括苍山地区火山构造

括苍山火山岩区是由不同阶段、不同火山机构组成的火山构造组合体。总体的构造格局是隆起和断块。不同旋回具有不同的火山构造组合,同一旋回的火山构造类型也不甚相同。第一旋回是火山喷发一侵入穹窿;第二旋回发育三类破火山口;第三旋回由上叠式火山沉积洼地和破火山口组成;第四旋回主要为较完整的锥火山和小别破火山口。这四个旋问的火山机构呈叠瓦式和复合继承式组合,尤以叠瓦式组合为主。     

《中国东南大陆中生代火山旋回火山构造及其控矿意义》

本书反映了近年来中国东南大陆地区火山地质研究的最新成果。作者运用古生物化石组合、同位素地质年龄及构造旋回与火山活动旋回对比等综合资料，并结合基底构造、矿化分布等研究成果，对本区中生代火山活动旋回进行了划分与区域对比；提出了古火山构造类型、级别划分方案，并对各级火山构造进行了解剖；对区域火山构造基本特征以及火山旅回与火山构造的控矿意义进行了总结，提出了找矿方向的一些看法；对本区中生代火山岩形成的大地构造环境、各旋回火山活动的不同构造控制条件也作了分析与总结。本书对地质勘探探、科研、教学单位的地质人…     

浙江三界、谷来地区1/5万区域地质调查工作的主要进展

三界谷来地区主要出露中、新生代火山岩。进行 １／５万区域地质调查时，采用火山活动旋回－火山构造－火山地层－岩相、岩性－体化思路，按照同旋回火山机构或火山喷发区为单元，确定岩石地层单位和填图单元。火山岩划分为九种岩相类型，建立了两个岩相模式和一个三相一体成因模式。根据火山岩浆作用的旋回性及其产物与火山构造形迹时、空、成因一致性原理，将中、新生代火山岩浆作用分为四个火山活动旋回，圈定了相应的火山机构或火山喷发中心，建立了竹田头复活破火山演化模式。新生代玄武岩中发现二辉斜长麻粒岩等深源包体，为研究区域深部地质作用过程提供了证据。侵入岩按岩石谱系单元划分了七个岩石单元一个超单元，将侵入岩－潜火山岩－火山岩作为岩浆作用整体研究，为正确阐明岩浆作用及其演化规律奠定了基础。区域线型构造发育，与环形火山构造组合，形成火山岩区特有的线一环构造格局。中上元古界陈蔡群变质岩划分为上、下两个岩组，探讨了变质岩的原岩性质及其形成的大地构造环境。     

试论陆相火山岩区火山地层单位与划分──关于火山岩区填图单元划分的讨论

火山活动具多旋回性，一个火山活动旋回的岩浆作用产物及其形成的火山构造形迹具时空分布协调性，同一旋回的火山构造在空间上呈串珠状或并列式展布，不同旋回的火山构造在空间上呈叠置式展布；火山喷发类型与火山岩相具一致性，岩相及相序是推演古火山演化历史、恢复古火山机构的主要依据，亦是组成火山地层并且成因意义的单元；不同旋回火山机构内的火山地层层序的综合、叠置是建立区域火山地层层序的基础；火山构造是火山岩区地质构造的主要内容，以区域构造、火山构造、火山岩浆作用产物的岩相为内容的火山岩相构造图是揭示火山岩区地质构造特征的综合性图件；环形火山构造叠置与区域线形构造交织分布组成线─环形境构造格局．是火山岩区所特有的构造面貌，在火山地质图上应得到充分的体现；。根据上述认识，对陆相火山岩区作为火山地层填图单元的岩石地层单位群─组─段─层划分提出了方案，建议用旋回─组─岩相─层（即火山构造─组─岩相─层）四级作为火山地层划分单位和填图单元，其中旋回火山构造一致，组与火山机构演化阶段一致，岩相与火山喷发类型一致，层为岩相内容的补充。据此填制的火山地质图才能真正成为反映火山岩浆作用及其产物的特色和具普遍意义的图件。     

