基于监测数据对邻苯二甲酸酯在室内PM2.5-空气和灰尘-空气间分配状态的研究

邻苯二甲酸酯(PAEs)是室内环境中广泛存在的内分泌干扰物之一.过去认为气相媒介传输机制主导包括PAEs在内的SVOCs在室内环境中分配的观点近年来已受到质疑.为探究PAEs在真实室内环境中的分配状态,本文利用监测数据计算PAEs在PM2.5-空气和灰尘-空气之间的分配系数(分别为Kp和Kd),并与平衡状态下的分配系数(Kp*和Kd*)比较.夏季和冬季DiBP、DnBP和DEHP在PM2.5-空气间的Kp中位值(m3·μg-1)分别为0.053和0.011、0.010和0.004、0.021和0.025.与Kp*的比较表明整体而言DEHP的分配在两季均无法达到平衡,其在PM2.5中的浓度低于与气相平衡时的浓度;DiBP和DnBP的分配在两个季节均可能趋于平衡.夏季和冬季DiBP、DnBP和DEHP在灰尘-空气间的Kd中位值(m3·mg-1)分别为0.13和0.06、0.02和0.018、5.62和0.76.与Kd*的比较表明整体上3种PAEs在两个季节都偏离平衡状态:夏季3种PAEs灰尘中的浓度均显著高于与气相平衡时的浓度,而冬季则相反.通过分析可以得到:1)PAEs可从源材料直接传输至灰尘;2)空气湿度和PM2.5的有机成分亦可能对PAEs在空气和PM2.5间的分配状态产生影响.     

一株同时降解3种邻苯二甲酸酯降解菌的筛选鉴定及降解特性

选择邻苯二甲酸二甲酯(DMP)、邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(DnBP)和邻苯二甲酸二(2-乙基己基)酯(DEHP)作为目标污染物,采用富集驯化法从设施菜地土壤中筛选出1株可同时降解DMP、DnBP和DEHP的细菌MB1.经形态、生理生化特征及16S rDNA序列分析,初步鉴定为微杆菌属(Microbacterium sp.).通过正交试验研究了该菌株的最优降解条件以及最优条件下该菌株的生长曲线和降解曲线,最后在培养条件下研究了该菌株对人工污染土壤中邻苯二甲酸酯的降解特性.结果表明,菌株MB1的最优降解条件为:pH值为8,温度为25℃,接菌量为5%,每种邻苯二甲酸酯浓度为300 mg·L~(-1).在此最优条件下该菌株呈S型曲线增长,7 d后无机盐培养液中DMP、DnBP和DEHP的降解率分别为99.62%%、99.65%和55.26%.人工污染土壤中空白试验和投加菌株试验结果为:在不添加菌液的处理中,灭菌土壤21 d时DMP、DnBP和DEHP的降解率分别为3.86%、4.19%和2.01%;未灭菌土壤21 d时对DMP、DnBP和DEHP的降解率分别为4.82%、5.99%和3.44%.在添加菌液的处理中,21 d时土壤灭菌处理中DMP、DnBP和DEHP的降解率分别达94.45%、95.65%和39.21%;而土壤未灭菌处理中DMP、DnBP和DEHP的降解率分别达94.93%、95.99%和41.16%.该结果表明:土壤中土著微生物仅能降解微量PAEs,菌株MB1对土壤中DMP、DnBP和DEHP等3种PAEs污染物具有较为高效的降解能力,未灭菌土壤中邻苯二甲酸酯的降解效果略高于灭菌土壤.     

