生物法处理含油废渣研究

进行实验室培养实验，考查了含油废渣添加量和营养物质添加量对废渣中油去除效果的影响。当添加废渣使土壤中油浓度为１５～２０ｇ／ｋｇ时，处理７周，可使油去除２０％以上，去除速率在０．１ｇ／ｋｇ·ｄ以上。土壤中Ｃ∶Ｎ为１５∶１，较有利于油的去除     

高砷废水处理及含砷废渣稳定化的试验研究

本试验通过采用硫酸铁和聚合硫酸铁分两段对含砷量为6.4g/L的废水进行了处理。结果表明:当pH=5、Fe/As(质量比)=3∶1、反应时间为3h时,采用硫酸铁进行初步除砷后废水中砷含量降至0.5mg/L以内,达到了废水排放标准的砷含量要求;当pH=5、按照0.44g/100mL加入聚合硫酸铁、反应时间为2h时,采用聚合硫酸铁进行深度除砷后废水中砷含量降至0.05mg/L以内,达到了饮用水标准的砷含量要求。另外,对初步除砷所得的含砷废渣进行焙烧,当焙烧温度为700℃、焙烧时间为3h时,所得废渣经毒性浸出试验检测,完全满足TCLP毒性浸出试验的要求,可安全处置。本试验找到了一种适合大规模处理高砷废水和含砷废渣的方法,该方法工艺简单、可操作性强,具有很好的应用前景。     

pH对含砷废渣中砷浸出毒性的影响

采用25℃、101.3kPa条件下砷的Eh-pH图理论分析砷的存在及电离形式,通过实验数据得出砷浸出毒性最小的pH值范围,为含砷废渣的安全处置提供基础,并提出含砷废渣处置存在的问题.     

三氧化二砷冶炼废渣的危害及处理

三氧化二砷冶炼过程中产生大量含砷废渣,此类废渣对环境的危害极大,目前国内外常规的稳定化技术、固化技术难以从根本上解决其对环境的危害,通过大量的试验和实践,证明此类废渣在水泥行业中能有效地被利用,可彻底地消除三氧化二砷冶炼过程中的废渣污染问题。     

砒霜冶炼废渣中砷随水环境的迁移规律

通过对砒霜冶炼废渣进行浸出试验、对砒霜冶炼废渣堆存下游的水体进行采样监测,判断出砒霜冶炼废渣是具有浸出毒性的危险废物;对比分析砒霜冶炼废渣浸出液中砷含量与下游河水中砷含量监测结果得出,砒霜冶炼废渣浸出液中砷含量的高低与下游河水中砷含量的高低存在明显的相关性,废渣被雨水冲淋后,其中残留的砷会迁移到水环境中,污染下游的水体.     

干馏－氯氧化法处理有机含氰废渣的应用

本介绍了有机含氰废渣用干馏－氯氧化法处理的有效方法，并用该方法成功的应用在工程上。该工程通过环保部门的验收并正常运行已三年。     

含镉废水废渣的处理技术及动向

一、含镉废水治理及回收利用1.硫化物絮凝沉淀-离子交换处理重金属硫化物溶度积很小,利用重金属硫化物沉淀的生成能有效地去除有害的重金属离子.但硫化物易形成胶体难以沉淀,且硫离子过量会造成二次污染.离子交换树脂法去除废水中重金属离子效果虽好,但树脂的容量有限,经常洗脱再生十分麻烦.硫化法并辅以絮凝沉淀与树脂交换法相结合具有互补的效果.这种二级处理技术在治理生产金属触头所排出的含镉银废水中,产生了很好的社会效益和经济效益.先调节废水pH值至中性,再加入理论用量的60%的Na_2S,同时     

活性污泥法在工业废水处理中的应用进展

根据国外众多学者的研究成果，本文介绍了活性污泥法对食品加工，造纸、含金属、含酚、煤炭加工业、垃圾渗滤、化工、农药等废水的处理能力，应用范围及其在运行管理中应注意的有关事项。     

湿式空气氧化法在工业废水处理上的应用

<正> 湿式空气氧化法(Wet Air Oxidation Process)是处理高浓度有机废水的重要方法之一。国外开发湿式空气氧化法(以下简称WAO法)已有七十余年的历史了。目前,WAO法已广泛应用于石油化工、炼焦及轻工等工业废水的处理上。近年来,WAO法又有新的进展,一是最佳化的能量流程,二是多数装置用于处理化学工业中排出的有     

硫化砷渣一步水热成矿转化固砷与硫回收

含砷工业废水的处理通常会产生大量的含砷废渣,砷渣中的砷元素在各种环境因素的影响下容易重新释放到环境中.因此,本研究以模拟硫化砷渣作为典型含砷废渣,通过在水热条件下添加Al3+、SO42-和Na+,将硫化砷渣一步直接转化成稳定的砷钠明矾石,同时回收单质硫.结果 表明,最优的转化条件为:Al/As物质的量比为3∶1,pH为...     

Recovery of molybdenum, phosphorus and arsenic fromleaching solution of molybdenum residues by solvent extraction with primary amine and tributylphosphate

Ｒｅｃｏｖｅｒｙｏｆｍｏｌｙｂｄｅｎｕｍ，ｐｈｏｓｐｈｏｒｕｓａｎｄａｒｓｅｎｉｃｆｒｏｍｌｅａｃｈｉｎｇｓｏｌｕｔｉｏｎｏｆｍｏｌｙｂｄｅｎｕｍｒｅｓｉｄｕｅｓｂｙｓｏｌｖｅｎｔｅｘｔｒａｃｔｉｏｎｗｉｔｈｐｒｉｍａｒｙａｍｉｎｅａｎｄｔｒｉｂｕｔ...     