溧水构造—火山凹陷——火山构造类型和火山活动演化模式

本文旨在论述溧水构造—火山凹陷的火山构造类型,并在此基础上,探讨火山构造的成因,重塑本区中生代火山活动及火山构造的演化模式。 地质概况 “构造—火山凹陷”,是指那些经历过多期或多旋回区域构造作用和火山活动,具有中央复合隆起,四周为断裂围限的大型凹陷。 溧水构造—火山凹陷(图1)属于长江中下游火山岩带的一部分。东缘以北北东向茅山东侧断裂与“溧阳凹陷”为界,西缘以北北东向方山一小丹阳断裂与“宁芜断裂”陷     

运用火山地质学理论研究竹田头火山机构

系采用火山活动旋回-火山构造-火山地层-岩性、岩相一体化思路对浙东谷来地区的竹田头复活破火山机构进行地质填图的一些认识,主要有如下五点:1.采用火山旋回-火山构造-火山地层-岩性、岩相一体化思路在火山岩区进行地质填图,取得了很好的地质效果;2.区域火山地层层序的厘定,首先应在同一旋回的火山机构内,测制剖面,厘定火山地层层序,而后把不同旋回火山机构内的地层层序叠置,建立区域综合地层层序,在此基础上,确定岩石地层单位和填图单元;3.划分岩相,建立相序,是推演古火山演化历史,建立演化模式的有效途径;4.线形构造与环形火山构造组合形成的线-环构造格局,是火山岩区地质构造的重要特征;5.在火山岩区用火山地层组-段-岩性填制的地质图,实质上是一种实际材料图,只有以火山旋回-火山构造-火山地层-岩相为内容的火山岩相构造图,才能正确反映火山岩区的地质构造特点,揭示火山岩的成因,追溯古火山演化历史,恢复古火山面貌.     

中国东南沿海中生代火山作用基本特征

中国东南沿海自晚侏罗世到白垩纪火山活动分为二期、四个旋回,在空间上有迁移性,在时间上与侵入活动呈交替式演变。建立火山碎屑流等五种岩相模式,岩浆爆发占主导地位,同时存在蒸气岩浆爆发。确定破火山口、火山穹隆和锥火山为火山构造基本类型。由火山作用与区域构造作用、沉积作用控制形成火山沉积洼地、火山构造洼地和火山构造隆起。提出不同类型火山构造组合形式和相互演化关系。火山岩系列属高钾钙碱系列,晚期则具双模式性质。它们的地球化学型式兼具大陆边缘和大陆板内双重特性。     

庐枞火山沉陷火山杂岩化学特征

庐(江)枞(阳)火山沉陷,位于长江中下游沿江火山岩带的中部。该区概略地质填图(图1)表明,这一长达45公里、宽约40公里的盆状火山沉陷,实际上是一个经历了两次喷发—沉陷—复活隆起旋回的复合型沉陷构造。火山活动发生于晚侏罗世至早白垩世,并可划分为盘石岭、塔猫尖、孙家畈、双庙及浮山五个喷发旋回。强烈的复活     

江西广丰岭底早白垩世破火山口地质和地球化学特征及其构造意义

本文对江西广丰岭底早白垩世破火山口进行了全面研究,选择军潭山—岭底实测火山旋回地质剖面作为该火山口基准剖面,厘定了该火山机构早白垩世中墩组第三旋回火山岩地层及其与晚期火山活动侵入的花岗斑岩的关系,划分了火山岩岩相类型、组合;对基准剖面采集样品进行测试分析,通过地层、岩相、岩石学及地球化学等方面的研究,讨论了火山岩相与火山喷发类型的成因机制,探讨了母岩浆性质、起源及火山—侵入作用的构造环境。研究认为,岭底火山岩为铝质A型流纹岩,形成于以挤压为主并转向拉张的构造环境,为进一步研究铜钹山花岗质火山—侵入杂岩及区域岩浆构造演化提供了地质依据。     

桐庐火山-构造洼地基本特征及演化

“火山—构造洼地”指受火山作用与区域构造作用双重控制而形成的一种大型负向火山构造。区域构造作用集中体现在:断裂构造为岩浆上升和早期火山喷发提供了通道,在火山-构造洼地内形成与区域构造线方向一致的,由不同数目火山机构组成的裂隙-中心式火山喷发带;断块沉陷基本上限定了火山喷发物的堆积范围,使洼地边界显示一定线性几何形态特征。洼地底部,通常有沉陷初期形成的内陆湖盆相沉积;其上火山岩广覆,它们可以是同一旋回产物,也可是多旋回产物迭加。     

EDTA-enhanced phytoremediation of lead contaminated soil by Bidens maximowicziana

Phytoremediation is a potential cleanup technology for the removal of heavy metals from contaminated soils.Bidens maximowicziana is a new Pb hyperaccumulator,which not only has remarkable tolerance to Pb but also extraordinary accumulation capacity for Pb.The maximum Pb concentration was 1509.3 mg/kg in roots and 2164.7 mg/kg in overground tissues.The Pb distribution order in the B. maximowicziana was:leaf>stem>root.The effect of amendments on phytoremediation was also studied.The mobility of soil Pb and the Pb concentrations in plants were both increased by EDTA application.Compared with CK(control check),EDTA application promoted translocation of Pb to overground parts of the plant.The Pb concentrations in overground parts of plants was increased from 24.23-680.56 mg/kg to 29.07-1905.57 mg/kg.This research demonstrated that B.maximowicziana appeared to be suitable for phytoremediation of Pb contaminated soil,especially,combination with EDTA.     

Distribution and ecological effect of mercury in Laogang landfill, Shanghai, China

Laogang landfill near Shanghai is the largest landfill in China, and receives about 10000 t of daily garbage per day, Samples of topsoil and plants were analyzed to evaluate mercury pollution from the landfill. For topsoil samples, there were significant correlations among total mercury （HgT）, combinative mercury （Hgc） and gaseous mercury （HgG）, and content of total organic carbon （TOC）, but, no significantly relationship was found between Hg content and filling time. Hg content changes in vertical profiles with time showed that the average Hgv of profiles 1992, 1996, and 2000 was similar, but their average HgG was quite different. HgT was significantly correlated with Hgc in profile 1992 and 2000, and Hgv was significantly correlated with Hg6 in profile 1996. HgG/Hgv ratio in profile samples decreased in the order of （HgG,/HgT）1992〉（HgG/HgT）1996〉〉（HgG/HgT）2000. A simple outline of Hg release in landfill could be drawn： with increasing of filling time, degradation undergoes different biodegradation, accordingly, gaseous mercury goes through small, more, and small proportion to total mercury. Distribution of Hg in plants was inhomogeneous, following the order of leaf〉root〉stem. The highest value of leaf may be associated with higher atmospheric Hg from landfill. Ligneous plants （e.g. Phyllostachys glanca, Prunus salicina and Ligustrum lucidum） are capable of enriching more Hg than herbaceous plants.     

Toxic effects of acetochlor, methamidophos and their combination on nifH gene in soil

Toxic effects of two agrochemicals on nifH gene in agricultural black soil were investigated using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis （DGGE） and sequencing approaches in a microcosm experiment. Changes of soil nifH gene diversity and composition were examined following the application of acetochlor, methamidophos and their combination. Acetochlor reduced the nifH gene diversity （both in gene richness and diversity index values） and caused changes in the nifH gene composition. The effects of acetochlor on nifH gene were strengthened as the concentration of acetochlor increased. Cluster analysis of DGGE banding patterns showed that nifH gene composition which had been affected by low concentration of acetochlor （50 mg/kg） recovered firstly. Methamidophos reduced nifH gene richness that except at 4 weeks. The medium concentration of methamidophos （150 mg/kg） caused the most apparent changes in nifH gene diversity at the first week while the high concentration of methamidophos （250 mg/kg） produced prominent effects on nifH gene diversity in the following weeks. Cluster analysis showed that minimal changes of nifH gene composition were found at 1 week and maximal changes at 4 weeks. Toxic effects of acetochlor and methamidophos combination on nifH gene were also apparent. Different nifH genes （bands） responded differently to the impact of agrochemicals： four individual bands were eliminated by the application of the agrochemicals, five bands became predominant by the stimulation of the agrochemicals, and four bands showed strong resistance to the influence of the agrochemicals. Fifteen prominent bands were partially sequenced, yielding 15 different nifH sequences, which were used for phylogenetic reconstructions. All sequences were affiliated with the alpha- and beta-proteobacteria, showing higher similarity to eight different diazotrophic genera.     

