共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Kevin J. Flynn 《Chemistry and Ecology》2013,29(3):109-116
Despite the fact that coccolithophorids such as Emiliania huxleyi are suspected to play an important role in carbon-cycling, there are few data from which to deduce how these organisms may respond to CO2-induced global warming. the nitrogen and phosphorus nutrient physiology of these organisms, together with its interaction with photosynthesis, needs to be studied especially in connection with the selection for coccolith forming individuals and the quantity and quality of the CaCO3 deposited in the coccoliths. Without such data, it will not be possible to model the contributions that these microalgae may play in arresting the increase in levels of atmospheric CO2. 相似文献
2.
Xiaoqiang Gong Jinbiao Li Scott X. Chang Qian Wu Zhengfeng An Chengpeng Huang Xiangyang Sun Suyan Li Hui Wang 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2022,16(3):39
3.
Yangyan Cheng Ye Shan Yuhuan Xue Yujiao Zhu Xinfeng Wang Likun Xue Yanguang Liu Fangli Qiao Min Zhang 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2022,16(11):139
4.
Hosein Ghaedi Payam Kalhor Ming Zhao Peter T. Clough Edward J. Anthony Paul S. Fennell 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2022,16(7):92
5.
There are two approaches in the application of satellite sensors to marine pollution studies. Satellite sensors are used to observe and characterize ocean pollutants such as industrial wastes and oil. in addition, satellite observations provide information useful in illuminating processes such as eutrophi-cation or air-sea exchange of CO2, that are important in determining the distribution and fate of pollutants.
Satellite technology is an important tool in monitoring and studying ocean pollution. Visible sensors have been used to observe and characterize sewage sludge and industrial wastes dumped at sea. Oil slicks have been observed with Landsat, AVHRR and SAR imagery. Besides directly detecting pollutants, satellite sensors are useful for analyzing ocean processes that are influential in the fate of pollutants. These processes include eutrophication of coastal waters and the distribution of suspended matter. the fate of excess CO2 can be addressed using scatterometer-derived estimates of wind speeds to determine the CO2 exchange coefficient at the sea surface on a global scale. 相似文献
Satellite technology is an important tool in monitoring and studying ocean pollution. Visible sensors have been used to observe and characterize sewage sludge and industrial wastes dumped at sea. Oil slicks have been observed with Landsat, AVHRR and SAR imagery. Besides directly detecting pollutants, satellite sensors are useful for analyzing ocean processes that are influential in the fate of pollutants. These processes include eutrophication of coastal waters and the distribution of suspended matter. the fate of excess CO2 can be addressed using scatterometer-derived estimates of wind speeds to determine the CO2 exchange coefficient at the sea surface on a global scale. 相似文献
6.
Xin TIAN Hidefumi IMURA Miao CHANG Feng SHI Hiroki TANIKAWA 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2011,5(3):445-458
China has large regional disparities in carbon dioxide CO2 emissions with economic development among its 31 provincial mainland regions. This paper investigates these disparities in CO2 emission patterns and identifies the factors underlying the differences. Results show that the 30 study China's mainland provinces (Tibet not included) can be divided into seven groups with three typical CO2 emission patterns. Index decomposition results indicate that changes in economic development, the industrial sector, and technology contribute far more to increased CO2 emissions than do population, energy structure, and other sectors. Close inspection reveals that different industry structures and technology contribute greatly to the differences observed in CO2 emissions between provinces with similar economic output. This study highlights the importance of region-specific industrial structure adjustment policies, especially for regions transitioning to heavy industry and for those still in the primary stages of industrialization. The potential application of a domestic carbon emissions trading system, to encourage regional investment in updated technology, is also discussed. 相似文献
7.