西北地膜高投入地区土壤与玉米邻苯二甲酸酯(PAEs)含量水平与健康风险评估

在西北地膜高投入的甘肃、新疆和内蒙古等3省(区)选择地膜覆盖面积较大、地膜使用量较高的5个典型县,同步采集玉米产地的土壤和玉米,采用加速溶剂萃取-高效液相色谱串联质谱技术对土壤与玉米籽粒中6种优先控制的领苯二甲酸酯(PAEs)含量进行分析.结果表明,研究区域土壤中∑_6PAEs含量为(0.532±0.175) mg·kg~(-1),区间为0.103—1.117 mg·kg~(-1).新疆∑_6PAEs含量最高.DEP在所有土壤样品中均未检出,其余5种PAEs组分含量依次为DEHP DnBP DMP BBP、DnOP.土壤PAEs均以DEHP和DnBP为主,其中DEHP占35%—65%,DnBP占24%—33%,其余PAEs组分含量和占比较低.研究区域玉米籽粒中∑_6PAEs含量为(0.508±0.105) mg·kg~(-1),区间为0.206—0.966 mg·kg~(-1),玉米对PAEs的BCF为(1.245±0.716).新疆玉米籽粒中∑_6PAEs含量最高.与土壤类似,玉米籽粒中PAEs均以DEHP和DnBP为主,两者合计占PAEs总量的63%—89%,其余PAEs组分含量和占比较低.相关性分析表明,玉米籽粒中PAEs、DnBP及DEHP含量与土壤中对应组分含量的相关性达到了显著性水平.调查区玉米PAEs含量及各组分含量均低于美国和欧洲的建议摄入标准,总体是安全的.成人和儿童的PAEs致癌风险分别为4.67×10~(-6)和1.58×10~(-6),非致癌指数分别为8.46×10~(-2)和7.60×10~(-2),均在可接受范围内.PAEs各组分中,对人体致癌和非致癌总风险贡献最大的均为DEHP.     

再生水受纳湖泊中邻苯二甲酸酯的生态风险时空分布及管控建议

本研究以再生水受纳湖泊J湖为研究对象,基于多介质归趋模型对湖泊水相和沉积相中邻苯二甲酸酯(phthalic acid esters, PAEs)进行不同时空生态风险评估。结果显示,水相和沉积相中邻苯二甲酸二甲酯(dimethyl phthalate, DMP)和邻苯二甲酸二乙酯(diethyl phthalate, DEP)的危险商(hazard quotient, HQ)均小于0.1,对湖泊水生生物的风险水平为无风险;湖泊中的邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(dibutyl phthalate, DBP)和邻苯二甲酸二(2-乙基己)酯(di-(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate, DEHP)生态风险表现出显著的空间异质性,水相中,DBP低风险区占42.7%,DEHP中风险、低风险区分别占93.5%、5.6%;在沉积相中,DBP中风险、低风险区分别占0.5%、69.2%,DEHP中风险、低风险区分别占0.9%、68.3%。不同季节中,湖泊水相DEP、DBP和DEHP的生态风险差异较大,沉积物中PAEs的生态风险随季节变化与水相相似。最后,建议降低再生水中DBP和DEHP的浓度并从源头管控降低...     

天津市孕妇胎盘中邻苯二甲酸单酯的分布特征

作为母体与胎儿间物质传递的重要器官,胎盘中化学品的分布特征可反映妊娠期胎儿对污染物的宫内暴露特征,并可作为评价胎儿暴露状况的一个重要指标.本研究在天津市共采集了78个孕妇胎盘样品,利用HPLC-MS/MS测定了孕妇胎盘中11种邻苯二甲酸单酯(phthalate metabolites,m PAEs)的含量,分析了其组成特征,并通过Spearman相关性分析探究了各m PAEs性质和社会人口统计学特征对胎盘中m PAEs含量的影响.本研究所检出5种m PAEs,分别是3-羟丙基邻苯二甲酸单酯(mono-(3-carboxypropyl)phthalate,MCPP),邻苯二甲酸单丁酯(mono-(n-butyl)phthalate,MBP),邻苯二甲酸单异丁酯(mono-(2-isobutyl)phthalate,Mi BP),邻苯二甲酸单乙酯(mono-ethyl phthalate,MEP)和邻苯二甲酸单(2-乙基己基)酯(mono-(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate,MEHP).胎盘中∑m PAEs含量中值(范围)为3.23(0.0138—17.8)ng·g~(-1)dry weight.不同种类m PAEs含量的Spearman相关性分析结果表明,Mi BP和MBP之间具有强相关性(r=0.804,P0.01),这是由于它们具有相似的来源——其母体化合物互为同分异构体.同时,MBP和MCPP之间具有较强的相关性(r=0.292,P0.05),这进一步印证了人体内部分MCPP是由MBP转化来的.胎盘中m PAEs含量与所选择社会人口统计学特征间无相关性(P0.05),而与lg K_(ow)则显著相关(P0.05),m PAEs在胎盘中的分布除了与化合物性质有关,还受到母体化合物用量、人体暴露、体内分布与代谢等多因素联合影响.     