Enzymatic oxidation of aqueous pentachlorophenol

The influence of the nonionic surfactant Tween 80 on pentachlorophenol （PCP） oxidation catalyzed by horseradish peroxidase was studied. The surfactant was tested at concentrations below and above its critical micelle concentration （CMC）. Enhancement of PCP removal was observed at sub-CMCs. The presence of Tween 80 in the reaction mixture reduced enzyme inactivation which occurred through a combination of free radical attack and sorption by precipitated products. A simple first-order model was able to simulate time profiles for enzyme inactivation in the presence or absence of Tween 80. At supra-CMCs, the surfactant caused noticeable reductions in PCP removal, presumably through micelle partitioning of PCP which precluded the hydrophobic PCP molecule from interacting with the enzyme.     

Decomposition of alachlor by ozonation and its mechanism

Decomposition and corresponding mechanism of alachlor, an endocrine disruptor in water by ozonation were investigated. Results showed that alachlor could not be completely mineralized by ozone alone. Many intermediates and final products were formed during the process, including aromatic compounds, aliphatic carboxylic acids, and inorganic ions. In evoluting these products, some of them with weak polarity were qualitatively identified by GC-MS. The information of inorganic ions suggested that the dechlorination was the first and the fastest step in the ozonation of alachlor.     

Arsenic uptake by arbuscular mycorrhizal maize （Zea mays L.） grown in an arsenic-contaminated soil with added phosphorus

The effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungus (Glomus mosseae) and phosphorus (P) addition (100 mg/kg soil) on arsenic (As) uptake by maize plants (Zea mays L.) from an As-contaminated soil were examined in a glasshouse experiment.Non-mycorrhizal and zero-P addition controls were included.Plant biomass and concentrations and uptake of As,P,and other nutrients,AM colonization,root lengths,and hyphal length densities were determined.The results indicated that addition of P significantly inhibited root colonization and development of extraradical mycelium.Root length and dry weight both increased markedly with mycorrhizal colonization under the zero-P treatments,but shoot and root biomass of AM plants was depressed by P application.AM fungal inoculation decreased shoot As concentrations when no P was added,and shoot and root As concentrations of AM plants increased 2.6 and 1.4 times with P addition,respectively.Shoot and root uptake of P,Mn,Cu,and Zn increased,but shoot Fe uptake decreased by 44.6%,with inoculation, when P was added.P addition reduced shoot P,Fe,Mn,Cu,and Zn uptake of AM plants,but increased root Fe and Mn uptake of the nonmycorrhizal ones.AM colonization therefore appeared to enhance plant tolerance to As in low P soil,and have some potential for the phytostabilization of As-contaminated soil,however,P application may introduce additional environmental risk by increasing soil As mobility.     

