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采用折流式旋转填料床处理含氮废水,考察了各因素对吹脱率、传质系数及气相压降的影响、实验结果表明:在pH为10左右、温度为20℃、废水中氨质量浓度为10366mg/L、气体流星为160m^3/h、液体流晕为60L/h、转述为800r/min的条件下,吹脱率为92%,传质系数为3.46kmol/(m^3·s);折流式旋转填料床的气相压降显著低于其他旋转填料床,且湿床压降低于干床压降;获得了折流式旋转填料床的传质系数和气相压降的回归方程,可分别计算折流式旋转填料床的传质系数和气相压降,考察传质性能和流体力学性能。 相似文献
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以某日化企业在生产过程中产生的洗涤剂废水为处理对象,以接触氧化法为核心工艺,比较了悬挂式组合填料和移动床生物膜反应器(MBBR)悬浮填料对洗涤剂废水的处理效果。实验结果表明:悬挂式组合填料和MBBR悬浮填料的挂膜启动时间分别为13,25 d;当悬挂式组合填料反应器的DO为4.0 mg/L时,COD和LAS的去除率分别为84.33%和89.06%;当MBBR悬浮填料反应器的DO为3.0 mg/L时,COD和LAS的去除率分别为82.54%和90.31%;当MBBR悬浮填料反应器的COD容积负荷为0.5~1.3 kg/(m3·d)时,平均COD去除率为83.91%,继续增大COD容积负荷,COD去除率仍能保持在80%以上;MBBR悬浮填料在COD的高效降解及高浓度有机废水的处理方面优于悬挂式组合填料。 相似文献
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改性填料对移动床生物膜反应器性能的影响 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
分别选取3种不同柱状悬浮填料,采用两级好氧移动床生物膜反应器处理低浓度化工废水。实验结果表明,在平均有机负荷为1.67 kg/(m~3·d)、废水pH为7.5~7.8、温度为32~33℃、HRT为8 h、第一级反应器DO为0.5~1.0 mg/L、第二级反应器DO为1.5~2.0 mg/L的条件下,A型悬浮填料(添加改性剂和微量元素、φ10 mm×10 mm)、B型悬浮填料(添加改性剂和微量元素、φ25 mm×10 mm)和C型悬浮填料(无添加剂、φ10 mm×10 mm)的COD平均去除率分别为82.2%、81.8%和70.6%。 相似文献
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升流式厌氧污泥床处理抗生素制药废水 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
采用升流式厌氧污泥床(UASB)反应器处理抗生素制药废水。实验结果表明:进水COD为9 300mg/L、容积负荷为9.3kg/(m3.d)时,COD去除率仍在80%以上;在COD∶ρ(SO42-)=6、进水ρ(SO42-)为1 500mg/L以下时,COD去除率一直保持在80%以上,SO42-去除率始终在23%以下。SO24-的存在对产甲烷菌影响不大,UASB反应器运行稳定。UASB反应器产沼气的产气率达0.48m3/kg,沼气中甲烷体积分数为68%,二氧化碳体积分数为27%,产甲烷菌具有较高的活性。 相似文献
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开发了新型空气流体振荡器用于曝气系统,将进入曝气器的稳定流变为振荡流,以标准氧总传质系数为指标,考察了曝气盘类型、振荡器反馈通道长度、空气流量等因素对曝气溶氧效率的影响,并通过Fluent软件模拟振荡器内部流场,分析振荡原理。结果表明,流体在振荡器内产生稳定附壁现象,控制端对流体的压力作用使其流向产生周期性切换,从而产生流体振荡效果。在振荡器反馈通道长度10.5 cm、空气流量10.0 L/min的条件下,相对于稳定流,三元乙丙橡胶(EPDM)微孔曝气盘振荡流可使标准氧总传质系数提升114.6%。振荡流通过增大气泡密度和减少气泡兼并行为来减小气泡尺寸,振荡流的气泡平均尺寸相较于稳定流降低了42.6%。 相似文献
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用硅橡胶平板复合膜处理高浓度含酚废水,测定了体系的总传质系数(Kov),分析了温度、盐离子强度、跨膜压差(△p)、膜厚度对Kov的影响。实验结果表明:Kov随温度的升高而呈线性增加,传质通量与温度的关系符合Arrhenius方程;当△p〈0.1MPa时,Kov与压力无关;当△p〉0.1MPa时,压差升高可提高传质系数,但会导致膜的致密化;离子强度改变了苯酚在相间的分配系数,进而影响传质过程;膜厚度降低能有效提高膜的Kov;在膜活性皮层厚度4μm、pH12.5~13.0、温度323.15K、废水流量1205mL/min、废水中苯酚质量浓度7.78g/L、无压差和离子强度的条件下,运行8h后,Kov为16.1×10^-7m/s。 相似文献
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采用模拟含氮废水对自行设计制作的A/O生物膜反应器进行脱氮性能研究。研究结果表明:在水温为20~23℃、水力停留时间为18h、进水总氮质量浓度为61~78m g/L、曝气量为25L/min、进水COD分别为110~165m g/L和205~272m g/L的条件下,废水的COD去除率均在90%以上,硝化率分别为98%和95%,总氮去除率分别为50%和78%。采用荧光原位杂交技术对反应器各区域中的硝化细菌进行了检测。结果表明,反应器中的硝化菌主要为亚硝化螺菌属和硝化螺菌属,有少量亚硝化单胞菌属和硝化杆菌属存在。亚硝化菌和硝化菌在好氧区数量相对较多,在缺氧区数量相对较少。 相似文献
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研究了微氧条件下两级膨胀颗粒污泥床反应器对焦化废水的处理。实验结果表明:一、二级反应器的氧化还原电位在0~+15mV和+60~+80mV时系统对COD和NH3-N的去除率均为90%,系统出水COD和NH3-N质量浓度分别为100~150m g/L和20m g/L;在运行过程中未添加碱和碳源的条件下,两级反应器出水硝酸盐氮和亚硝酸盐氮的平均质量浓度分别为5m g/L和144m g/L,说明出水亚硝酸盐积累明显。颗粒污泥微氧条件下的累计产甲烷量比厌氧条件下增加了一倍多。 相似文献
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基于FLUENT软件,对油田高含盐污水的雾化蒸发过程进行了数值模拟,得到了逆流型雾化蒸发塔内的流场分布特性,对比分析了不同操作参数对蒸发效果的影响。结果表明:液滴蒸发速率沿塔体中心轴线自上而下呈加快趋势;进口空气流速与温度是影响液滴蒸发的关键操作参数,提高流速及温度均可加快液滴的蒸发速率;当进口空气流速达到0.4 m/s后,对蒸发速率的影响减弱;当进口空气温度达到313 K后,对蒸发速率的提高作用不大;喷雾锥角的变化对蒸发速率影响不明显;液滴越细化,蒸发速率越快。 相似文献
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在阐述环境污染转移的概念及其主要表现形式的基础上。对我国环境污染转移的原因进行了深入分析,并提出了合理可行的解决对策。 相似文献
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Maria Nowakowska Monika Sterzel Krzysztof Szczubiałka 《Journal of Polymers and the Environment》2006,14(1):59-64
Novel water-soluble polymeric photosensitizers based on a natural polymer, naphthalene-modified hydroxyethylcellulose (HENC),
were obtained and used for the photooxidation of cyanide. The reaction leads to the formation of cyanate. The process occurs
via photoinduced electron transfer from CN− to the naphthalene or naphthoquinone polymeric chromophores. The kinetics of the reaction depend on the degree of substitution
of HENC, its concentration, and pH of the solution. The polymers can be easily removed after reaction as prolonged irradiation
leads to their photodegradation. 相似文献
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Aya Yoshida Atsushi Terazono Toshiya Aramaki Keisuke Hanaki 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2005,7(1):8-15
China has been the largest importer of secondary materials for recycling from Japan during the past decade. In this study, we analyzed the transfer of major secondary materials (plastic, steel, copper, and aluminum scrap) from Japan to China. We identified specific destinations for secondary materials, and the characteristics of secondary materials transferred to China. The major destination for the transfer of secondary materials to China is Guangdong province and part of the Huadong area (Shanghai, Zhejiang, and Jiangsu). Most scrap metal imported into China is of low quality. The destinations of most high-quality nonferrous scrap, imported as processed goods on consignment or through the transit improvement trade, are the northeast border provinces, especially Xinjiang Uighur province. The coefficients of specialization for Chinese cities were different from those for the provinces. Guangdong shows an average recycling structure for China. The structure gradually changes from south to north. 相似文献
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Peter Grathwohl 《Waste management (New York, N.Y.)》2014,34(5):908-918
Column leaching tests are closer to natural conditions than batch shaking tests and in the last years have become more popular for assessing the release potential of pollutants from a variety of solids such as contaminated soils, waste, recycling and construction materials. Uncertainties still exist regarding equilibration of the percolating water with the solids, that might potentially lead to underestimation of contaminant concentrations in the effluent. The intention of this paper is to show that equilibration of pore water in a finite bath is fundamentally different from release of a certain fraction of the pollutant from a sample and that equilibrium is