安徽某粮油加工厂废水处理工艺设计与调试

论述了安徽某粮油加工厂综合废水的来源、水质、处理工艺与调试实践。该综合废水有机物浓度高、含油量大,较难处理。设计采用隔油处理、气浮除杂、兼氧水解酸化、好氧生化的工艺步骤进行处理,系统调试结果表明出水水质完全达国家三级排放标准。介绍了该工艺流程的特点及生产实践中应注意的问题。     

某淀粉厂废水处理改造工程设计及运行

某淀粉厂在原有处理工艺的基础上增加厌氧UASB及好氧CASS工艺,完善了物化处理+生化处理的最佳工艺流程。运行结果表明:用该工艺处理淀粉废水,其出水水质达到GB8978-1996《污水综合排放标准》二级排放标准。     

胶片厂废水治理工程实例

介绍了某胶片厂采用“水解-好氧生化工艺为主、物化预处理及深度处理为辅”的工艺处理该厂生产废水。工程运行以来,对废水中有机物的处理效果稳定,处理后的外排废水符合《污水综合排放标准》(GB8978—1996)表4二级标准的要求。提出由于对原始数据的掌握不准确,致使Ag 的去除效率虽达到设计指标,但浓度值仍超出《污水综合排放标准》(GB8978—1996)表1要求,需进一步改进。     

Characterisation of acute toxicity, genotoxicity and oxidative stress posed by textile effluent on zebrafish

Textile industries are important sources of toxic discharges and contribute enormously to water deterioration, while little attention has been paid to the toxicity of textile effluents in discharge regulation. Bioassays with zebrafish were employed to evaluate the toxicity of wastewater samples collected from different stages at a textile factory and sewage treatment plants (STPs). Physico-chemical parameters, acute toxicity, genotoxicity and oxidative stress biomarkers were analyzed. The wastewater samples from bleaching, rinsing and soaping of the textile factory exhibited high acute toxicity and genotoxicity. The coexisting components of dye compounds, as assistants and oxidants, seemed to cause some effect on the toxic response. After treatment employing the anoxic-oxic (A/O) process in STPs, the color and the chemical oxygen demand (COD) were reduced by 40% and 84%, respectively, falling within the criteria of the Chinese Sewage Discharge Standard. In contrast, increases in acute toxicity and genotoxicity were observed in the anaerobic tank, indicating the formation of toxic intermediates. The genotoxicity of the effluent of the STP was not significantly different from that of the influent, suggesting the wastewater treatment processes were not effective in removing the genotoxicity of the dye wastewater. Results indicated that the effluent contains pro-oxidants since the activities of glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA), and total anti-oxidation capacity (T-AOC) were all elevated. In addition, decreases in superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione-S transferase (GST) activities observed can be interpreted as a cytotoxicity sign due to an over-production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The results of the present study suggest that the STPs were not capable of reducing the toxicity of wastewater sufficiently. Further treatment is needed to remove the potential risks posed by textile effluent to ecosystems and human health, and employing a toxicity index is necessary for discharge regulation.     

改性膨润土处理污水处理厂二级出水的实验研究

研究基于再生水回灌地下、补充地下水水源的目的,使用河南信阳某膨润土厂生产的钠基膨润土,通过酸改性、铝柱撑改性和微波-硫酸亚铁改性制得三种改性膨润土,用于处理城市污水处理厂的二级出水.实验结果显示,经XRD衍射分析可知,三种方法制备的改性膨润土,其矿物结构都有不同程度上的变化,膨润土层间距都较膨润土原矿有所增大,可见其改...     

Design of Mass Exchange Network and Effluent Distribution System for effective water management

The environmental impact of industrial wastewater and higher cost of fresh water are the serious challenges faced by the process industries. It has led to the development of many new techniques to minimize fresh water consumption. Of the many approaches, which have been developed, the Water Source Diagram (WSD) is a flexible and dynamic alternative for the generation of different scenarios for the management of water networks with reduction in total consumption. In the present study WSD concept was coupled with water mains concept to mains simplify the piping network and reduce the cost. A new procedure was developed for integrating the effluent treatment processes to evolve Effluent Treatment Network. Example from literature having multi contaminants was considered. This simple procedure involving hand calculations will be a useful tool for process engineers to design water and effluent treatment networks. Also the WSD and ETN were combined to form an evolutionary WAMEN (Water Allocation and Mass Exchange Network) and the proposed WAMEN aims for minimum fresh water consumption.     

