钙钛矿型La1.4FeO3.6处理餐厨废水的湿式氧化催化性能研究

Fe元素不易产生生物毒性,以氧化物所形成的钙钛矿型结构有氧空位产生或消除为基础进行可逆氧化-还原过程的特征。采用新型的钙钛矿型La1.4FeO3.6催化剂,对餐厨废水进行湿式催化氧化处理,考察钙钛矿型La1.4FeO3.6催化剂的催化性能。研究表明,在140℃氧分压为0.6 MPa的条件下催化剂对高浓度餐厨废水具有较高的催化活性,但由于催化剂本身的缺陷,存在催化剂流失的问题。     

淀山湖氮磷营养物长期变化规律及其对藻类增长影响研究

为深入认识淀山湖生态环境状况,从淀山湖20a的监测数据和藻类增长潜力试验(AGP)的试验结果入手,结合20a的遥感影像资料,采用时间序列分析法、方差分析、概率分布和箱线图等描述统计方法,分析了淀山湖氮磷营养物的长期变化规律及其对藻类演替和增长的影响.结果表明,从1985年第1次大规模藻类水华算起,经过15a的营养物积累,在1999～2000年之间,淀山湖由中度富营养化湖泊逐渐转化为重度富营养化湖泊;1999年之后淀山湖水体氮磷营养物大量聚集,叶绿素a水平迅速提高,分别以1999年前速率的2.25、6.67、3.40倍上升.其中以磷的上升速率为最快;透明度则以平均每年递减5cm的速度下降.藻类群落转化为以绿藻和蓝藻为主,藻类水华的频率为1999年前的2～3倍.当水体TN浓度超过3.5 mg/L时.AGP试验不再有任何显著性反应.氮和铁可能共同限制藻类增长.研究证明,淀山湖已经具备暴发大规模,大面积蓝藻水华的条件,水体TN浓度超过临界值(＞3.5 mg/L)的频次越多,淀山湖暴发蓝藻水华的可能性越大.     

酸性介质对于聚硅酸铁混凝性能的影响

对新型混凝剂聚硅酸铁(PSF)中合成原料聚硅酸(PS)进行改性,制备出盐酸,硫酸,硝酸,醋酸以及磷酸为主体酸化剂的改性聚硅酸铁混凝剂(n(Si/Fe)=1),进行混凝实验研究并对PSF的混凝机理进行初步的探讨。结果表明,PSF中的PS性质改变并未降低其混凝性能,在投药量为0.18mmol/L时,取得良好的净水效果。PSF主要依靠电中和/脱稳及吸附架桥综合作用产生净水性能。     

Integrated plumage colour variation in relation to body condition, reproductive investment and laying date in the collared flycatcher

The possible integration of different sexual ornaments into a composite system, and especially the information content of such ornament complexes, is poorly investigated. Many bird species display complex plumage coloration, but whether this represents one integrated or several independent sexual traits can be unclear. Collared flycatchers (Ficedula albicollis) display melanised and depigmented plumage areas, and the spectral features (brightness and UV chroma) of these are correlated with each other across the plumage. In a 5-year dataset of male and female plumage reflectance, we examined some of the potential information content of integrated, plumage-level colour attributes by estimating their relationships to previous and current year body condition, laying date and clutch size. Females were in better condition the year before they became darker pigmented, and males in better current year condition were also darker pigmented. Female pigment-based brightness was positively, while male structurally based brightness was negatively related to current laying date. Finally, the overall UV chroma of white plumage areas in males was positively associated with current clutch size. Our results show that higher degree of pigmentation is related to better condition, while the structural colour component is associated with some aspects of reproductive investment. These results highlight the possibility that correlated aspects of a multiple plumage ornamentation system may reflect together some aspects of individual quality, thereby functioning as a composite signal.     

苯并(a)芘和芘暴露对梭鱼肝脏超氧化物歧化酶活性的影响

在实验生态条件下,浓度范围0．1－0．5ug/L的苯并（a)芘和芘的短期暴露（7d),50ug/L浓度组造成梭鱼肝脏SOD活性先抑制后诱导的效应,5ug/L浓度在7d的暴露中,SOD活性未出现诱导而是抑制。同样在50ug/L浓度下,苯并（a)芘暴露4d后SOD活性出现诱导,而芘在暴露7d后才出现诱导,这间接反映了苯并（a)芘和芘的毒性大小。这些结果说明梭鱼肝脏SOD活性与苯并（a)芘和芘暴露有一定的相关性,可以作为海洋环境多环芳烃污染监测的一种生物标志物。     

