共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 468 毫秒
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俞兴东 《环境与可持续发展》2007,(3):14-16
本文对清洁生产、排污权交易、污染物总量控制进行了系统分析,指出了三者之间的联系.阐明了污染物总量控制和排污权交易对推行清洁生产的保证作用,实行清洁生产对污染物总量控制目标的实现和排污权交易的实施提供了法律、政策和技术上的支持. 相似文献
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污染物排放总量控制和排污权交易对清洁生产的促进作用 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
对污染物排放总量控制和排污权交易及清洁生产进行了系统分析 ,指出了三者之间的内在联系。论述了污染物总量控制和排污权交易的市场运作机制 ,以及对推行清洁生产的促进作用。并阐述了清洁生产为实现总量控制目标所发挥的作用。 相似文献
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作为一种新型环境政策,排污权交易在美国已经成功地演进为总量控制型排污权交易,这被认为是最接近市场经济的环境管理手段。在国内,排污权交易也日益受到政府的重视。自1988年以来,中国的许多地方都先后试点了排污权交易,但多停留在补偿政策,很少有关于总量控制型排污权交易的尝试。在政策设计的技术层面,造成这种状况的一个主要原因是缺乏有效的排污权初始分配结构设计框架。为此,在区域清洁激励市场计划排污权初始分配结构的基础上,针对渐进式减排战略指导下的总量控制型排污权交易计划,分纵向结构设计和横向结构设计两部分,提出了一种具有通用性的排污权初始分配结构设计框架。这有助于合理进行排污权初始分配。 相似文献
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作为当今世界备受关注的环境经济政策之一,排污权交易在中国已于1991年由国家环境保护局进行了实施大气污染交易政策的试点.但至今总体看来,中国的排污权交易从制度到实施及相关的政策法律都是相当滞后的.中国排污权交易的立法,应从排污权交易的法律制度入手,分析当前中国实施排污权交易的现状及问题,围绕建立中国排污权交易的立法问题展开,在此基础上尽快确立排污权及总量控制制度.并且通过立法确立排污权交易的原则、主客体、排污权交易的程序、监管机制及交易的法律责任. 相似文献
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关于排污权交易的若干探讨 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
从排污权交易的基本概念,排污权的初始分配,交易机制等方面讨论中,提出应按我国的环境管理模式排污权交易政策,发挥其在总量控制以及环境管理的特殊作用;排污权初始分配应实行偿形式;其交易适宜在较大的总量控制区域;政府在交易中可抽取一定比例排污权作为“交易税”等观点。 相似文献
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排污权影子价格模型的分析及启示 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
通过建立排污权交易市场,引入市场机制力促进企业污染减排,以形成治污的长效机制,是推进节能减排制度创新的重要举措。作为一种以市场为基础的环境经济政策,排污权交易体系具有污染治理的成本效率特征,允许企业在以最低成本减少污染的同时拥有一定灵活性。在中国当前的排污权交易试点工作中,排污权初始分配方式成为了各方争论的一个焦点。利用排污权影子价格模型,深入剖析了排污权影子价格的形成机制和相关命题,并论述了排污权影子价格的政策含义及其对中国开展排污权交易的启示。 相似文献
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《Journal of Cleaner Production》2007,15(13-14):1316-1320
Environmental technology (ET) has become a catchphrase during the past decades. Nevertheless an operational definition is not yet plain, allowing manufacturers and engineers to add to their technologies the supplement “environmental” whenever they feel it is appropriate – even for marketing purposes only. Key institutes for the transfer of ET in Germany and Japan for example base their attempts on misleading interpretations about ET. But an analysis of existing literature allows the separation of ET into four categories, including Zero Impacts or Zero Emissions Technologies – the paradigm for ET. This moves towards a first attempt of an operational definition of ET. 相似文献
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Alexander Golub Jos Cozijnsen Annie Petsonk 《Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change》2009,14(5):433-453
This article examines possibilities for linkage between the European Union Emissions Trading System (EU ETS) and Russia, with
a view to enhancing cooperation on a broader scale than the project-based approaches that have been tested thus far. Three
paths for possible EU-Russia linkage are presented by which the Russian Assigned Amount under the Kyoto Protocol can be greened
in order to stimulate emissions trading: 1. Joint implementation—reductions earned via individual projects in Russia; 2. Greened
allowances or green investment schemes; and 3. Linked cap-and-trade systems, in which a Russian domestic emissions trading
system would link with the European Union Emissions Trading System. The authors conclude that the third option, emissions
trading through linked domestic emissions trading systems, offers the best opportunities at the lowest transaction costs.
The authors discuss useful innovative instruments like call options and slip level arrangements on government-to-government
and business-to-business levels.