Recouping the wastewater: a way forward for cleaner leather processing

Leather processing employs copious amounts of water. This leads to the generation of enormous amounts of liquid effluent. The high effluent volume requires huge investments for effluent treatment plants in order to meet the required specification for the discharge of liquid effluents to various water bodies. Increasingly therefore, water use minimization in leather processing assumes greater significance due to increased treatment costs. End-of-pipe treatment methods alone do not meet the requirements and hence, in-plant control measures are gaining importance. The new era of cleaner technology has begun in leather processing. Pre-tanning and tanning operations contribute about 57% of the water consumption in leather processing and the washings about 35%. The proper adoption of integrated cleaner technologies provides a viable solution to the conservation of water in leather processing. This paper presents an integrated approach for water use minimization through recycling and optimization in leather processing. The integrated approach provides considerable reduction in the use of process water.     

某麦芽生产厂废水管理与处理实践研究

麦芽生产过程包括清选、浸麦、发芽、烘干以及除根等工序,废水主要来自于浸麦、发芽等工序。某麦芽生产厂根据麦芽过程用水和废水产生的特点,采用设备改进、加强工艺管理、用水管理、废水回用、提高员工技能等措施,通过源头削减和生产全过程控制,合理调节生产用水,降低生产用水量和废水产生量,麦芽生产水耗指标为2.4 m3水/吨麦芽。麦芽废水采用SBR工艺进行处理,出水水质满足排放标准要求。该麦芽企业废水管理和处理经验为同行业提供了较好的案例。     

化学沉淀法处理线路板厂络合铜废水实验研究

为解决某线路板厂络合铜废水达标排放的问题,模拟该厂络合铜废水处理的工艺条件,采用硫酸亚铁和硫化钠相结合的化学沉淀法进行小试,通过正交实验确定最佳药剂投加量.结果表明,影响络合铜废水处理效果的各因素的重要性顺序依次为pH、PAM、FeSO4·7H2O、LIME、Na2S;处理500mL络合铜废水的最佳的操作条件是废水初始...     

Isolation of a salt tolerant laccase secreting strain of Trichoderma sp. NFCCI-2745 and optimization of culture conditions and assessing its effectiveness in treating saline phenolic effluents

Most of the hazardous pollutants are phenolic in nature and persists in the environment. The ability of laccases to oxidize phenolic compounds and reduce molecular oxygen to water has led to intensive studies of these enzymes. Therefore the fungal strains with high laccase activity and substrate affinity that can tolerate harsh environmental conditions have a potential for biotechnological applications. Salt tolerant laccase secreting fungi can be utilized in treatment of saline and phenolic rich industrial effluents such as coir effluent and textile effluent that needed to be diluted several fold before microbial treatment. This is the first study describing the isolation and optimization of a salt tolerant strain of Trichoderma sp. potential for industrial applications. The fungus was identified based on morphological characteristics and was subsequently confirmed with molecular techniques and deposited at National Fungal Culture Collections of India （NFCCI） under the Accession No. Trichoderma viride NFCCI 2745. In contrast to other laccase secreting fungi, light conditions did not exert much influence on laccase production of this strain and salinity enhanced its laccase secretion. The fungus effectively removed the phenolic content of the textile effluent, coir-ret liquor and wood processing effluent within 96 hr of incubation. The tolerance of the fungus to high salinity and phenolic compounds makes this strain ideal for treating saline and phenolic rich industrial effluents.     

硝化棉废水处理系统优化运行研究

通过混凝+两段活性污泥法对硝化棉废水处理工程运行效果的分析,研究了在不同的温度条件下利用不同的运行方式所产生的运行效果,寻求系统的优化运行方法。结果表明:当水温在18℃以上时,只采用两段生化(低氧-好氧)处理即可使出水COD、BOD5、SS等指标达到国家《污水综合排放标准》(8978-1996)二级标准,仅出水色度稍高;而当水温T<18℃时,经过两段生化处理后废水COD在300mg/L以上,需要启动物化处理单元,在生化处理前或后增加一级混凝沉淀处理,处理出水均可达到二级标准要求。     

IC-A/O-Fenton氧化处理废纸造纸废水的中试研究

由于废纸再生造纸废水中溶解性有机物的分子量差异较大,用单一的处理单元不能达到理想的处理效果。本实验采用IC-NO-Fenton氧化工艺来处理该废水,中试实验运行结果表明,此工艺能够有效地处理废纸再生造纸废水,COD、SS的去除率均达到99％,色度的去除率达到95％,其他各项指标也能达到新的国家排放标准GB3544-20...     

