带缺口筒形件冲压工艺及模具设计

此文围绕一个带有四个矩形缺口的圆筒形拉伸件的冲压工艺及模具设计,详尽分析了其变形规律、毛坯形状及尺寸的确定、拉伸模设计时碰到的问题及解决方法等。对类似零件的加工有较大的参考价值     

带轮毂直齿圆柱齿轮精锻的变形分析

此文对空心坯料精锻带轮毂直齿圆柱齿轮工艺进行了模拟实验,并以座标网格法着重对精锻终了阶段进行了变形分析,获得了金属流动规律,提出了对制订精锻工艺有参数价值的结论。     

等壁厚挤压工艺及变形趋向性研究

本文对挤压时金属的稳定流动进行了系统的工艺分析,提出按等壁厚原则进行挤压件和工艺设计的基本方法,指出建立等壁厚的工艺条件,旨在控制金属变形通道一致而不出现最窄变形域,这是确保金属稳定流动和获得优良挤压制品的重要工艺措施;引用形状因素,对复合挤压时的金属流动规律进行的讨论接近真实变形过程。     

挤压异形铜管

此文堤出以断面对称性和几何形状为要素,从生产技术角度对挤压异形铜管建立了分类;结合理论研究和生产实践,论述了挤压异形铜管时金属的流动;总结了异形管挤压工艺要点,从工具报废的主要形式为工具设计提出了提示。     

挤压金属的流动理论(2)

五复合挤压金属流动的规律复合挤压的变形规律比较复杂,研究的资料也很少。即使在一些有影响的著专中,也只是几句话一带而过,避而不谈。根据挤压金属的流动理论,下面对复合挤压的变形规律进行研究。在进行这种整体的流动规律研究时,假设挤压金属流体为理想流体,即不考虑流体的粘性。并且设备为靠上凸模运动挤压毛坯的单动立式压力机。     

挤压变形力的实验研究及理论分析

此文对轴对称杯杆形零件进行了复合挤压的实验研究,根据其变形规律及金属流动特点,提出了金属流动模型,并用上限法理论进行了分析、计算。理论计算值与实验测定值能较好地符合。     

应用UBET模拟环形件金属流动及毛坯尺寸优化

利用上限单元法(UBET)数值模拟了自行车飞轮外壳的成形过程.优化出模锻自行车飞轮外壳的圆环毛坯尺寸.研究了环形件金属的流动规律和过程.并且用实验验证优化出的毛坯尺寸.试验结果与优化结果基本吻合.     

挤压金属的流动理论(Ⅱ)

根据挤压金属的变形特点和流体力学理论,本文提出了挤压金属的流动的理论,并以此对挤压金属的变形规律进行了广泛的、定量的研究。从理论上阐明了:挤压体工艺设计的通道递减性原则;挤压金属自由端按空间二次曲面及对数曲面的流动规律;复合挤压时,挤压金属向上和向下流动速度相等的变形规律,并且给出了计算各种复合挤压变形规律的统一公式。由挤压金属的流动理论推导出的结论与挤压工艺现象及实测数据相符。     

圆杯—多边形杆复合挤压的上限研究

此文采用三次多项式表示的流线速度场和基元圆环技术相结合的混合流动模型对国杯—多边形截面杆型复合挤压进行了上限分析,得到挤压力的上限解,分析了杆部截面形状对复合挤压分流点位置及变形力的影响规律并对理论计算进行了实验验证.     

弯曲工艺经验公式的研讨

一、引言弯曲是把平板毛坯、型材或管材等弯成一定的曲率,一定的角度形成一定形状零件的冲压工序。弯曲工艺尤其是板料弯曲工艺在工业生产及日常生活中应用十分广泛。其工艺参数的计算确定对工艺成败影响很大。     

超塑成形定时凸轮塑料模型腔

此文介绍了采用Zn-22％Al超塑合金超塑成形出一般加工方法难以制造的定时凸轮塑料注射模型腔,具有周期短、成本低、质量高等特点。     

Modelling feeding flow related shrinkage defects in aluminum castings

The process modelling of shape casting is geometrically complex and computationally very challenging. Besides the three-dimensional complex shapes with multiple domains, the defects of interest to industry arise as a consequence of the interaction amongst a range of phenomena. Conventionally, the key phenomena and defect prediction are modelled through empirical relations applied to the simulation results. Such approaches are neither comprehensive nor reliable. This paper presents a 3-D model that is capable of predicting the formation of shrinkage defects explicitly as a function of the interacting continuum phenomena, i.e. free surface flow, heat transfer, and solidification, in complex three-dimensional geometries which allows to identify the distinction between surface depression, surface connected cavities and internal cavities.The model solves the coupled macroscopic conservation equations for mass, momentum, and energy with a phase change during solidification. In the model, the volume deficit due to solidification can either be compensated by depression of the outside surface or by creating a cavity that initiates either on the surface or in the interior of the casting. The solidification morphology is taken into account by using a parameter, which depends on the fraction solid, in the momentum equation. By using an adapted free surface algorithm, it is suitable to predict surface connected defects: depressed surfaces and caved surfaces. A critical pressure serves as a criterion to open internal shrinkage cavities. The model does not need to search for connected zones to feed shrinkage, but the shrinkage distribution will automatically emerge from the continuity equation.This advanced shrinkage model has experimentally been validated successfully using two Al-Si alloys, a skin freezing eutectic alloy and a mushy freezing hypo-eutectic alloy.     

模拟高低空交变环境下30CrMnSiNi2A钢力学性能研究

目的研究30CrMnSiNi2A钢制腔体的力学性能影响及演化规律。方法借助高低温低气压试验和中性盐雾试验交替进行,模拟高低空交替变化的腐蚀环境。通过比较静力拉伸试验和疲劳试验的结果,进一步揭示预腐蚀对静力拉伸性能和疲劳性能的影响。结果经过预腐蚀处理,30CrMnSiNi2A钢制腔体的力学抗拉强度下降了0.73%,规定塑延伸强度上升了0.04%,断后伸长率下降了0.95%。疲劳寿命数据与对数疲劳寿命数据均符合正态分布,未发生明显变化。结论高低空交变环境下,腔体内部会发生一定程度的腐蚀,但由于腐蚀程度较小,对30CrMnSiNi2A钢力学性能影响不大。     

直齿轮成形数值模拟及实验研究

此文针对塑性挤压成形直齿轮时,齿端局部的充角比较困难的问题提出了两种解决方案:一是采取一定的工艺措施,尽量减少单纯为了局部充角而产生的塑性变形;二是制造多向流动的成形环境,使材料的多向流动改变局部充角时的应力状态。为了比较准确的掌握各工艺参数之间的关系,此文采用了上限元法(UBET)对直齿轮的挤压成形过程进行了正-反向模拟并且进行了优化计算。此文用工业纯铅对m=3,Z=18的直齿轮进行了实验。     

Computer aided injection moulding process analysis of polyvinyl alcohol-starch green biodegradable polymer compound

This study aims to investigate the injection moulding processability of polyvinyl alcohol (PVOH) blending with starch as biodegradable polymer compound. The PVOH-starch polymer compound can be used to produce environmental friendly plastic products. In this study, the injection moulding processability of PVOH-starch compound was computational analyzed by Moldflow^® software. A name tag article design was chosen to determine the appropriate processing parameters of PVOH blending with 50 wt.% (PPV55) and 60 wt.% (PPV46) of starch. The processing behaviour for both compositions of PVOH-starch compounds was characterized according to injection temperature and pressure, volumetric shrinkage and frozen layer fraction. Moldflow^® simulation outcomes exhibited that PPV55 required a higher injection pressure than PPV46. Meanwhile, the simulation outcomes also showed that the volumetric shrinkage of PPV55 is higher than PPV46. Both PPV46 and PPV55 require at least 20 s holding time to achieve stable production.     

Magnetic pulse welding: Interface of Al/Cu joint and investigation of intermetallic formation effect on the weld features

This paper attempts to highlight emerging issues when joining dissimilar metal pairs by magnetic pulse welding. For this purpose, joint of Al/Cu and Al/Al welded with the same parameters are compared. Al/Cu combination involves a formation of an interfacial intermetallic phase whereas Al/Al joint is bonded by metal continuity at the interface. The intermetallic is found to be amorphous, nanoporous, and damaged by a multi-directional cracks. The formation of such features is respectively explained by a melting confined at the interface followed by high rate cooling, cavitation phenomenon and solidification shrinkage. Mechanical characterizations of the Al/Cu joint show brittle fracture at the interface with fragmentation of the [0] intermetallics (glass type rupture). The intermetallic defects such as pores and cracks strongly reduce the breaking load level when compared to the Al/Al case. On the other hand, the Al/Al joint shows ductile fracture with plastic deformation of the interface.     