Seasonal changes in river water chemistry and in soil atmospheric CO2 concentrations at two depths and drainage water solute composition at two upland peaty podzol sites in north east Scotland were monitored over 12 months. the CO2 concentrations were controlled by changes in soil temperature and moisture status. Highest CO2 concentrations were observed in late summer 1988 when both soil temperatures and the moisture status of the soils were high. Then maximum CO2 concentrations of 4% (v/v) were recorded for one of the sites. No significant correlations between seasonal changes in soil CO2 concentrations and river water solute composition were observed. Nevertheless the field results and laboratory experiments indicated that in upland areas, where soils with acid surface horizons are common, soil CO2 substantially influences river water chemistry at baseflow, increasing the pH and cation concentration of the soil water draining into the river. the results suggest that transfer of carbon as dissolved CO2 in drainage water is a significant pathway for CO2 transfer to the atmosphere. 相似文献
8.
Jing Xu Jiong Cheng Runtian He Jiaqi Lu Chunling Wang Heng Zhong Fangming Jin 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2023,17(10):127
9.
Haochu Ku Yihe Miao Yaozu Wang Xi Chen Xuancan Zhu Hailong Lu Jia Li Lijun Yu 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2023,17(7):80
10.
CO2浓度升高对半干旱区春小麦光合作用及水分生理生态特性的影响 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
大气CO2浓度升高已成为世界范围内重要环境问题。为了解大气CO2浓度升高对春小麦光合作用及水分生理生态特性的影响,在典型半干旱区定西利用开顶式气室(OTC)试验平台,以春小麦“定西24号”为供试品种,开展了CO2浓度增加模拟试验。试验设对照(390μmol·mol?1)、480μmol·mol?1和570μmol·mol?1等3个CO2浓度(摩尔分数)梯度。结果表明:在对照和增加CO2浓度条件下,春小麦叶片净光合速率和蒸腾速率日变化均呈“双峰型”分布,出现明显的“午休”现象;胞间CO2浓度的日变化表现为斜“V”字型曲线;叶水势日变化呈现反抛物线曲线走向,在中午后出现水势曲线拐点。在不同生育时期内,净光合速率、气孔导度和胞间CO2浓度均表现为开花期最大,乳熟期最小。而蒸腾速率表现为开花期最大,拔节期最小,叶片水平水分利用效率表现为孕穗期最大,乳熟期最小。随着CO2浓度升高,春小麦叶片净光合速率、胞间CO2浓度、水分利用效率和水势提高,气孔导度和蒸腾速率降低。与对照大气CO2浓度相比,在480μmol·mol?1浓度和570μmol·mol?1浓度下,整个生育期净光合速率平均分别提高了14.68%和28.20%,气孔导度平均降低了15.29%和24.83%,胞间CO2浓度平均提高了10.38%和26.15%,蒸腾速率平均减小了6.63%和12.41%,WUE平均增加了22.9%和46.9%。随着CO2浓度升高,蒸腾失水减少,叶片水势不断增加,从而增强了春小麦对干旱胁迫的抵御能力。研究结果为我国半干旱区春小麦对全球气候变化下的敏感性及适应性提供理论参考。 相似文献
11.
Electrochemical conversion of CO2 to hydrocarbons can relieve both environmental and energy stresses. However, electrocatalysts for this reaction usually suffer from a poor product selectivity and a large overpotential. Here we report that tunable catalytic selectivity for hydrocarbon formation could be achieved on Cu nanomaterials with different morphologies. By tuning the electrochemical parameters, either Cu oxide nanowires or nanoneedles were fabricated and then electrochemically reduced to the corresponding Cu nanomaterials. The Cu nanowires preferred the formation of C2H4, while the Cu nanoneedles favored the production of more CH4, rather than C2H4. Our work provides a facile synthetic strategy for preparing Cu-based nanomaterials to achieve selective CO2 reduction. 相似文献
12.
