work ability. RESULTS: Work ability decreased significantly with age among the women. The younger group had higher scores on the work ability index than the older age groups, except for mental resources. The logistic regression analysis showed that higher age, lower education, and long work history at the institution were significantly associated with reduced work ability. CONCLUSIONS: The progressive aging, the low level of education, and the long duration work in the studied institution were related to a reduction in work ability, which increases the risk of work disability or early retirement.     

Work role centrality of industrial workers as related to organizational conditions,task autonomy,managerial orientations and personal characteristics

The study shows that, for a sample of 818 industrial workers, work role centrality (WRC) is positively related to task autonomy and to organizational conditions of sector of ownership, unit-type of production system, and production stability; it is also weakly related to the orientations of production managers concerning the sharing of information, general supervision and granting autonomy. The task autonomy - work role centrality relationship is maintained beyond other organizational conditions, but the effects of managerial orientations are attenuated by task autonomy and by organizational conditions. Situational conditions such as production system and stability, managerial orientations and task autonomy add to the variance of WRC explained by personal attributes of gender, education and job training, and by the outcome of job satisfaction, and a combined model of both types of variables is the most efficient. Generally, work role centrality is found to be a fairly sensitive response to the work situation, but it is suggested that perceptual and attitudinal data be added to the explanatory model.     

体面的劳动就是安全的劳动

我很荣幸能在中国上海安防装备市场国际研讨会开幕仪式上致词,并且衷心地感谢上海市安全生产监督管理局能主办此次重要的活动。国际劳工组织的宗旨是为全人类寻求体面的劳动。体面的劳动是指人们在工作中的原则和权利得到尊重,享有较充分的就业并在有保护的环境中工作,自由表达     

让工人成为安全生产的主人

郑州铁路局襄樊工会让职工代表挂帅唱主角 近年来,郑州铁路局襄樊分局工会采取有力措施,不断提高职工代表在巡视检查中的主人翁地位,扩大职工代表的权力范围.     

国务院安委会关于深刻吸取近期事故教训进一步加强安全生产工作的通知

各省、自治区、直辖市人民政府,新疆生产建设兵团,国务院安委会各成员单位,有关中央企业: 今年以来,全国安全生产形势继续保持稳定好转的发展态势,但近期煤矿、交通等行业领域接连发生多起重大事故.3月18日,云南省保山市隆阳区发生客车翻车事故,造成15人死亡;同日,天津光阳海运有限公司一轮船在渤海山东龙口港海域发生倾覆事故,造成12人死亡、2人失踪;3月29日、4月1日,吉林省通化矿业公司八宝煤矿先后发生两起重大瓦斯爆炸事故,分别造成29人死亡和7人死亡、10人被困,等等,给人民群众生命财产造成重大损失.     

2010年全国安全生产工作的总体要求、奋斗目标和重点工作

认真贯彻落实党的十七大和十七届三中、四中全会精神,以邓小平理论和“三个代表”重要思想为指导,深入贯彻落实科学发展观,全面落实中央经济工作会议和全国安全生产电视电话会议的部署要求,坚持安全发展理念,继续深入开展“安全生产年”活动,以预防为主、加强监管、落实责任为重点,深化安全生产“三项行动”和“三项建设”各项工作措施,有效防范和坚决遏制重特大事故,继续降低事故总量和伤亡人数,进一步促进全国安全生产形势的持续稳定好转。     

国家安全监管总局2012年工作要点

2012年安全生产工作的总体要求是：全面贯彻落实党的十七大和十七届三中、四中、五中、六中全会及中央经济工作会议精神,以邓小平理论和“三个代表”重要思想为指导,深入贯彻落实科学发展观,认真贯彻落实《国务院关于坚持科学发展安全发展促进安全生产形势持续稳定好转的意见》（国发[2011]40号,以下简称《意见》）精神,坚持以人为本,以科学发展、安全发展为总要求,以深入扎实开展“安全生产年”活动为载体,     

国家安全监管总局2007年工作要点

2007年是全面落实科学发展观、加快构建社会主义和谐社会、保持国民经济又好又快持续健康发展的关键一年.也是党和国家安全生产一系列方针政策措施的"落实年",是深化煤矿瓦斯治理、整顿关闭两个攻坚战和重点行业领域安全整治的"攻坚年".     

国家安全监管总局2008年工作要点

2008年是我们按照党的十七大所做出的战略部署,全面贯彻落实科学发展观,在中国特色社会主义道路上阔步前进的一年;也是深入学习贯彻胡锦涛总书记、温家宝总理关于安全生产的重要讲话精神,坚持安全发展.     

国家安全监管总局规划科技司2015年工作要点

2015年,我们将坚决贯彻落实中央十八大,十八届三中、四中全会精神和习近平总书记系列重要讲话精神,紧紧围绕总局党组提出的“明责、建制、修法、架红线;改革、创新、担当、转作风”要求,以贯彻实施新《安全生产法》为主线,努力推动规划科技工作从行政为主向法治为主转变,建立强有力的规划科技支撑保障体系,为防范事故建立安全生产长效机制作出新的贡献.重点是创新5个机制、提升5种能力、抓好19项重点工作: