青霉菌对印染废水吸附脱色及深度处理的研究

利用青霉菌P-1(Penicillium sp．)对2种染浴废水中的染料进行吸附去除，研究结果表明，吸附处理3h，黑色和红色染浴废水色度基本被去除，去除率分别达98．0％和74．5％，但去色处理后废水的CODCr值仍偏高。对去除色度的废水进一步用活性污泥进行深度处理，黑色和红色废水的CODCr去除率分别为75．9％和89．7％。青霉菌菌丝通过吸附作用从废水中抽提出的染料分子在有染料降解细菌L-1和L-2的降解池中脱色降解，菌丝吸附脱色能力得到再生。     

黄孢原毛平革菌在E段废水中的生长特性与脱色作用

利用GCMS定性分析漂白废水主要发色物质的种类，对黄孢原毛平革菌在抑制条件下的生长与脱色作用进行试验研究，结果表明，废水中各类高分子量有机污染物是形成色度的主要来源，此类物质在菌对数生长阶段被大量降解。     

偶氮染料脱色菌Lysinibacillus sp.FS1的脱色性能

从佛山某工业园印染废水处理厂曝气池中,经梯度驯化筛选出一株对多种染料具有较强脱色能力的菌株FS1,通过16S r DNA基因序列分析初步鉴定为Lysinibacillus sp.,研究了该菌株在不同营养条件(氮源、碳源、碳源浓度),不同培养条件(p H、温度、供氧条件),不同染料(甲基橙、亚甲基蓝、中性红、酸性红B)和染料浓度下的脱色性能。结果表明,该菌株的最佳脱色条件:温度30~40℃,p H 7~9,氯化铵1 g/L,葡萄糖2 g/L的厌氧条件下培养脱色效果最好,10 h时对酸性红B脱色率可达98.73%左右,且脱色过程符合一级反应动力学方程:-ln(At/A0)=0.0588t-0.0448。该菌株可降解多种染料,脱色率均随污染强度的升高先增大后减小,对高浓度染料和混合染料也表现出很好的脱色效果,是一株高效广谱的染料降解菌,具有处理印染废水的开发应用价值。     

丝瓜瓤固定化脱色菌Enterobactor sp.S8 对活性黑5的脱色

利用植物载体丝瓜瓤对肠杆菌(Enterobactor sp.S8)进行固定,并对活性黑5进行脱色研究.探讨了固定化菌体的菌龄、菌量、pH、温度对染料脱色的影响.研究了该固定化菌体的重复利用和动力学实验.结果表明,最佳脱色条件为:菌龄3d、接菌量2％、温度30℃、pH 6.0.该固定化菌体对不同初始浓度活性黑5的脱色符合二级反应动力学方程.经9次重复利用后的该固定化菌体,其脱色率仍达76.8％.在优化实验条件下,根据降解3d前后的紫外-可见光谱图分析可知,活性黑5并非完全被降解为CO2和H2O,而是生成一些小分子有机中间体.     

耐盐菌群对高含盐染料模拟废水的脱色实验研究

目前生物法处理高含盐染料废水的研究鲜有报道，实验对3种不同来源的活性污泥进行耐盐驯化，耐盐程度达到25％NaCl（w／w），用驯化得到的耐盐菌对高含盐染料K-2BP模拟废水进行厌氧脱色研究，脱色率达100％，并对其脱色机理进行了初步探讨，同时，进行了耐盐菌的脱色广谱性实验，结果表明驯化耐盐菌对所选取的13种不同结构的染料均有很高的脱色效果。研究为常规生物法应用于高含盐废水的处理提供了实验基础和理论依据。     

镁盐和炉渣对印染废水的脱色处理

实验研究了不同pH、温度：Mg2＋投量和沉降时间下,镁盐、炉渣、镁盐＋炉渣3种处理对模拟和实际印染废水的脱色效果。结果表明,在pH为11～11．5、沉降30rain、30℃及Mg2＋投加量为500～600mg／L的最优脱色条件下,3种处理对艳红FXC模拟废水的最大脱色率分别为98．41％、98．43％和99．37％,对实际印染废水的最大脱色率分别为90．18％、89．63％和93．33％,其中,镁盐＋炉渣脱色效果最好,这可能与炉渣吸附和起到协同增强Mg（OH）2沉淀效果的作用有关。对水样的液相色谱初步检测分析表明,实际废水脱色处理前后染色基团峰高和种类发生了变化。该研究对盐田富镁卤水和炉渣等废物的资源化开发有重要参考价值。     

植物载体固定化无花果曲霉对直接冻黄G的脱色研究

利用植物载体丝瓜瓤对无花果曲霉进行固定，并对直接冻黄G进行脱色研究。同时考察了不同因素如菌龄、温度、pH、转速对直接冻黄G的脱色影响。试验结果表明：三龄菌丝脱色效果最佳，该菌在30℃、pH6．0．90r／min的振荡条件下，经12h它对直接冻黄G的脱色达到最佳效果。固定化细胞经8次脱色后，脱色率仍达94％以上。因此用丝瓜瓤固定无花果曲霉对处理染料污染废水具有较好的应用前景。     

膨胀珍珠岩负载TiO2光催化脱色性能的研究

以钛酸四丁酯为原料，膨胀珍珠岩为载体，用溶胶—凝胶法制备可漂浮于水面的负载型TiO2。利用该负载型TiO2对罗丹明B(RB)进行光催化脱色实验，结果表明，浸渍3次的负载型TiO2光催化活性最高，催化剂最佳用量为500mg／100mL RB，经5h光照，对100mL浓度为1mg／L和2．5mg／LRB脱色率分别为76．67％和47．27％；该催化剂使用寿命长，25h后催化剂脱色性能没有减弱，可重复使用；经8h光照，染料废水脱色效果好。     

真菌和细菌对染料吸附脱色的高效共培养体系研究

在含有真菌G－1培养液中加入染料厂污水排放口的污泥样品，从发生快速脱色降解染料的混合培养液中分离出2株染料脱色细菌L－1和L－2，经API鉴定系统鉴定，确定菌株L－1为Enterobacter sp.，菌株L－2为Pseudomonas sp.,研究比较了单一和不同组合混合的真菌G－1菌株（Penicillium sp.)，细菌L－1菌株（Enterobacter sp.)和L－2菌株（Pseudomonas sp.)对偶氮染料红M－3BE（C.I.Reactive Red 241)和蒽醌染料艳蓝KN－R（C.I.Reactive Blue 19)的去除情况，发现G－1真菌和2种细菌组合的共培养体系对50mg/L红M－3BE和艳蓝KN－R处理5h去除率达100％和97．9％，并且是以脱色降解作用为主，建立了染料脱色降解菌的最佳组合，进一步测定了此最佳共培养体系对另外13种不同结构染料的脱色降解，结果表明，除对蒽醌染料R－478脱色降解较差外，对其他染料均可在1h-3d被完全脱色降解，表现出脱色降解染料的广谱性，向培养4d的共培养体系中依次加入8种染料，菌体可对染料连续脱色，维持脱色能力达8d左右。     

白腐真菌F1对染料脱色特性的研究

本研究从我国生物资源中筛选出一株白腐真菌F1，确定了其生长条件，实现了扩大培养，并研究了F1与黄孢原毛平革菌对4种难降解染料的脱色效果。试验结果表明：F1对中性深黄GRL、酸性媒介漂蓝B和刚果红的脱色效率都超过90％；白腐真菌能在短时间内将有毒染料酸性媒介漂蓝B降低到较低浓度；白腐真菌对染料脱色的同时，自身能够繁殖生长。     

Microbial decolorization of synthetic dyes and reactive dyes of industrial effluents by using a novel fungus Aspergillus proliferans

A decolorizing fungal strain was isolated and identified by the morphology and genotypic characterization as Aspergillus proliferans. The effect of A. proliferans on decolorization of synthetic dyes (70 mg ml(-1)) and colored effluent was evaluated in liquid culture medium. A. proliferans expressed their effective decolorization activity in effectual decolorization of synthetic dyes and industrial effluent. Synthetic dyes were decolorized by 76 to 89% within 6 days of treatment and 73.5% of color was removed in industrial effluent within 8 days. The addition of optimum carbon and nitrogen sources were effectively stimulated the decolorization activity. The high concentration of glucose repressed the decolorization activity and supplementation of yeast extract has significantly enhanced the effluent decolorization at p < 0.05. Laccase enzyme was isolated from liquid state fermentation, which showed significant enzyme activity (10,200 Uml(-1)) at p < 0.005. The crude enzyme decolorizes the dyes aniline blue and congo red in 14 hours (40.9 to 70%) and the effluent in 14 hours (88.6%). Moreover, the culture free supernatant without the fungal biomass has also effectively decolorized the effluent and synthetic dyes. The fungi Aspergillus proliferans was used not only for decolorization but also for better bioremediation of industrial effluent.     

天然高分子改性阳离子絮凝剂的合成及对工业废水的处理

以天然高分子F691粉为原料，合成了一种阳离子絮凝剂FIQ－C，考察了各种因素对合成的影响，并研究了它对工业废水的处理效果。研究结果表明，在最佳合成条件，FIQ－C具有良好的絮凝性能。FIQ－C与PAC复制便利地，对工业废水处理效果最好，废水处理后可达标排放。     

硝基氧化剂废水处理研究

用钠盐（Na2CO3和NaHCO3）作为和剂去除硝基氧化剂废水中HNO3;用尿素、Na2SO3去除NO2^-、NO3^-;加入适量的沉淀剂、络合剂、絮凝剂、助凝剂去除废水中的F^-和PO4^3-;并对处理pH值、各种药剂浓度及处理时间作了讨论,得出了最佳条件,处理后的出水达到国家污水排放标准。     

Decolorization of palm oil mill effluent using growing cultures of Curvularia clavata

Agricultural wastewater that produces color are of environmental and health concern as colored effluent can produce toxic and carcinogenic by-products. From this study, batch culture optimization using response surface methods indicated that the fungus isolated from the pineapple solid waste, Curvularia clavata was able to decolorize sterile palm oil mill effluent (POME) which is mainly associated with polyphenol and lignin. Results showed successful decolorization of POME up to 80 % (initial ADMI [American Dye Manufacturing Index] of 3,793) with 54 % contributed by biosorption and 46 % by biodegradation after 5 days of treatment. Analysis using HPLC and GC-MS showed the degradation of color causing compound such as 3-methoxyphenyl isothiocynate and the production of new metabolites. Ecotoxicity test indicated that the decolorized effluent is safe for discharge. To determine the longevity of the fungus for a prolonged decolorization period, sequential batch decolorization studies were carried out. The results showed that lignin peroxidase and laccase were the main ligninolytic enzymes involved in the degradation of color. Carboxymethyl cellulase (CMCase) and xylanase activities were also detected suggesting possible roles of the enzymes in promoting growth of the fungus which consequently contributed to improved decolorization of POME. In conclusion, the ability of C. clavata in treating color of POME indicated that C. clavata is of potential use for decolorization and degradation of agricultural wastewater containing polyphenolic compounds.     

SBR法处理麻生物脱胶废水

利用 SBR工艺处理麻生物脱胶废水 ,对 CODcr、NH3-N的降解、SBR厌氧段和处理后水是否可回用进行了研究。实验结果证明 ,当进水 CODcr 15 0 0 mg/ L左右 ,MLSS的 CODcr负荷≤ 0 .74kg/ kg· d时 ,废水各项指标均可以达到 GB8978-1996苎麻脱胶废水综合排放二级标准 ,且可回用脱胶     

白腐真菌F1对染料脱色特性的研究

本研究从我国生物资源中筛选出一株白腐真菌F1,确定了其生长条件 ,实现了扩大培养 ,并研究了F1与黄孢原毛平革菌对 4种难降解染料的脱色效果。试验结果表明 ,F1对中性深黄GRL、酸性媒介漂蓝B和刚果红的脱色效率都超过 90 % ;白腐真菌能在短时间内将有毒染料酸性媒介漂蓝B降低到较低浓度 ;白腐真菌对染料脱色的同时 ,自身能够繁殖生长。     

废铁屑处理难生物降解染料废水

研究了用废铁屑处理难生物降解的染料废水，考察了进pH值、曝气时间、固液比、铁屑粒度对废水处理效果的影响，并确定了适宜实验条件。实验证明，该法可以有效去除染料废水的色度和CODcr，在实验考察范围内，脱色率和CODcr去除率分别可达90％、61.7%。同时废水可生化性也得到了改善，BOD5／CODcr从19.6%上升到29.5%，提高了50％,有利于后续生化处理。该法以废治废，是一种很有实用价值的废水处理方法。     

Decolorization and detoxification of two textile industry effluents by the laccase/1-hydroxybenzotriazole system

The aim of this work was to determine the optimal conditions for the decolorization and the detoxification of two effluents from a textile industry—effluent A (the reactive dye bath Bezactive) and effluent B (the direct dye bath Tubantin)—using a laccase mediator system. Response surface methodology (RSM) was applied to optimize textile effluents decolorization. A Box–Behnken design using RSM with the four variables pH, effluent concentration, 1-hydroxybenzotriazole (HBT) concentration, and enzyme (laccase) concentration was used to determine correlations between the effects of these variables on the decolorization of the two effluents. The optimum conditions for pH and concentrations of HBT, effluent and laccase were 5, 1 mM, 50 % and 0.6 U/ml, respectively, for maximum decolorization of effluent A (68 %). For effluent B, optima were 4, 1 mM, 75 %, and 0.6 U/ml, respectively, for maximum decolorization of approximately 88 %. Both effluents were treated at 30 °C for 20 h. A quadratic model was obtained for each decolorization through this design. The experimental and predicted values were in good agreement and both models were highly significant. In addition, the toxicity of the two effluents was determined before and after laccase treatment using Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Bacillus cereus, and germination of tomato seeds.     

三丁基锡在河口微宇宙中的环境行为研究

首次建立了实验室河口微宇宙研究三丁基锡（TBT）在多介质环境中的行为。结果表明,进入水体的TBT将在表面微层（SM）、水体、底泥、藻等构成的悬浮物及鱼之间分配。经一定时间后该体系达稳态,此时鱼体富集大量TBT;藻等构成的悬浮物对TBT有显著吸附;底泥也是TBT归趋的重要场所;而在SM中TBT存在一定富集。同时,在各介质中TBT均存在不同程度的降解,在生物体和SM中其降解较快,而在底泥中降解较慢,降解的主要产物为二丁基锡（DBT）。