研究混合胺溶液吸收二氧化碳(CO2)的反应机理对低碳环保具有重要意义.本文以碳酸钙(CaCO3)为催化剂,在Eley-Rideal模型下通过Gaussian09软件模拟计算乙醇胺(MEA)+CO2反应机理,,同时计算混合胺溶液体系乙醇胺(MEA)+二乙醇胺(DEA)/2-氨基-2-甲基-1-丙醇(AMP)/N-甲基二乙醇胺(MDEA)吸收CO2中经实验证明的协同效应.本文在CCSD(T)/6-311++G(d,p)水平上计算在两性离子机理下中间步骤的自由能和几何振动频率.模拟结果表明,在固体催化剂CaCO3作用下,反应活化能降低了14.9%,但是自由能没有降低.混合胺盐能量(MEA-DEA-CO2,MEA-AMP-CO2)低于MEA-CO2-MEA能量,差距分别为-18.25%和-14.5%,而MEA-MDEA-CO2体系能量与单一溶液体系差距仅为-5.88%.这表明二级胺,空间位阻胺的协同效应大于三级胺. 相似文献
13.
Giovanni Cagnetta Kunlun Zhang Qiwu Zhang Jun Huang Gang Yu 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2019,13(1):11
14.
Dimensionless Life Histories and Effective Population Size 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
The effective size ( N e ) of a population can be estimated from demographic information. We evaluated a recent model, showing that N e depends strongly on the relationship between age at reproductive maturity ( M ) and average adult lifespan ( A ). N e converges on half the number of potentially reproducing adults ( N/2 ) as M decreases relative to A , but it increases linearly as M increases for a given value of A . Therefore, convergence of N e on N/2 is more likely in organisms with a short sexual maturation period scaled to adult lifespan. To assess the generality of this convergence we asked whether most organisms are characterized by this requisite relationship between M and A . The dimensionless number M/A is approximately invariant within taxa, but it is markedly different across taxa. Previous work focused on birds and mammals, taxa with unusually small M/A (0.4 and 0.75). Other animal taxa take longer than most birds and mammals to reach maturity for a given reproductive lifespan, so they are characterized by larger M/A (e.g., fish, 2.0). In theory, these taxon-specific life histories strongly influence N e . We conclude that N e is expected to approach N/2 , provided that M/A is (unusually) small, and that N e / N among poikilotherms may often exceed that of mammals and especially birds. 相似文献
15.
水位是影响滨海湿地生态系统蓝碳功能的重要因素。气候变化引起的海平面上升以及极端气候事件的频发,可能加快水位的变化,从而改变生态系统碳交换的过程。然而,滨海湿地碳汇功能响应水位变化的机制尚不清楚。为了评估水位对滨海湿地净生态系统CO2交换(NEE)特征的影响,以及验证DNDC(denitrification-decomposition)模型对模拟预测滨海湿地生态系统碳交换的适用性,该研究设计了野外水位控制试验(自然水位,地下20 cm水位、地表10 cm水位),并利用DNDC模型模拟和预测水位变化对滨海湿地NEE的影响。结果表明:(1)不同水位处理之间NEE差异显著,地表10 cm水位处理促进CO2吸收,地下20 cm水位则抑制CO2吸收;(2)经过校准和验证的DNDC模型可以准确模拟水位变化对黄河三角洲湿地NEE的影响,NEE模拟值的日动态与田间观测结果显著相关(R2>0.6);(3)通过改变气候、土壤和田间管理等输入参数对DNDC模型进行灵敏度检验,生态系统碳交换过程对日均温、降雨和水位改变的响应最为显著,其中,水位对NEE的影响主要作用于土壤呼吸(Rs)。未来气候情境下,不同水位变化下的生态系统碳交换过程随年份增长呈现不同的规律,因此未来的模拟研究应关注DNDC中水文模块和植被演替过程的完善。该研究可为预测水文变化情境下滨海湿地碳汇功能的未来发展以及政策制定提供参考。 相似文献
16.
Chung Song Ho Jianfei Peng UnHyok Yun Qijun Zhang Hongjun Mao 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2022,16(9):121
17.