收缩情境下城市土地利用及其生态系统服务的研究进展

随着国际国内社会经济环境的变化,城市收缩这一新现象逐渐在我国部分城市区域空间中呈现,成为未来新型城镇化转型的挑战之一。在简要梳理城市收缩相关文献的基础上,以土地利用为主线,重点关注收缩情景下的土地利用模拟及其政策、空置土地与城市生态系统服务等方面的相关研究。研究结果表明：（1）当前对城市收缩问题的研究主要集中于人口变动和经济发展维度,对由此引发的土地利用以及生态系统变化关注较少。（2）土地利用模拟在分析和预测收缩情境下的城市土地利用变化上具有较大价值,但不同模型适用于不同研究情景,复合模型将具有更好的解释力。（3）土地利用政策的制定和实施应充分考虑经济社会各方面诉求,绿色空间存储制度是促进收缩城市可持续发展的有力措施。（4）城市收缩产生的空置土地为发展生态系统服务提供了空间,应发展适用于我国城市收缩的生态系统服务评估方法。在我国城镇化进入“存量模式”甚至“减量模式”的背景下,应加大对城市收缩情景下土地利用和生态系统维度的研究,要积极借鉴并整合资源科学、地理学、生态学、管理科学和城市规划等相关学科的研究方法,并紧密结合我国当前城市发展和空间规划所面临的现实问题,促进城市收缩研究的方法创新和收缩城市的可持续发展。     

Characterisation of aggregate notch cavity formation properties on abrasive waterjet cut surfaces

Aggregate induced notch cavity formations were observed to have formed on the surface of abrasive waterjet cut edges. The secondary micro-machining effect of the abrasive waterjet has been observed to plastically deform grains in proximity to the cut-edge. This interaction governs the operative mechanism of material removal and resulted in the formation of notch cavities on the cut surface. Controlling the traverse cutting speed was found to be critical towards influencing kerf perpendicularity which influences the characteristics and quantity of notch cavity features and the deposition of nanometer sized particles of aggregate. It is shown that the surface waviness properties are reduced as the traverse speed is increased and there is an association between the surface properties and the plastic deformation of the microstructure.     

发动机缸体开裂失效分析

目的研究发动机缸体出现开裂失效原因。方法通过化学成分分析、力学性能分析、断口扫描分析、显微组织分析、能谱分析及低倍缺陷分析测试手段,对发动机缸体的开裂模式及失效原因进行分析。结果发动机缸体原材料中Si元素超标,导致晶界析出较多的Al Si Cu及Al2Cu脆性相,在开裂区域组织存在过热过烧现象,两个原因导致组织晶间结合力大大降低。同时,在开裂区域存在热节效应,低倍疏松和缩孔较集中的现象,为热裂纹形成及继续扩展提供了有利条件。结论通过不断改进设计工艺,控制原材料成分及调节浇注参数,大大减小了热裂纹出现概率,在后序批量生产中,未发现类似失效样件。     

人口收缩背景下资源型城市住宅价格的差异化响应及影响因素

以中国人口收缩现象突出的资源型城市为例,分析了2005年以来案例城市人口和住宅价格的时空演变特征,从住宅价格增幅和增速两个方面比较了人口收缩期内案例城市住宅价格的差异化响应特征,通过灰色关联模型分析了住宅价格差异化响应的影响因素。结果表明：（1）中国资源型城市人口收缩现象呈加剧态势,但人口收缩期内90%的资源型城市住宅价格呈上升态势,仅黑龙江东部、甘肃西北部、山西中部等少数资源型城市住宅价格小幅下降。（2）人口收缩背景下资源型城市住宅价格响应强度差异明显。相比之下,高强度响应等级以人口中期收缩的资源型城市、衰退型与成熟型煤炭资源城市、边境与省际边缘区资源型城市为主。（3）大部分资源型城市的人口收缩和住宅价格响应关联并不紧密,其他影响因素与住宅价格响应的关联相对更为紧密,并随着住宅价格响应强度的不同存在显著差异。