生物表面活性剂皂角苷对菲在水和土壤间分配行为影响

文章比较研究了皂角苷(saponin)、Triton X-100以及二者的混合物对多环芳烃菲在土壤和水相间分配行为的影响。结果表明,在所选择的表面活性剂中,皂角苷对菲在水和土壤间的分配具有最强的增溶能力。在竞争吸附的作用下,随着加入的表面活性剂的量不同,菲在水和土壤间的分配行为也有差异。当表面活性剂的浓度较低时,促进菲在土壤上的吸附;当加入的表面活性剂的量超过其临界胶束浓度(CMC)时,菲在水和土壤间的分配系数随着表面活性剂浓度的增大出现持续减小的趋势。并且在相同浓度下,皂角苷和TritonX-100组成的混合表面活性剂的增溶能力比单独使用非离子表面活性剂Triton X-100强。同样在混合表面活性剂的协同增溶作用下,菲在水和土壤间的分配系数随着表面活性剂浓度的增加出现持续减小的趋势。     

聚合氯化铁对制药废水混凝处理效果的影响

对聚合氯化铁混凝处理制药废水的最佳试验条件进行了研究.证实表明:在溶液pH值为6,PFC投加量为700 mg/L,温度为20℃,搅拌强度为100 r/min,搅拌时间为4min时,效果最佳,COD的去除率为86%.     

Effect of tunnel inclination on digging energetics in the tuco-tuco, Ctenomys talarum (Rodentia: Ctenomyidae)

Burrows play an important role for many species, providing them with shelter and access to food resources. For subterranean rodents, living underground imposes constraints on morphology and physiology. The convergence in burrow architecture among subterranean rodents has been related to the energy demands imposed by the cost of constructing an entire system. The low frequency of tunnels with downward angles steeper than 40° appears to be a common feature in burrow design. In the subterranean habitat, movements through the soil are expensive and gravity can exert important restrictions on digging energetics when individuals push out the soil removed in steeper digging angles. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of digging angle on digging energetics in Ctenomys talarum. The mass of the removed soil and burrowing speed were similar while digging metabolic rate and net cost of transport were higher in individuals digging in tunnels with angles >40° than in those digging tunnels with angles <40°. The cost of constructing a burrow in the horizontal plane differed by 20% from others in which the natural representation of tunnels >40° was considered. Even given that tunnels >40° represented only 6% of the total burrow length, burrow architecture appears to be constrained by the high energetic cost of constructing in steeper angles.     

黄河水中脯氨酸对Pb(Ⅱ)与表层沉积物相互作用的影响

研究了黄河干流内蒙古清水河段黄河水中表层沉积物与铅（Ⅱ）相互作用以及脯氨酸对其的影响，得出了离子交换率E％－pH关系曲线，该曲线的突跃范围及最大离子交换率E％。结果表明：在我们研究的范围内，脯氨酸深度增加，离子交换率E％增大，并且在pH为0－10的范围内，随着pH值增大，离子交换率E％增大；交换剂为转化沙时的离子交换率E％比未转化沙大。     

河南省经济发展对PM2.5污染的门槛效应分析

基于2000-2015年河南省18个省辖市的面板数据,文章以经济发展规模和经济发展质量为门槛变量,分析经济发展对PM_(2.5)污染的门槛效应及其区域差异。结果发现:河南省经济发展和PM_(2.5)污染之间存在着显著的门槛效应,其中,经济发展规模的单一门槛值为13 236元,经济发展质量的双重门槛值为29%和33%。经济发展规模低于13 236元时,经济发展规模扩大会加剧PM_(2.5)污染;经济发展规模高于13 236元,经济发展规模扩大则会减轻PM_(2.5)污染。经济发展质量低于29%时,经济发展质量提升会加剧PM_(2.5)污染;经济发展质量处在29%至33%之间时,经济发展质量增长对PM_(2.5)污染的加剧作用有所减缓;经济发展质量高于33%,经济发展质量提升则会降低PM_(2.5)污染程度。河南省经济发展对PM_(2.5)污染门槛效应的区域差异显著,城市在跨越经济发展规模门槛时呈现出以郑州中心向外围扩散的空间演化特征,在跨越经济发展质量门槛时则表现出明显的多元化和波动性特征。     

Effect of competing solutes on arsenic(V) adsorption using iron and aluminum oxides

The study focused on the effect of several typical competing solutes on removal of arsenic with Fe2O3 and Al2O3. The test results indicate that chloride, nitrate and sulfate did not have detectable effects, and that selenium(IV) (Se(IV)) and vanadium(V) (V(V)) show slight effects on the adsorption of As(V) with Fe2O3. The results also showed that adsorption of As(V) on Al2O3 was not affected by chloride and nitrate anions, but slightly by Se(IV) and V(V) ions. Unlike the adsorption of As(V) with Fe2O3, that with Fe2O3 was affected by the presence of sulfate in water solutions. Both phosphate and silica have significant adverse effects on the adsorption of As(V) adsorption with Fe2O3 and Al2O3. Compared to the other tested anions, phosphate anion was found to be the most prominent solute affecting the As(V) adsorption with Fe2O3 and Al2O3. In general, Fe2O3 has a better performance than Al2O3 in removal of As(V) within a water environment where multi competing solutes are present.     