Degradation of metabolites accumulated of benzo[a]pyrene by coupling Penicillium Chrysogenum with KMnO4

Several main metabolites of benzo[a]pyrene （BaP） formed by Penicillium chrysogenum, Benzo[a]pyrene-1,6-quinone （BP 1,6- quinone）, trans-7,8-dihydroxy-7,8-dihydrobenzo[a]pyrene （BP 7,8-diol）, 3-hydroxybenzo[a]pyrene （3-OHBP）, were identified by high-performance liquid chromatography （HPLC）. The three metabolites were liable to be accumulated and were hardly further metabolized because of their toxicity to microorganisms. However, their further degradation was essential for the complete degradation of BaP. To enhance their degradation, two methods, degradation by coupling Penicillium chrysogenum with KMnO4 and degradation only by Penicillium chrysogenum, were compared; Meanwhile, the parameters of degradation in the superior method were optimized. The results showed that （1） the method of coupling Penicillium chrysogenum with KMnO4 was better and was the first method to be used in the degradation of BaP and its metabolites; （2） the metabolite, BP 1,6-quinone was the most liable to be accumulated in pure cultures; （3） the effect of degradation was the best when the concentration of KMnO4 in the cultures was 0.01% （w/v）, concentration of the three compounds was 5 mg/L and pH was 6.2. Based on the experimental results, a novel concept with regard to the bioremediation of BaP-contaminated environment was discussed, considering the influence on environmental toxicity of the accumulated metabolites.     

Impact of atrazine and nitrogen fertilizers on the sorption of chlorotoluron in soil and model sorbents

Sorption of chlorotoluron in ammonium sulfate, urea and atrazine multi-solutes system was investigated by batch experiments. The results showed application of nitrogen fertilizers to the soil could affect the behavior of chlorotoluron. At the same concentration of N, sorption of chlorotoluron decreased as the concentration of atrazine increased on the day 0 and 6 in soil, respectively. The sorption of chlorotoluron increased from 0 to 6 d when soils were preincubated with deionized water, ammonium sulfate and urea solution for 6 d. That indicated incubation time was one of the most important factors for the sorption of chlorotoluron in nitrogen fertilizers treatments. The individual sorption isotherms of chlorotoluron in rubbery polymer and silica were strictly linear in single solute system, but there were competition sorption between pesticides or between pesticides and nitrogen fertilizers. That indicated the sorption taken place by concurrent solid-phase dissolution mechanism and sorption on the interface of water-organic matter or water-mineral matter.     

基于综合水质标识指数和对应分析法的校园河道水质评价

以三峡大学的校园河道求索溪为研究对象,利用综合水质标识指数法确定求索溪水质类别,分析其水质时空变化规律,并利用对应分析法得出求索溪中不同监测点的主要污染因子.研究结果表明:求索溪整体的综合水质标识指数为7.423,整体水质为劣V类(地表水环境质量标准GB 3838-2002)且黑臭.从时间变化来看,求索溪4月份的水质最差,5月份次之,4、5月份所有监测点的水质都劣于V类且黑臭;8月份水质最好,水质为Ⅳ类;从空间分布来看,8个监测点综合水质标识指数均超过6.0,水质为劣V类,其中6号监测点的水质相对最好,监测点3号的水质相对最差;对应分析法得出求索溪的整体水体污染程度受总氮因子的影响最大,其次为总磷.该研究拟为求索溪及类似校园河道的水环境治理研究提供基础依据和参考.     

Effects of chitosan on growth of an aquatic plant (Hydrilla verticillata) in polluted waters with different chemical oxygen demands

Effects of chitosan on a submersed plant, Hydrilla verticillata, were investigated. Results indicated that H. venicillata could prevent ultrastructure phytotoxicities and oxidativereaction from polluted water with high chemical oxygen demand (COD). Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents in H. verticillata treated with 0.1% chitosan in wastewater increased with high COD (980 mg/L) and decreased with low COD (63 mg/L), respectively. Ultrastructural analysis showed that the stroma and grana of chloroplast basically remained normal. However, plant cells from the control experiment (untreated with chitosan) were vacuolated and the cell interval increased. The relict of protoplast moved to the center, with cells tending to disjoint. Our findings indicate that wastewater with high COD concentration can cause a substantial damage to submersed plant, nevertheless, chitosan probably could alleviate the membrane lipid peroxidization and ultrastructure phytotoxicities, and protect plant cells from stress of high COD concentration polluted water.