相似文献
Annie PetsonkEmail: |
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垃圾填埋腾发覆盖系统渗沥控制试验和数值模拟 总被引:5,自引:1,他引:4
垃圾填埋场腾发覆盖系统(ET Landfill Cover)是由单一土层和植被构成的简易、低成本、无需管理的生态渗沥控制系统,该系统利用覆盖土层储蓄降水、依靠植物的蒸腾和土壤蒸发消耗土壤水,从而实现渗沥污染控制.通过在武汉大学灌溉排水与水环境综合试验场开展裸土覆盖和5组腾发覆盖的渗沥控制对比试验,并对这6个试验处理进行水量平衡分析,结果发现其中60 cm厚度壤土层和灌木构成的腾发覆盖系统渗沥控制效果比较好,但是试验过程也发现60 cm厚度土层储水能力不足以完全阻止雨量充沛季节形成渗沥液,在旱季也不能向灌木提供充足水分,而是需要灌溉来维持灌木正常生长.因此采用Hydrus 2D软件对不同土层厚度腾发覆盖系统的渗沥控制效果进行数值模拟,结果表明,在武汉地区采用120~140 cm厚度壤土层和灌木构成的腾发覆盖系统是确保渗沥控制效果的经济合理方案. 相似文献
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欧盟航空碳税对中国的影响及应对建议 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
尽管始终备受争议的航空碳税计划终于在欧盟内外的双重压力之下面临流产,但是建立全球碳排放交易体系终究是大势所趋,中国在这一问题上应该有前瞻性.由于欧盟航空碳税同环保高度相关,本文通过资料调研及数据收集,对欧盟此举的主要原因和对中国的影响进行了分析,并从保护航空业竞争力、介入全球碳排放交易体系设计和我国环保工作实际出发提出了应对建议. 相似文献
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Jonathan Haskett Bernhard Schlamadinger Sandra Brown 《Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change》2010,15(2):127-136
Climate change is occurring with greater speed and intensity that previously anticipated. All effective environmentally and
socially sound mitigation efforts need to be employed to effectively address this global crisis. Land Use, Land Use Change
and Forestry (LULUCF) projects can provide significant climate change mitigation benefits as well as poverty alleviation and
biodiversity conservation benefits. The policies of the European Union Emissions Trading Scheme (EU-ETS), the world’s largest
carbon market exclude LULUCF. Scientific support for this exclusion was presented in a briefing paper published by the Climate
Action Network—Europe (CAN) that puts forward the proposition that land based storage of carbon is ineffective. A careful
review of the scientific papers cited in support of CAN’s position indicates that, while the papers themselves are scientifically
sound, they do not support the continued exclusion of LULUCF projects from the EU-ETS. At the same time some important recent
research papers that describe the carbon storage and social benefit potential of such projects are not included in the analysis.
An in-depth consideration of the scientific evidence is necessary in evaluating this policy option. Based on this evidence
a case can be made for the inclusion of LULUCF projects in the EU-ETS. 相似文献
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排污权交易体系两种基本模式的比较 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
排污权交易兼有环境质量保障和成本效率的特点,成为总量控制目标下最有潜力的环境政策。本文基于对美国排污权交易实践的考察,从管理形式、交易成本、政府参与及制度转移成本等方面对排污权交易体系的两种基本模式进行比较,并探讨了我国建立排污权交易体系的模式选择问题。 相似文献
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In the light of the prevailing goal to keep global temperature increase below 2° and recent challenges to reach a global climate agreement in the near term, linking emissions trading schemes has emerged as a prominent complementing policy option. To this end, we explicitly assess (1) the macroeconomic welfare impacts and (2) the trade-based competitiveness effects of linking the European Union (EU) Emissions Trading Scheme in the year 2020. A stylized partial market analysis suggests that, independently of regional cost characteristics, the integration of emissions trading schemes (ETS) yields economic welfare gains for all participating regions. A computable general equilibrium analysis confirms these findings at the macroeconomic level: The economic efficiency losses from emissions regulation are diminished for both EU Member States and non-EU regions by linking ETS. However, the quantitative analysis suggests opposite trade-based incentives for linking up: while EU Member States improve their terms of trade by integrating with emerging ETS, non-EU linking candidates face competitiveness losses by linking. We conclude that, for non-EU regions, the attractiveness of linking ETS is a matter of priorities for economic welfare or international competitiveness. If these priorities are hierarchized in favor of welfare, the globalization of the carbon market could become a promising policy option complementing the efforts to reach a global climate agreement in 2015. 相似文献
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我国5种重金属类有毒空气污染物(Pb,Hg,Cd,Cr,As及其化合物)排放量大,不仅严重破坏生态环境,也极大威胁人体健康,亟待完善污染防治政策。本文分析了排放这5种重金属类有毒空气污染物的重点行业,然后基于行业分析结果,提出我国重金属类有毒空气污染物的优先控制政策,为相关管理部门决策提供参考。具体建议如下:第一,优先控制5种重金属类有毒空气污染物;第二,制定重金属类有毒空气污染物排放标准;第三,放源分类管理;第四,多污染物协同控制;第五,提升监管能力;第六,加强宣传教育,鼓励公众监督。 相似文献