龙须菜对锥状斯氏藻抑制作用的机制

实验室条件下研究了共培养体系中龙须菜(Gracilaria lemaneiformis)对锥状斯氏藻(Scrippsiella trochoidea)生长的影响,并对其作用机制进行了初步探讨.结果显示,当龙须菜起始生物量为0.5 g·L-1时,在彼此隔离的共培养体系中,锥状斯氏藻的生长受到明显的抑制,与对照组相比,细胞最大密度降低并且对数生长期缩短;但这种抑制作用明显弱于在藻体直接接触的共培养体系中的抑制作用,说明藻体直接接触所产生的克生作用是导致龙须菜对锥状斯氏藻抑制作用的主要原因.当龙须菜起始技生物量为0.2 g·L-1时.对隔离共培养体系中的锥状斯氏藻胞内营养盐含量的测定结果显示,单独培养组锥状斯氏藻胞内硝酸盐含量是共培养组的1.5倍,说明龙须菜能够通过竞争性吸收环境中的硝酸盐来降低锥状斯氏藻胞内硝酸盐的储存含量,从而有效抑制其生长.     

苯并(a)芘对大弹涂鱼肝脏和卵巢还原型谷胱甘肽 含量影响的比较研究

分析了大弹涂肌肉、腮、脏脏、内脏（不含肝脏）以及卵巢等不同器官的还原型谷胱甘肽含量,并以不这原型谷胱甘肽含量较高的肝脏和 卵巢为研究对象,在实验生态条件下,将大弹涂鱼暴露于0,0.05,0.2和0.5mg/L等不同浓度的苯并（a）芘3d,比较这两个器官中还原型谷胱甘肽含量的变化。结果显示,苯并（a）芘肋迫下,大弹 涂鱼肝脏和卵巢还原型谷胱甘肽含量均显著升高（P≤0.05);表明肝脏和卵巢都是代谢苯并（a）芘的主要器官,还原型谷胱甘肽含量的显著升高表明机体对苯并（a）芘胁迫的适应性反应。     

霉菌吸附水体中Cr(Ⅵ)Cd(Ⅱ)离子研究

采用从活性污泥中筛选的ZYL霉菌,进行吸附水体中Cr(Ⅵ)、Cd(Ⅱ)离子研究。研究结果表明:在Cr(Ⅵ)、Cd(Ⅱ)浓度分别为300mg/L时,菌种生长良好。吸附水体中[Cr(Ⅵ)、Cd(Ⅱ)]的最佳条件是pH=5.0,时间1h,温度为10℃。吸附规律符合Langm uir等温吸附模型,由回归方程得到Cr(Ⅵ)的表观最大吸附量为14m g/g;Cd(Ⅱ)的表观最大吸附量为52m g/g,说明该霉菌可以很好的去除低温水体(地下水)中Cr(Ⅵ)、Cd(Ⅱ)离子。     

磺胺甲(口恶)唑对罗非鱼养殖水体细菌群落的影响

以SCT 1084-2006《磺胺类药物水产养殖使用规范》为依据,制作无(NS)、低(LS)、中(MS)和高(HS)剂量磺胺甲啊恶唑(SMZ)的饲料,通过8周的养殖试验(前4周投喂SMZ饲料,后4周投喂无SMZ饲料)、16S高通量测序技术和生物信息学分析来研究养殖过程中不同剂量SMZ的使用对养殖水体细菌群落结构的影响。第2、4、6和8周时运用16S rRNA和生物信息学测定分析水体微生物多样性。研究显示:(1)不同剂量SMZ投喂下对养殖水体细菌的生物多样性有不同程度的降低影响,中、高剂量效果显著,停止投喂SMZ饲料后显著性差异消失、差异程度降低;(2)不同剂量SMZ投喂时均改变了细菌群落结构,其中NS群落和LS群落差异弱于与MS和HS群落的差异,这种差异在停药4周后仍存在;(3)SMZ的抑菌和细菌耐药作用显著改变水体菌群从门至属的物种组成,SMZ主要诱导了变形菌门下β-变形菌纲中的某些参与氮循环相关的细菌(如:Candidatus_Branchiomonas和12up),同时抑制了一些致病菌(如:拟杆菌门的黄杆菌等);(4)SMZ对水体细菌群落的改变在一定程度上改变其功能分配和抑制其功能强度。研究结果表明,不同剂量饲料拌喂SMZ不仅会在不同程度上显著改变养殖水体细菌群落结构且有一定的延续性;此外,在SMZ的选择压力下一些与脱氮相关的菌成为明显的优势种,可能会对养殖池塘的氮循环有潜在的影响。     

碱预处理提高污泥产甲烷潜力(BMP)研究

以济南某生活污水处理厂的污泥为研究对象,考察碱预处理对污泥粒径和产甲烷潜力（BMP）的影响。调节污泥混和液的pH值至11左右后与未作处理的原污泥进行对比分析,结果表明,碱预处理对污泥有很好的分散作用,可以将较大粒径的污泥絮体分散为较小粒径的污泥絮体;未处理的污泥10d左右产甲烷量达到最高约为165ml／gVSS,而碱预处理后的污泥在6d左右产甲烷量就高这245ml／gVSS,碱预处理后污泥的产甲烷量不但明显增加,而且产甲烷所需时间也大大缩短。