长江干流、嘉陵江和乌江重庆段邻苯二甲酸酯污染特征及生态风险评估

以重庆境内长江干流及其主要支流嘉陵江和乌江,作为研究对象,系统分析了沿江不同监测位点水体和沉积物中16种邻苯二甲酸酯(phthalic acid esters,PAEs)的含量、组成和分布;同时开展了水体和沉积物中PAEs的生态风险评估。水体中共检出7种PAEs,总浓度范围为6.18～81.8μg·L-1,主要污染物为邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(dibutyl phthalate,DBP)、邻苯二甲酸丁基苄基酯(butyl benzyl phthalate,BBP)和邻苯二甲酸二甲酯(dimethyl phthalate,DMP)。长江干流中游水体中PAEs的浓度明显高于上游和下游,在乌江汇入长江干流的监测位点水体中也检出了较高浓度的PAEs,主要原因可能与其受周围工业园区所排放废水的影响有关。沉积物中共检出8种PAEs,浓度范围为2.24～12.26μg·g-1,污染物以邻苯二甲酸二(2-乙基己基)酯(bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate,DEHP)、BBP和DBP为主;沉积物中PAEs的沿江分布均未发现明显规律,其受工业废水排放的影响相对较小。生态风险评估结果表明,水体中DBP在大部分位点,以及邻苯二甲酸二异丁酯(DIBP)和DEHP在少数位点,均存在一定程度的潜在生态风险,而DMP、邻苯二甲酸二乙酯(DEP)、BBP和邻苯二甲酸二正辛酯(DOP)的生态风险均处于可接受范围;沉积物中DEHP对生物体存在一定的潜在影响,而DBP的潜在风险相对较小。     

中国中西部地区土壤和农产品中邻苯二甲酸酯污染特征及评价

为评估不同地区农田土壤和农产品中邻苯二甲酸酯（phthalic acid esters,PAEs）风险,在江苏、陕西、河南、河北开展土壤-农产品（蔬菜和小麦）协同采样,共采集106对土壤-农产品样品,分析了土壤-农产品中PAEs化合物含量,并对其污染分布、污染程度进行了评价.结果显示,调查区土壤样品中6种PAEs化合物总浓度（∑PAEs）范围为33.70—895.53μg·kg^-1,平均值为152.22μg·kg^-1,检出率为100%.土样中邻苯二甲酸二乙酯（diethyl phthalate, DEP）、邻苯二甲酸二正丁酯（di-n-butyl phthalate, DBP）、邻苯二甲酸丁基苄（benzyl butyl phthalate, BBP）、邻苯二甲酸（2-乙基已基）酯(di（2-ethylhexyl）phthalate, DEHP)和邻苯二甲酸二正辛酯（di-n-octyl phthalate, DnOP）的检出率为100%,其中DBP、 DEHP和BBP是调查区土壤中PAEs的主要组成部分,分别占∑PAEs总量的51.51%、...     

Pseudomonas fluorescens Z1999降解邻苯二甲酸酯的二级动力学特征

通过驯化富集培养,从处理焦化厂废水的活性污泥中分离获得一株可以在好氧条件下利用邻苯二甲酸酯(PAEs)作为唯一碳源和能源的荧光假单胞菌(Pseudomonasfluorescens编号Z1999),研究了P.fluorescensZ1999对PAEs的降解条件,揭示了P.fluorescensZ1999降解PAEs的动力学特征.试验结果表明,P.fluorescensZ1999对PAEs降解的最佳条件为pH65—80,温度20—35℃,菌种量002—45%,富集驯化时间18—24h.P.fluorescensZ1999可有效降解邻苯二甲酸二甲酯(DMP)、邻苯二甲酸二乙酯(DEP)和邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(DnBP).在初始浓度为100—750mg·ml-1范围内,DMP,DEP,DnBP的降解反应遵循二级反应动力学方程∶-dS/dt=K2S2 K1S K0,r2=09686—09997.随PAEs浓度和支链烷基碳数的增加,P.fluorescensZ1999对PAEs的最大降解速率p下降,半衰期T1/2增大,抑制作用增强.     

