SBR短程脱氮系统中亚硝酸盐积累对生物除磷的影响

采用SBR工艺处理实际生活污水,通过控制好氧段的DO浓度及曝气时间,实现了短程硝化反硝化,并考察了短程硝化引起的亚硝酸盐积累对生物除磷系统的影响.结果表明,在没有补充外碳源的情况下,好氧阶段NO2--N的积累低于10 mg·L-1时,聚磷菌的吸磷及放磷能力没有受到影响,好氧出水磷浓度基本维持在1 mg·L-1以下;当N...     

多种进水碳源条件下侧流活性污泥工艺的脱氮除磷机制

为提高污水氮磷营养盐的去除能力和稳定性,侧流活性污泥工艺开始被应用于世界多地的污水处理项目.污水有机碳的水解代谢行为影响侧流工艺的营养盐去除机制,但目前的研究多侧重简单碳源物质.本文采用多种碳源种类(简单碳源乙酸钠,大分子碳源葡萄糖、淀粉、蛋白胨、豆油及其组合)模拟实际污水有机碳组成,以探索更复杂碳源在侧流工艺(主流一...     

Influence of phenol on ammonia removal in an intermittent aeration bioreactor treating biologically pretreated coal gasification wastewater

A laboratory-scale intermittent aeration bioreactor was investigated to treat biologically pretreated coal gasification wastewater that was mainly composed of NH_3-N and phenol.The results showed that increasing phenol loading had an adverse effect on NH_3-N removal;the concentration in effluent at phenol loading of 40 mg phenol/(L·day) was 7.3 mg/L, 36.3%of that at 200 mg phenol/(L·day). The enzyme ammonia monooxygenase showed more sensitivity than hydroxylamine oxidoreductase to the inhibitory effect of phenol, with32.2% and 10.5% activity inhibition, respectively at 200 mg phenol/(L·day). Owing to intermittent aeration conditions, nitritation-type nitrification and simultaneous nitrification and denitrification(SND) were observed, giving a maximum SND efficiency of 30.5%.Additionally, ammonia oxidizing bacteria(AOB) and denitrifying bacteria were the main group identified by fluorescent in situ hybridization. However, their relative abundance represented opposite variations as phenol loading increased, ranging from 30.1% to 17.5%and 7.6% to 18.2% for AOB and denitrifying bacteria, respectively.     

磁性活性炭强化SBR脱氮除磷及微生物种群分析

为了提高传统活性污泥法脱氮除磷效率,改善污泥易膨胀等问题,在序批式活性污泥反应器（SBR）中,投加140目1.00g/L的磁性活性炭构建磁性炭基活性污泥系统（1^#）,同时,以不投加任何材料（单独活性污泥系统）为对照组（0^#）,研究磁性活性炭对活性污泥系统除污性能和主要微生物种群结构组成的影响,探讨了磁性活性炭强化活性污泥系统脱氮除磷机理.结果表明：1^#对TN和TP的平均去除率分别为68.59%和78.25%;而0^#对于TN和TP的平均去除率则为53.17%与54.10%,1^#出水NO₃^--N浓度平均降低了7.03mg/L,两系统对NH₄⁺-N和COD的去除效率差别不大,均在95.00%以上.典型周期内1^#中TN、NH₄⁺-N、TP、COD的下降速率快于0^#;0^#同步硝化反硝化效率为60.31%,反硝化速率为4.44mg/（L·h）,1^#同步硝化反硝化效率为80.74%,反硝化速率为6.13mg/（L·h）,实验组1^#脱氮速率明显快于空白对照组0^#.高通量测序结果表明,1^#内污泥的优势菌门为Saccharibacteria（38.74%）、Proteobacteria（22.52%）、Actinobacteria（18.54%）和Chloroflexi（8.40%）.此外,与0^#相比,1^#引发污泥膨胀密切相关的Actinobacteria菌门的微生物相对丰度显著下降;与脱氮除磷功能相关的Micropruina、Shinella、norank_f_Anaerolineaceae和norank_f_Xanthomonadaceae 4种菌属的相对丰度都明显上升.SBR系统中加载一定量的磁性活性炭既能抑制引起污泥膨胀微生物的生长,又能利于脱氮除磷微生物的富集,整个污泥系统表现出良好的稳定性和脱氮除磷性能.     