reached much faster at low liquid-to-solid ratios typical for column experiments (<0.25) than in batch tests with much higher liquid-to-solid ratios (e.g. 2–10). Two mass transfer mechanisms are elucidated: First-order type release (film diffusion) and intraparticle diffusion. For the latter, mass transfer slows down with time and sooner or later non-equilibrium conditions are observed at the column outlet after percolation has been started. Time scales of equilibrium leaching can be estimated based on a comparison of column length with the length of the mass transfer zone, which is equivalent to a Damköhler number approach. Mass transfer and diffusion coefficients used in this study apply to mass transfer mechanisms limited by diffusion in water, which is typical for release of organic compounds but also for dissolution of soluble minerals such as calcite, gypsum or similar. As a conclusion based on these theoretical considerations column tests (a) equilibrate much faster than batch leaching tests and (b) the equilibrium concentrations are maintained in the column effluent even for slow intraparticle diffusion limited desorption for extended periods of time (>days). Since for equilibration the specific surface area is crucial, the harmonic mean of the grain size is relevant (small grain sizes result in high concentrations even after short pre-equilibration of a column). The absolute time scales calculated with linear sorption and aqueous diffusion aim at organic compounds and are not valid for sparingly soluble mineral phases (e.g. metal oxides and silicates). However, the general findings on how different liquid-to-solid ratios and specific surface area influence equilibration time scales also apply to other mass transfer mechanisms. 相似文献
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Pryor S. C. Barthelmie R. J. Schoof J. T. Sørensen L. L. Erickson D. J. 《Water, Air, & Soil Pollution: Focus》2001,1(5-6):99-107
Size resolved particle composition and nitric acid (HNO3)measurements from the ASEPS'98 experiment conducted in the BalticSea are used to provide observational evidence of substantialgas-particle transfer of oxidized nitrogen (N) compounds in themarine boundary layer. We then focus on the importance ofHNO3 reactions on sea salt particles in determining spatio-temporal patterns of N dry deposition to marine ecosystems.Modelling results obtained assuming no kinetic or chemical limiton HNO3 uptake and horizontally homogeneous conditions withnear-neutral stability, indicate that for wind speeds 3.5 – 10 ms-1 transfer of HNO3 to the particle phase to formparticle nitrate (NO3
-) may decrease the N depositionvelocity by 50%. We extend this research using the CHEM-COASTmodel to demonstrate that, in a sulphur poor environment undermoderate wind speeds with HNO3 concentrations representativeof those found in the marine boundary layer, inclusion ofheterogeneous reactions on sea spray significantly reducesmodelled NO3
- deposition in the near coastal zone. 相似文献