Occurrence of estrogenic endocrine disrupting chemicals concern in sewage plant effluent

The purpose of this study was to give a worldwide overview of the concentrations of typical estrogenic endocrine disrupting chemicals （EDCs） in the effluent of sewage plants and then compare the concentra- tion distribution of the estrogenic EDCs in ten countries based on the survey data of the estrogenic EDCs research. The concentrations of three main categories （totally eight kinds） of estrogenic EDCs including steroidal estrogens （estrone （El）, estradiol （E2）, estriol （E3） and 17a- ethynylestradiol （EE2））, phenolic compounds （nonylphe- nol （NP） and bisphenol A （BPA）） and phthalate esters （dibutyl phthalate （DBP） and dibutyl phthalate （2- ethylhexyl） phthalate （DEHP）） in the effluents of sewage plants reported in major international journals over the past decade were collected. The statistics showed that the concentration distributions of eight kinds of EDCs were in the range of ng·L^-1 to μg·L^-1. The concentrations of steroidal estrogens mainly ranged within 50.00 ng. L-1, and the median concentrations of El, E2, E3 and EE2 were 11.00, 3.68, 4.90 and 1.00 ng·L^-1, respectively. Phenolic compounds and phthalate esters were found at pg. L-1 level （some individual values were at the high level of 40.00 μg·L^-1）. The median concentrations of BPA, NP, DBP and DEHP were 0.06, 0.55, 0.07 and 0.88 μg·L^-1, respectively. The concentrations of phenolic compounds and phthalate esters in the effluents were higher than that of steroids estrogens. The analysis of the concentration in various ten countries showed that steroids estrogens, phenolic compounds and phthalate esters in sewage plant effluents were detected with high concentration in Canada, Spain and China, respectively.     

Phytotoxicity in seven higher plant species exposed to di-n-butyl phthalate or bis (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate

We investigated phytotoxicity in seven plant species exposed to a range of concentrations (0– 500 mg·kg⁻¹ soil) of di-n-butyl phthalate (DnBP) or bis (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), two representative phthalate esters (PAEs) nominated by USEPA as priority pollutants and known environmental estrogens. We studied seed germination, root elongation, seedling growth, biomass (fresh weight, FW) and malondialdehyde (MDA) content of shoots and roots of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne), radish (Raphanus sativus L.), cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.), oat (Avena sativa) and onion (Allium cepa L.), together with monitoring of plant pigment content (chlorophyll a, b and carotinoids) in alfalfa, radish and onion shoots. Root elongation, seedling growth and biomass of the test species were generally inhibited by DnBP but not by DEHP, indicating a lower level of phytotoxicity of DEHP than of DnBP. MDA contents of four species were promoted by PAE exposure, but not in alfalfa, ryegrass or onion shoots, indicating lower sensitivity of these three species to PAE pollutants. Plant pigment contents were clearly affected under the stress of both pollutants, implying the potential damage to the photosynthetic system of test plants, mainly by decreasing the content of chlorophyll a and b. Results of DnBP and DEHP phytotoxicity to the primary growth of test plants has provided information for the assessment of their environmental risk in the soil and also forms a basis for the further analysis of their toxic effects over the whole growth period of different plant species.     

Interactions of Endocrine-active environmental chemicals with the nuclear receptor PXR

There is growing concern about the human-health impact of environmental chemicals that have the potential to disrupt normal endocrine function. Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) include structurally diverse organochlorine pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), plasticizers, fungicides, herbicides and pharmaceutical compounds, and can have a profound impact on development, and on reproductive, neurological and immune system functions. While many studies have focused on the role of androgen receptor, estrogen receptor and aryl hydrocarbon receptor in mediating the effects of EDCs, other nuclear receptors that regulate steroid hormone action and metabolism may also serve as targets of EDC action. This review focuses on two classes of EDCs, PCBs and phthalate monoesters, both of which have been shown to interact with pregnane X receptor (PXR), a member of the nuclear receptor superfamily that regulates a large number of target genes, many of which have important roles in steroid metabolism and transport. Recent findings on the ability of PCBs and phthalate monoesters to activate PXR are discussed and the potential role of PXR and other intracellular receptor proteins in mediating toxicities associated with EDC exposure is considered. Finally, we discuss several gaps in our knowledge regarding the actions of EDCs and the difficulties associated with the evaluation of risks associated with exposure to these endocrine active environmental chemicals.     