印染废水处理回用工艺现状研究

印染废水产生量大、有机物含量高、具有一定的毒害性,因此印染废水的回用是降低印染废水污染和印染用水消耗的重要途径,印染废水回用包括原废水和二级生化出水的处理回用。印染废水主要回用于印染生产过程,在以印染原废水处理回用时,典型工艺是生化处理+膜分离组合工艺;在以印染废水处理后的二级生化出水进行处理回用时,其典型工艺分别是超滤+反渗透组合工艺,工艺出水可回用于印染漂洗、染色等生产过程,实现废水厂内循环利用。     

浮动填料生化法与活性污泥法比较研究

对沈阳市沈水湾污水处理厂的运行现状进行了概述,介绍了浮动填料生化法的工艺原理,通过对1号线浮动填料工艺和2号线活性污泥工艺运行参数的比较,表明浮动填料工艺在出水水质、抗冲击负荷等方面优于活性污泥法。     

ABR-生物接触氧化法处理纤维板生产废水

以工程为例，介绍了折流厌氧反应器和生物接触氧化工艺在处理纤维板生产废水中的应用。结果表明CODCr去除率达到97％，出水水质为110mg／L，能够满足国家二级排放标准，具有一定的推广价值。     

固定化微生物法处理氨氮废水

通过固定消化菌处理氨氮废水和研究，着重从凝胶颗粒的机械强度、缩水性能、化学稳定性微生物活性等４个方面来选择包埋剂。结果表明海藻酸钠、卡拉胶、聚惭烯醇和丙烯酰胺是较理想的微生物载体。在选用丙烯酰胺凝胶颗粒固定硝化菌的氨氮废水处理工艺中，用正交试验与实验方法列出了影响氨氮去除率诸因素主次顺序，依次为ＰＨ值，颗普重量、丙烯酰胺量、菌体量。交得出丙烯酰胺含量１２．５％，包埋菌体含量５％、颗粒重量４ｇＰＨ值     

开放体系下产酸白腐菌连续处理造纸黑液研究

研究了产酸白腐菌CoriolusSp.S1在开放环境下连续曝气处理造纸黑液。在连续50d处理过程中,产酸白腐菌可以稳定的连续处理黑液,与进水相比,出水中COD降幅最高达到53.73%,脱色率平均可以达到73.74%,木质素去除率达到45.66%,为白腐菌应用于造纸黑液的治理提供了一定的基础。     

硝基苯好氧降解菌筛选及其降解特性

针对化学试剂厂和制药厂废水中的硝基苯,经菌源筛选与长期好氧驯化,分离到1株能有效降解硝基苯的菌株Bacillus subilis(枯草芽孢杆菌)。系统研究了其生长条件及降解硝基苯的特性,适宜生长条件: pH为5.0～8.0,温度为30～40℃,NH4Cl浓度为100～200 mg/L,在降解硝基苯的过程中有苯胺生成,这为含低浓度硝基苯废水的生物处理提供了新的途径,即不需要厌氧工艺而直接用好氧技术就可将废水完全无害化。      

可发性聚苯乙烯(EPS)废水回用中试研究

以可发性聚苯乙烯(EPS)达标尾水为处理对象,开展了EPS废水作为工艺水回用技术研究,半年来的深度处理中试试验表明:采用砂滤-超滤-一级反渗透-离子交换/二级反渗透深度处理工艺的出水能稳定达到该厂工艺水要求,即:ρ(CODMn)≤5 mg/L,电导率≤10μS/cm。产品合成中试试验表明:采用经深度处理后得到的工艺水合成的产品符合国家和企业相关的质量标准,粒度稳定、分布较为集中。     

造纸脱墨废水的深度处理技术

介绍一种实用的脱墨废水三级处理技术的原理、工艺流程、主要构筑物,并重点探讨了在各级处理过程中的控制参数和影响因素。应用该工艺建造的某大型造纸厂的脱墨废水处理工程,处理出水达到了《污水综合排放标准》(GB8978-1996)中二级标准。针对该处理系统实际运行中出现的问题,提出了相应的解决措施,可供同行借鉴和参考。