微波萃取技术在分析土壤中有机污染物的应用

介绍了微波萃取技术及其使用的试剂、设备和条件,对微波萃取在分析土壤中有机污染物的应用予以综述,阐述了微波萃取技术是分析土壤中有机污染物的好方法。     

微波技术在废水处理中的应用

文章简述了微波直接辐射和微波再生技术在废水处理中的应用.指出了微波技术在废水处理中存在的问题,并对其发展前景进行了展望.     

微波辅助溶样方法中的问题与对策

较详细地评述了微波辅助溶样技术在实际应用中存在的挥发物渗透损失、记忆效应、残留物现象及安全操作等问题，以及实际操作对策，以期对分析人员在建立与使用微波制样方法时有所裨益。     

微波辅助萃取技术及其在环境分析中的应用

微波辅助萃取技术是近年来发展较快的一种新型萃取方法,与传统的提取方式相比,具有省时、节能、简易、高效等优点.文章介绍了微波辅助萃取技术的特点和影响因素,综述了近年来其在环境分析中的应用情况.     

微波辅助溶样技术及其在环境监测中的应用

微波辅助制样技术是一种快速、低空白、二次污染少、节约能源并降低分析人员劳动强度的样品处理方法。对该技术的原理、特点和操作方法做了简要介绍，并对近年来该技术在生物、空气和废水、土壤和沉积物、固体废弃物等环境样品制备中的应用做了较详细的介绍和评述。     

微波消解法测定有机磷农药废水中的总磷

应用微波消解技术进行了农药废水测定总磷的研究，考察微波消解方法的消解时间、功率对消解的影响，并将该方法与GB11893—1989《钼酸铵分光光度法》中规定的消解方法进行比较．实验证明，微波消解法操作简便，测定结果准确可靠．     

痕量有机氯化合物分析中的样品预处理方法

近些年来，痕量有机氯化合物分析中，各种样品预处理技术得到了迅速发展，文章介绍了一些样品预处理方法的原理和最新进展，阐述了索氏提取，超临界流体萃取，微波萃取，固相萃取等几种富集方法的原理，特点，性能及应用，论述了吸附柱层析法，凝胶渗透色谱，高效液相色谱等样品净化技术的特点和应用。     

美国科学家发明微波分解样品新技术

美国国家标准局的科学家宣称,供分析痕量元素的微波分解样品的新方法经试验已获得成功,烘箱样的微波加热装置逐渐取代了传统的热板(hot.pIate)方法。美国国家标准局的医学博士Gaithersburg说,微波技术比传统的热板方法更快捷,安全且没有污染。据称,采用微波技术在十分钟内就可将样品分解完,而用热板方法却需要四小时～四天的时间。然而科学家们指出,微波分解样品的新技术尚有不足之处,还要进一步研究加以完善。美国科学家发明微波分解样品新技术@陶甄~~     

应用微波分解废气

应用微波分解废气最近，美国能源部阿贡国家实验室测试通过了一项新技术，即利用微波分解天然气和炼油工业中的废气。利用此技术可以将天然气中的杂质和炼油厂产生的废气──硫化氢气体分裂成硫和氢气。其中，硫可以回收出售，氢气可作为燃料或者回收到炼油厂。在天然气进...     

萃取技术在环境样品预处理中的应用及发展

对萃取技术包括传统技术以及新近发展起来的如固相萃取、固相微萃取、膜萃取、超临界流体萃取、微波萃取等技术在环境样品预处理方面的运用进行综述,分析各自的优缺点以及发展前景.     

Conventional, microwave, and ultrasound sequential extractions for the fractionation of metals in sediments within the Petrochemical Industry, Serbia

In this paper, the main objective was fractionation of Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn, Ca, Fe, and K in certificate material and sediment samples gathered from and around the Petrochemical Industry using the conventional, microwave and ultrasonic sequential extraction. Microwave oven and ultrasound bath were used as an energy source for achieving faster extraction. Additional heating and boiling of samples were avoided by using lower power and shorter time for microwave and ultrasound extraction. Precision and accuracy of procedure were evaluated by using certificate material (BCR701). Acceptable accuracy of metals (87.0–111.3 %) was achieved for all three-step sequential of conventional extraction protocol. An accuracy of the fourth step has been verified with two certificate materials: BCR143R and 146R. The range of total extracted metal concentrations from sediments was similar for all three extraction techniques. A significant high percentage of Cd, Cu, and Zn were obtained after extraction of the exchangeable and acid soluble sediment fraction. Principal component analysis of values obtained after determination of risk assessment code using conventional and ultrasound sequential extraction show similarity of these values. Accuracy, recovery, and risk assessment code values imply that ultrasound sequential extraction is a more suitable, accelerated sequential extraction procedure (30 min per extraction step) than microwave extraction in applied conditions.     