邻苯二甲酸酯类对水生食物链的影响研究进展

邻苯二甲酸酯类(PAEs)增塑剂被普遍用于塑料制品中,在大气、水等环境中广泛存在,其潜在危害受到关注。水环境中的PAEs,从藻类等初级生产者吸收,到浮游动物、游泳动物等通过鳃和皮肤直接接触或捕食摄取,在水生生物之间转化和传递。笔者总结了PAEs在水生食物链中不同营养级生物体的含量,分析了PAEs在食物链中富集和转化的影响因素(辛醇-水分配系数Kow、代谢转化、生长阶段等)。目前的研究表明PAEs可能在食物链中传递,最终在较高营养级生物体中富集。同时总结了5种PAEs(邻苯二甲酸二丁酯、邻苯二甲酸二乙酯、邻苯二甲酯丁苄酯、邻苯二甲酸二(2-乙基)己酯和邻苯二甲酸二甲酯)对水生生物的毒性效应的研究进展,已有研究表明PAEs对藻类的细胞器和抗氧化体系,对鱼类的生殖系统、内分泌系统和抗氧化体系都有一定程度损伤。PAEs在食物链中传递和富集现象的存在会对高营养级水生生物产生潜在危害。针对目前PAEs在食物链中传递的研究数量较少、结构简单等问题,对未来研究方向做了简要分析和展望。     

In vitro evaluation of the effect of dibutyl phthalate on electrogenic sodium-linked glucose transport in isolated rabbit ileum

Dibutyl phthalate, a known endocrine disruptor, is a commonly used plasticizer that influences the glucose homeostasis. The present study elucidates the effects of dibutyl phthalate (1 and 5 mmol/L) on electrogenic sodium-linked glucose transport in the isolated rabbit ileum with ‘Ussing chamber.’ Serosal addition of dibutyl phthalate has no effect on glucose-based electrogenic changes in short circuit current, and no effect of dibutyl phthalate is observed on ileal tissue conductance and catalase activity. However, mucosal addition of dibutyl phthalate in the presence of glucose shows a trend of decrease in short circuit current compared with the control. This indicates that dibutyl phthalate may have a deleterious effect on the electrogenic intestinal glucose transport.     

多溴二苯醚及其代谢物的内分泌干扰活性和构效关系研究进展

多溴二苯醚(Polybrominated diphenyl ethers,PBDEs)作为一种良好的防火溴系阻燃剂(Brominated flame retardants,BFRs)广泛应用于各种家用和工业产品.研究表明,PBDEs容易从产品中溢出而进入环境.近年来,PBDEs及其代谢物已在各种环境介质和生物体中被广泛检出.毒理学研究发现,PBDEs及其代谢物具有生殖毒性、免疫毒性、神经毒性和内分泌干扰作用.在总结国内外相关研究基础上,论文综述了PBDEs及其代谢物的内分泌干扰活性,重点集中在对甲状腺激素活性、雌激素活性、雄激素活性及影响性激素转化和代谢的芳香化酶、CYP17酶、雌二醇磺基转移酶(E2SULT)活性的影响;分析了具有不同测试终点内分泌干扰活性的化合物的结构特征.研究发现,在内分泌干扰活性方面,PBDEs母体化合物的影响较小,主要是PBDEs代谢物产生的影响,特别是羟基化代谢物引起了较严重的内分泌干扰作用,即PBDEs化合物是一类通过代谢而被活化的内分泌干扰前趋物.为评价PBDEs及其代谢物对人和其他生物的健康危害,应加强其内分泌干扰活性机制的研究,以及具有同类型作用模式的PBDEs及其代谢物定量结构-活性关系的研究.     

Determination of three endocrine disrupting chemicals,triclosan, 4-n-nonylphenol,and di-n-butyl phthalate using stir bar sorptive extraction in samples of different matrices

Three endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs), triclosan (TCS), 4-n-nonylphenol (4-n-NP), and di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP) were determined using stir bar sorptive extraction (SBSE) along with high-performance liquid chromatography/photodiode array detection (HPLC/DAD). Benzyl butyl phthalate was used as an internal standard. The targeted analytes could be rapidly determined with limits of quantification (LOQ) ranging from 4.1 (DBP), 10 (TCS), to 34 (4-n-NP)?µg?L^?1 in real samples such as bottled waters, personal care products, soaps, lotions, and urine. The results show that the developed analytical scheme is solvent-saving, efficient, and capable of fast screening samples for these common EDCs.     