An advanced anaerobic biofilter with effluent recirculation for phenol removal and methane production in treatment of coal gasification wastewater

An advanced anaerobic biofilter (AF) was introduced for the treatment of coal gasification wastewater (CGW), and effluent recirculation was adopted to enhance phenol removal and methane production. The results indicated that AF was reliable in treating diluted CGW, while its efficiency and stability were seriously reduced when directly treating raw CGW. However, its performance could be greatly enhanced by effluent recirculation. Under optimal effluent recirculation of 0.5 to the influent, concentrations of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and total phenol in the effluent could reach as low as 234.0 and 14.2 mg/L, respectively. Also, the rate of methane production reached 169.0 mL CH₄/L/day. Though CGW seemed to restrain the growth of anaerobic microorganisms, especially methanogens, the inhibition was temporary and reversible, and anaerobic bacteria presented strong tolerance. The activities of methanogens cultivated in CGW could quickly recover on feeding with glucose wastewater (GW). However, the adaptability of anaerobic bacteria to the CGW was very poor and the activity of methanogens could not be improved by long-term domestication. By analysis using the Haldane model, it was further confirmed that high effluent recirculation could result in high activity for hydrolytic bacteria and substrate affinity for toxic matters, but only suitable effluent recirculation could result in high methanogenic activity.     

缺氧生物吸附活性污泥法生物脱氮工艺中试研究

结合生物作用机理,提出缺氧生物吸附活性污泥法生物脱氮（ABSAS工艺）工艺,在小试的基础上,进行了中试研究。结果表明,通过强化缺氧吸附作用可提高反硝化作用速率,在仅有污泥回流而无硝化混合液回流的前提下,TN去除仍可达60％～80％。在冬季（8～13℃）进水NH^＋₄－N60mg/L左右、HRT10小时时,NH^＋₄－N去除率达88％以上,出水小于15mg/L。此工艺具有很好的工业应用前景,可在设备投资增加不大的情况下,实现将传统活性污泥法工艺改造为具有生物脱氮功能的工艺     

Intercross real-time control strategy in alternating activated sludge process for short-cut biological nitrogen removal treating domestic wastewater

To develop technically feasible and economically favorable dynamic process control(DPC)strategies for an alternating activated sludge(AAS)system,a bench-scale continuous-flow alternating aerobic and anoxic reactor,performing short-cut nitrogen removal from real domestic wastewater was operated under different control strategies for more than five months.A fixed-time control(FTC) study showed that bending-points on pH and oxidation-reduction potential(ORP)profiles accurately coincided with the major biolo...     

猪场废水脱氮与沼气脱硫耦联反应器的启动

采用鼓泡反应器研究猪场废水脱氮与沼气脱硫耦联反应器的启动,比较了启动过程中不接种污泥、接种厌氧污泥及接种好氧污泥对启动时间及效能的影响.结果表明,接种好氧污泥的反应器在第32d时氮硫同步去除率达到60%以上;不接种污泥的反应器氮硫同步去除率达到60%需要36d;而接种厌氧污泥的反应器则需要50d.成功启动后,在温度为30～32℃、空塔停留时间为9.75min、水力停留时间为4.78d、沼气中H2S浓度为1.70 8·m-3左右及进水NOx-N浓度为109 mg·L-1的条件下,不接种污泥反应器,接种厌氧污泥反应器和接种好氧污泥反应器的NOx-N去除率分别97%、91%、99%,硫化氢的去除率分别稳定在82%、78%和86%左右.接种好氧污泥的反应器硫化氢去除率最高可达92.3%.运行稳定后,3个反应器均可实现按相对固定的比例同时去除硫和氮,废水脱氮与沼气脱硫得到了很好耦联,在1个反应器中可以同时实现废水脱氮与沼气脱硫.     