Yapeng Song Hui Gong Jianbing Wang Fengmin Chang Kaijun Wang 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2020,14(4):64
18.
Wenchao Jiang Ping Tang Zhen Liu Huan He Qian Sui Shuguang Lyu 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2020,14(2):18
19.
奶牛粪便翻堆式与槽式堆肥过程气体排放规律及养分损失原位监测 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
为探究奶牛粪便翻堆式与槽式堆肥过程中温室气体和氨气(NH3)排放规律及养分损失情况,采用原位监测的方法,通过静态采气箱和气体在线监测设备,分别对奶牛粪便翻堆式和槽式堆体开展为期36 d的气体监测。结果表明,翻堆式堆肥过程中甲烷(CH4)、氧化亚氮(N2O)和NH3排放主要集中于翻堆阶段;槽式堆肥过程中CH4和NH3排放主要集中于堆肥前期,N2O排放则主要集中于堆肥中后期。堆体管理措施及物料特性显著影响堆肥气体的排放。翻堆式堆肥过程中翻堆对气体排放的影响大于堆肥理化因子如温度、含水率以及pH值;而槽式堆肥过程中,降低堆体的平均温度可同时减缓堆肥过程中CH4、二氧化碳(CO2)和NH3的释放。从养分损失来看,翻堆式和槽式堆肥过程中碳素总损失量分别占堆肥物料初始总碳含量(TC)的27.16%和21.53%,其中约80%以上的碳素损失来自CO2-C。而堆肥过程中氮素总损失量分别占堆肥物料初始总氮含量(TN)的18.67%和13.44%,其中约80%以上的氮素损失来源于NH3N。该研究表明,在保证堆体物料腐熟的前提下,降低翻堆频率可显著减缓翻堆式堆肥过程中温室气体和NH3的排放;降低槽式堆肥堆体的温度可显著减少堆肥过程中CH4、CO2和NH3的排放。该研究结果对于减少堆肥过程气态污染物排放和养分损失,提高堆肥效率具有重要的指导意义。 相似文献
20.
Ana PICADO Susana M. PAIXÃ O Liliana MOITA Luis SILVA Má rio S. DINIZ Joana LOURENÇ O Isabel PERES Luisa CASTRO José Brito CORREIA Joana PEREIRA Isabel FERREIRA Antó nio Pedro Alves MATOS Pedro BARQUINHA Elsa MENDONCA 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2015,9(5):793
The new properties of engineered nanoparticles drive the need for new knowledge on the safety, fate, behavior and biologic effects of these particles on organisms and ecosystems. Titanium dioxide nanoparticles have been used extensively for a wide range of applications, e.g, self-cleaning surface coatings, solar cells, water treatment agents, topical sunscreens. Within this scenario increased environmental exposure can be expected but data on the ecotoxicological evaluation of nanoparticles are still scarce. The main purpose of this work was the evaluation of effects of TiO2 nanoparticles in several organisms, covering different trophic levels, using a battery of aquatic assays. Using fish as a vertebrate model organism tissue histological and ultrastructural observations and the stress enzyme activity were also studied. TiO2 nanoparticles (Aeroxide® P25), two phase composition of anatase (65%) and rutile (35%) with an average particle size value of 27.6±11 nm were used. Results on the EC50 for the tested aquatic organisms showed toxicity for the bacteria, the algae and the crustacean, being the algae the most sensitive tested organism. The aquatic plant Lemna minor showed no effect on growth. The fish Carassius auratus showed no effect on a 21 day survival test, though at a biochemical level the cytosolic Glutathione-S-Transferase total activity, in intestines, showed a general significant decrease (p<0.05) after 14 days of exposure for all tested concentrations. The presence of TiO2 nanoparticles aggregates were observed in the intestine lumen but their internalization by intestine cells could not be confirmed. 相似文献