有机磷酸酯类阻燃剂毒性效应研究进展

有机磷酸酯类阻燃剂(organophosphate flame retardants,OPFRs)作为多溴联苯醚等溴代阻燃剂(brominated flame retardants,BFRs)的替代品被广泛应用,由此带来的环境影响广受关注。目前针对OPFRs的生物毒性研究仍相对有限,需要更全面调查其在多环境介质中的暴露状况、环境归趋、生物毒性效应等研究成果,在此基础上才能综合评价其可能引起的生态风险。因此,综述了OPFRs对水生生物、哺乳动物和人类等多种生物体的急性毒性、生殖与发育毒性、神经毒性、脏器毒性、基因毒性与致突变性和内分泌干扰性。OPFRs的多种生物毒性已得到证实,但相关致毒机制研究尚不完整深入。最后对OPFRs的进一步研究存在的问题进行分析,提出了研究展望,以期促进开展OPFRs的环境风险和人体健康风险研究。     

Phytotoxicity in seven higher plant species exposed to di-<Emphasis Type="Italic">n</Emphasis>-butyl phthalate or bis (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate

We investigated phytotoxicity in seven plant species exposed to a range of concentrations (0–500 mg·kg^?1 soil) of di-n-butyl phthalate (DnBP) or bis (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), two representative phthalate esters (PAEs) nominated by USEPA as priority pollutants and known environmental estrogens. We studied seed germination, root elongation, seedling growth, biomass (fresh weight, FW) and malondialdehyde (MDA) content of shoots and roots of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne), radish (Raphanus sativus L.), cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.), oat (Avena sativa) and onion (Allium cepa L.), together with monitoring of plant pigment content (chlorophyll a, b and carotinoids) in alfalfa, radish and onion shoots. Root elongation, seedling growth and biomass of the test species were generally inhibited by DnBP but not by DEHP, indicating a lower level of phytotoxicity of DEHP than of DnBP. MDA contents of four species were promoted by PAE exposure, but not in alfalfa, ryegrass or onion shoots, indicating lower sensitivity of these three species to PAE pollutants. Plant pigment contents were clearly affected under the stress of both pollutants, implying the potential damage to the photosynthetic system of test plants, mainly by decreasing the content of chlorophyll a and b. Results of DnBP and DEHP phytotoxicity to the primary growth of test plants has provided information for the assessment of their environmental risk in the soil and also forms a basis for the further analysis of their toxic effects over the whole growth period of different plant species.     

类固醇激素在环境中的污染现状及归趋

类固醇激素是一类典型的环境内分泌干扰物(endocrine disrupting chemicals,EDCs),具有极强的内分泌干扰效应和生物活性,因其在各种环境介质中频繁被检出,近几十年来受到了人们的广泛关注。本文系统综述了环境中类固醇激素的主要来源、途径与污染现状及其环境行为,并对未来研究方向进行展望。     

塑料增塑剂对凡纳滨对虾存活、生长和免疫的影响(Effects of Plastic Plasticizers on Survival, Growth and Immune Factors of Litopenaeus vannamei)

研究了塑料增塑剂邻苯二甲酸二甲酯(DMP)、邻苯二甲酸二乙酯(DEP)、邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(DBP)和邻苯二甲酸二辛酯(DOP)对凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)存活、生长和免疫的影响.96h急性毒性实验表明,在助溶剂Tween20的安全浓度范围内,随着DMP、DEP、DBP和DOP水平的升高,凡纳滨对虾存活率呈下降趋势,24h、48h、72h和96h的LC50分别为40.33、35.29、25.48、19.14mg·L-1,30.52、23.45、16.96、15.38mg·L-1,7.51、6.97、6.57、6.06mg·L-1和6.85、5.87、5.01、4.47mg·L-1;DMP、DEP、DBP和DOP对凡纳滨对虾的安全浓度随塑料增塑剂碳链的增加呈下降趋势,分别为8.11、4.15、1.80和1.29mg·L-1.90d慢性毒性实验表明,凡纳滨对虾存活率、特定生长率、血清蛋白含量、血清酚氧化酶和超氧化物歧化酶活性均以对照组和0.0400mg·L-1助溶剂Tween20处理组最高,而且显著高于1/100倍DMP、DEP、DBP和DOP安全浓度处理组(p<0.05).