味精废水厌氧氨氧化生物脱氮的研究

采用厌氧氨氧化工艺(ANAMMOX)处理味精废水,结果显示,总氮容积去除负荷可达457 mg·L-1·d-1,高于传统硝化-反硝化工艺,可成为传统硝化-反硝化工艺的替代技术.厌氧氨氧化菌对NO2--N的耐受范围为96.5～129 mg·L-1.受基质NO2--N抑制后,厌氧氨氧化反应器难以自行恢复,将基质浓度稀释到临界浓度以下则可恢复效能.反应器对进水cNO2-N/cNH4 -N比值有一定的适应能力.在所试的进水cNO2--N/cNH4 -N比值(1.0～1.4)范围内,出水基质浓度基本保持不变.     

活性炭处理皂素废水及其再生的实验研究

采用活性炭对皂素废水进行吸附处理,研究了活性炭投加量、吸附时间及吸附次数对皂素废水色度去除率的影响.同时,研究了在微波辐照条件下,微波功率和辐照时间对吸附皂素废水后的活性炭脱附的影响.结果表明,当活性炭投加量为0.13g·mL-1时,吸附12h后皂素废水的色度去除率为96.17%.此条件下活性炭可以重复吸附皂素废水3次(按照色度去除率70%为限).当微波功率为500W、辐照时间为30min时,活性炭可被有效地再生,活性炭的再生率可达79.75%.     

High nitrogen removal from wastewater with several new aerobic bacteria isolated from diverse ecosystems

Introduction The presence of nitrogenous substance has attracted attention because of the role of nitrogen in eutrophication of receiving waters. Denitrification is the ability of bacteria to use nitrogen oxides (NO3- and NO2-) as electron acceptors produ…     

PCR-DGGE技术分析倒置A~2/O工艺处理染织废水中的微生物区系

基于16S rDNA的PCR-DGGE(polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis)技术研究了倒置A2/O(anoxic-anaerobic-aerobic)工艺处理染织废水过程中的微生物群落结构.从兼氧、厌氧和好氧区共取6个不同处理阶段的样品,测量了不同处理阶段样品的COD、pH、NH4+-N、H2S、总磷(TP)、污泥含量(TS)、色度及其脱除率,并分析了这些指标的变化规律.结果显示,COD在处理后期降到了145mg·L-1,NH4+-N的脱除率可达到85%,硫化氢的去除率达到了90%以上,磷的脱除率可达80%以上,TS处于逐渐升高的趋势,色度的脱除率达到65%.DGGE图谱显示,好氧处理阶段的微生物多样性明显比兼氧处理和厌氧处理的阶段的要丰富.     

温度对好氧颗粒污泥处理纤维素乙醇废水脱氮效能的影响

采用SBR反应器,考察了温度对好氧颗粒污泥处理纤维素乙醇废水脱氮性能的影响.研究结果表明,当进水为纤维素乙醇废水原水时,稳定阶段不同温度(10、20、30℃)条件下体系对COD的去除率分别为10.2%、12.7%、13.7%;总无机氮的去除率分别为42.8%、53.6%、70.5%,温度的升高明显地提高了硝化菌的活性和生长速率,进而促进了脱氮效果.当进水为纤维素乙醇废水经IC工艺处理后的厌氧出水时,3个温度条件下系统对废水中有机物的去除效果无较大差异,去除率均低于15%,主要因为纤维素乙醇废水的厌氧处理出水中的有机物很难被微生物利用;而温度对脱氮效果影响较大,30℃下NH_4~+-N去除率达到60.9%,分别是10℃和20℃时的2.0和1.3倍,并且,随着温度的升高总无机氮的去除率增强,NO_3~--N的去除量增加.由于体系COD去除率低说明反硝化可利用的碳源不足,因此,系统内可能存在内碳源反硝化作用,而且内碳源反硝化作用也随着温度的升高而增强.通过氮平衡计算可知,3个温度条件下氮损失分别为37.6%、45.0%、53.6%,说明温度的升高不仅提高了硝化菌活性,还促进了内碳源反硝化,进而提高了对氮素的去除.     