Methodologies for determination of antimony in terrestrial environmental samples

Methodologies for the environmental analysis of total antimony and aqueous chemical speciation are critically reviewed, including preparation techniques for aqueous and solid matrices and the determination of solid state partitioning and recommendations are given for future research directions. Concentrations of total antimony commonly present in aqueous and solid environmental samples are readily determined using present day analytical techniques. This has resulted primarily from technological advances in microwave digestion for solid matrices and the development of plasma based analyte detection systems. ICP-AES and ICP-MS techniques are both utilised for the environmental analysis of total antimony concentrations. However, ICP-MS is increasingly favoured as a result of reduced spectral interferences and the potential for analyte detection in the pg mL(-1) range. Determination of aqueous antimony speciation presents a number of complex analytical challenges and highly selective separation and identification techniques are required prior to detection. The majority of published techniques including common applications of hydride generation are insufficiently selective for the determination of intrinsic chemical speciation and often only oxidation state data are obtained. The recent in-line applications of HPLC-ICP-MS offer the potential for highly selective separations of aqueous antimony species and determination of detailed chemical speciation data. However, considerable development work is required to optimise chromatographic separations and identify uncharacterised species resident in environmental systems. Analytical techniques to aid the determination of antimony's associations with solid environmental matrices include the application of chemical extraction procedures and leaching experiments. To date, this area of analytical research has received little attention and further studies are required to elucidate this aspect of antimony's environmental chemistry.     

微波提取高效液相色谱法测定土壤中15种痕量多环芳烃

采用微波提取结合高效液相色谱技术测定了土壤中15种PAHs的含量.比较了用微波提取、索氏提取和超声萃取3种土壤样品的前处理方法对多环芳烃测定的影响,考察了色谱柱的性能、梯度洗脱条件的优化、荧光检潮波长程序变换及柱温等因素对15种PAHs组分之同分离的影响.经优化后的HPLC方法对15种PAHs的最低检测限为0.10～0.80 μg/kg,相对标准偏差为0.60%～4.60%,方法的回收率为58.1%～97.8%.实验结果表明,该方法兵有高效、快速、灵敏等特点,可以用于环境土壤样品中痕量PAHs的检测.     

电视台卫星地面站电磁辐射对城市其它微波站的干扰分析

通过理论分析计算 ,掌握电视台卫星地面站电磁辐射对城市其它微波站的干扰情况 ,为此类电磁辐射源环境影响管理提供参考性意见     

气相色谱-串联质谱法测定土壤中十氯酮

研究了提取溶剂效率、净化方式等因素对十氯酮测定的影响,对比了加速溶剂提取、微波萃取及超声波等提取方式,考察了不同电子轰击能量、碰撞能量下特征离子对的响应。建立了加速溶剂萃取,H2SO4净化分离,气相色谱法-三重四极杆质谱法测定土壤中十氯酮的分析方法。取5.0 g土壤干样,内标法定量,线性相关系数为0.999 7,加标回收率为91.7%~121%,相对标准偏差为3.4%(n=6),检出限为0.1 ng/kg。     

微波消解电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定土壤中稀土金属元素

建立了一种电感耦合等离子体质谱测定土壤中微量稀土金属的方法.分析了土壤标准样品中的微量稀土元素,结果与标准值一致.土壤实际样品分析也得到可靠结果.该方法样品采用微波溶样,灵敏度高,是一种比较可靠的微量稀土元素分析新方法.     

公园地表土中多环芳烃的分离提取及含量分析

比较加压液体萃取法、超声波辅助萃取技术和微波辅助提取技术对公园地表土中多环芳烃的提取效率,并对目标化学成分进行分析鉴定。以超高效液相色谱-三重四极杆质谱作为分析方法,共分离检测出16种多环芳烃类化合物,分别为萘、苊、苊烯、氟、菲、蒽、荧蒽、芘、苯并[a]蒽、艹屈、苯并[b]荧蒽、苯并[k]荧蒽、苯并[a]芘、二苯并[a,h]蒽、茚并[1,2,3-cd]芘和苯并[ghi]苝。结果表明:加压液体萃取法、超声波辅助萃取技术和微波辅助提取技术均可以有效提取公园地表土中多环芳烃类成分。超高效液相色谱-质谱联用技术可以有效地分析公园地表土中多环芳烃类成分。     

微波消解—石墨炉原子吸收法测定农产品中痕量铅空白值的降低方法探讨

对于铅含量痕量级的水果、蔬菜等农产品,微波消解-石墨炉原子吸收法分析时称样量受到限制,其样品消解液中待测元素的总量很小,常出现空白值大于样品值的情况.本文就造成空白值高的原因及处理方法逐一进行了分析研究.     

微波消解—火焰原子吸收法测定废气中铅的方法研究

分别使用微波消解方法和传统的酸煮法对含铅滤筒进行前处理,采用火焰原子吸收法测定废气中的铅.结果表明,微波消解法具有消耗试剂少、效率高、速度快、结果准确等特点.