蚀刻液废水厌氧氨氧化脱氮性能研究

采用上流式生物膜反应器接种厌氧氨氧化污泥,研究了印制电路板行业蚀刻液废水厌氧氨氧化脱氮可行性.结果表明,蚀刻液废水作为NH4+-N源时,其所携带的物质对厌氧氨氧化污泥活性具有毒性作用.当蚀刻液废水稀释到NH4+-N浓度150mg/L进入反应器14d后,厌氧氨氧化氮去除速率从3.2kg/(m3·d)下降到1.2kg/(m3·d).但是通过驯化培养可以很好地缓解蚀刻液对厌氧氨氧化污泥的毒性影响.经过110d的驯化,蚀刻液废水稀释到NH4+-N浓度300mg/L进入反应器后并未出现明显的抑制现象.厌氧氨氧化氮去除速率从1.6kg/(m3·d)上升到6.0kg/(m3·d).说明通过驯化培养后,厌氧氨氧化工艺能够很好的运用到PCB行业高NH4+-N废水的处理.     

Mechanisms of granular activated carbon anaerobic fluidized-bed process for treating phenols wastewater

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Hydrogen generation from polyvinyl alcohol-contaminated wastewater by a process of supercritical water gasification

Gasification of polyvinyl alcohol(PVA)-contaminated wastewater in supercritical water(SCW)was investigated in a continuous flow reactor at 723-873 K,20-36 MPa and residence time of 20-60 s.The gas and liquid products were analyzed by GC/TCD,and TOC analyzer.The main gas products were H_2,CH_4,CO and CO_2.Pressure change had no significant influence on gasification efficiency. Higher temperature and longer residence time enhanced gasification efficiency,and lower temperature favored the production of H_2. The effects of KOH catalyst on gas product composition were studied,and gasification efficiency were analyzed.The TOC removal efficiency(R_(TOC)),carbon gasification ratio(R_(CG))and hydrogen gasification ratio(R_(HG))were up to 96.00%,95.92% and 126.40% at 873 K and 60 s,respectively,which suggests PVA can be completely gasified in SCW.The results indicate supercritical water gasification for hydrogen generation is a promising process for the treatment of PVA wastewater.     

生物活性炭法处理ABS树脂生产废水

采用负载经驯化后微生物的活性炭与未负载微生物的空白活性炭处理ABS凝聚干燥工段废水,研究生物活性炭系统中存在的生物再生作用.结果表明,生物活性炭能够高效分解转化ABS废水中的有机腈类及芳香类污染物,其处理出水的COD、TOC及Org-N的去除率均达到80%以上,并且废水中的有机氮主要分解转化为NH3-N,其NH3-N转化率高达65%.生物活性炭表面繁殖了大量的长杆菌、钟形虫及少量的球菌,活性炭能够为微生物生长提供适宜的环境,并保护微生物避免受有毒难降解污染物的抑制作用,同时活性炭表面生长的微生物能够对活性炭进行生物再生,使其长期保持高效的吸附能力.     

焦化废水生物处理尾水中残余有机污染物的活性炭吸附及其机理

采用粉末活性炭静态吸附焦化废水生物处理尾水中的TOC成分,考察pH值、活性炭用量等因素对吸附效果的影响.从分子结构、动力学和热力学数据等方面来判断其吸附类型和吸附速率的控制步骤,并从理论上解析活性炭对尾水中残余有机污染物的吸附过程.对选定的活性炭,pH值升高对吸附有负效应;在TOC浓度为40.0-60.0 mg·L-1的水样中投加1.000 mg·L-1活性炭,吸附容量可达(37.2±7.8)mg·g-1;长链烃、苯系物、卤代物等非极性有机物和酚类等酸性有机物在pH＜8.0时吸附效果较好,胺类等碱性有机物在碱性条件下易于被吸附;TOC的吸附动力学符合拟二级动力学模型,液膜扩散和颗粒内扩散分别是吸附初期和吸附后期的主要速率控制步骤,吸附活化能Ea=38.75kJ·mol-1;吸附等温线符合linear方程,说明吸附过程主要是有机污染物在活性炭与水溶液中的分配过程;热力学参数△G0、△H0为负值,表明该吸附是一个自发的放热过程,焦化废水生物处理尾水中残留的长链烃、卤代物、多环芳烃等难降解有机物可以通过吸附法分离去除,酚羟基、羧基等极性基团含量少的活性炭或其它非极性有机吸附剂适合于处理该类废水.     

多级土壤渗滤系统处理低有机污染水的脱氮效果与机理解析

采用"微曝气+缺氧"的两段式多级土壤渗滤系统(multi-soil-layering system,MSL)工艺,建立了在缺氧段模块中添加不同碳源的MSL系统并进行脱氮效率对比.其中,MSL1系统添加了传统碳源木屑,MSL2系统添加了一种基于PHBV(聚羟基丁酸戊酸酯)的共混固相碳源(GC-4).通过10个月的连续运行,深入探讨碳源、水温、表面水力负荷等条件对该工艺脱氮性能的影响.整个运行过程期间不同条件影响下,添加新型固相碳源的MSL2比MSL1表现出更好的强化脱氮性能.在相同表面水力负荷(1.0 m3·m-2·d-1)条件下,水温的降低会直接降低系统的脱氮效率.当水温从平均19℃下降到15℃时,MSL1系统对NH+4-N、TN的平均去除率分别由91%、62%下降为81%、45%,MSL2系统对NH+4-N、TN的平均去除率分别由88%、72%下降为80%、55%,但MSL2系统仍然优于MSL1系统.水力负荷的降低会提高2个系统TN去除率大约20%,证明了低水力负荷利于系统的脱氮效果.在各个运行阶段,MSL系统添加固相碳源均没有出现碳源过度释放现象,表现出较好的COD去除效果.分子生物学研究揭示了两段式MSL系统中微生物、硝化菌、反硝化菌的功能分区及其丰度,在生物量和反硝化基因数量上MSL2均大于MSL1,硝化菌(amo A基因)集中分布在微曝气段,反硝化菌(nir S、nir K)集中分布在土壤模块层,比较好的解释了不同碳源类型条件下MSL系统的脱氮效果的差异性.     

Advanced treatment of biologically pretreated coal gasification wastewater by a novel heterogeneous Fenton oxidation process

Sewage sludge from a biological wastewater treatment plant was converted into sewage sludge based activated carbon(SBAC) with Zn Cl2 as activation agent, which was used as a support for ferric oxides to form a catalyst(Fe Ox/SBAC) by a simple impregnation method.The new material was then used to improve the performance of Fenton oxidation of real biologically pretreated coal gasification wastewater(CGW). The results indicated that the prepared Fe Ox/SBAC significantly enhanced the pollutant removal performance in the Fenton process, so that the treated wastewater was more biodegradable and less toxic. The best performance was obtained over a wide p H range from 2 to 7, temperature 30°C, 15 mg/L of H2O2 and 1 g/L of catalyst, and the treated effluent concentrations of COD, total phenols,BOD5 and TOC all met the discharge limits in China. Meanwhile, on the basis of significant inhibition by a radical scavenger in the heterogeneous Fenton process as well as the evolution of FT-IR spectra of pollutant-saturated Fe Ox/BAC with and without H2O2, it was deduced that the catalytic activity was responsible for generating hydroxyl radicals, and a possible reaction pathway and interface mechanism were proposed. Moreover, Fe Ox/SBAC showed superior stability over five successive oxidation runs. Thus, heterogeneous Fenton oxidation of biologically pretreated CGW by Fe Ox/SBAC, with the advantages of being economical, efficient and sustainable, holds promise for engineering application.