咖啡渣燃烧特性及动力学研究

利用热重分析法(TGA)对咖啡渣的燃烧特性及反应动力学进行了试验研究,评价了咖啡渣的综合燃烧性能.结果表明,咖啡渣燃烧有3个阶段,分别对应水分蒸发阶段(200℃)、有机质燃烧阶段(200~500℃)和燃尽稳定阶段(500℃);有机质燃烧阶段表现出3个过程:主挥发分的析出燃烧、次挥发分的析出燃烧和固定碳的燃烧;随升温速率β的提高,咖啡渣的燃尽特性指数Cb和综合燃烧特性指数SN增大,β=25~30 K·min-1时的燃烧性能较好.燃烧动力学的Coats-Redfern方程计算表明,有机质燃烧阶段3个过程的表观活化能E依次为82.43、8.81和12.49 k J·mol-1.     

厌氧氨氧化技术处理高浓度氨氮工业废水的可行性分析

厌氧氨氧化(Anammox)技术是一种新型自养生物脱氮工艺,处理低C/N比、高浓度氨氮废水具有突出优势.本文总结了厌氧氨氧化技术的应用现状和不同工业行业高氨氮废水的水质特征,分析了氨氮、有机物等因素对厌氧氨氧化菌的影响,讨论了厌氧氨氧化技术处理高氨氮工业废水的可行性,最后对其在工业废水处理领域的研究重点做出了展望.     

土壤样品保存过程中无机砷的形态变化及其样品保存方法

为选择合理的土壤样品保存方法,研究了不同保存条件下土壤样品及其水提取液中无机砷形态的动态变化．研究结果表明,采用常温方法保存土壤样品,其水溶态无机砷的总浓度变化不大,但水溶态As(Ⅲ)容易转化为As(Ⅴ);在风干条件下,随着保存时间的延长,样品中水溶态无机砷的总浓度和As(Ⅲ)浓度均会降低,As(Ⅲ)／As(Ⅴ)的比值呈增加趋势;在避光冷藏条件下,土壤样品中水溶态无机砷的总浓度、As(Ⅲ)和As(Ⅴ)浓度均基本保持不变．在避光冷藏、常温和冷冻条件下保存土壤水提取溶液,样品中无机砷的总浓度变化均不明显,但As(Ⅲ)浓度均呈下降趋势;避光冷藏条件下,As(Ⅲ)浓度在保存12d后缓慢下降,到第28天降低了9．0％;常温和冷冻条件下,As(Ⅲ)容易转化为As(Ⅴ)．因此,对于土壤中无机砷的形态测定而言,应采集新鲜土壤样品并在避光冷藏条件下保存．     

Characteristics and model studies for fluoride and arsenic adsorption on goethite

Fluoride and arsenic are major anionic elements of concern in drinking water treatment. The effects of contact time, pH, surface loading and ionic strength on adsorption of fluoride and As(V) were investigated using batch methods. Adsorption of fluoride and As(V) onto goethite obeyed a pseudo second-order rate law. Through experimental data and adsorption kinetic analysis, the affinity of As(V) onto goethite was stronger than fluoride. Fluoride and As(V) uptake by goethite all decreased with pH increasing at the same surface loading; however, ionic strength had slight influence on their adsorption. A surface sites-species model was used to quantify the adsorption of fluoride and As(V) onto goethite as function of pH and surface loading. This model can satisfactorily predict their adsorption characteristics with several adsorption constants.     

Effect of external and internal phosphate status on arsenic toxicity and accumulation in rice seedlings

Phosphorus (P) deficiency is thought to exacerbate the arsenic (As) phytotoxicity in paddy rice. The experiments were conducted to investigate the e ects of external phosphate supply on As accumulation in rice and its toxicity under phosphate deficiency conditions. Rice seedlings pretreated with a phosphorus deficient nutrient solution (–P) for 14 d accumulated more As than those pretreated with a normal phosphorus supply nutrient solution (+P). Rice protreated with –P showed As toxicity symptoms after being exposed to 50 mol/L arsenate for 4 h, while +P rice did not show any toxicity symptoms. Arsenic toxicity symptoms can be alleviated by increasing external P concentrations. The arsenate uptake rate and accumulation corresponded with the As toxicity in rice plants. Arsenic concentrations in rice roots decreased with increasing external phosphate concentrations. The lowest As accumulation and the highest P accumulation were found when the external P concentration reached 100 mol/L. In short, P deficiency increased the sensitivity of rice to arsenate and increasing of external phosphate supply could alleviate As toxicity.     

Inhibition and recovery of nitrification in treating real coal gasification wastewater with moving bed biofilm reactor

Moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) was used to treat real coal gasification wastewater. Nitrification of the MBBR was inhibited almost completely during start-up period. Sudden increase of influent total NH3 concentration was the main factor inducing nitrification inhibition. Increasing DO concentration in the bulk liquid (from 2 to 3 mg/L) had little e ect on nitrification recovery. Nitrification of the MBBR recovered partially by the addition of nitrifying sludge into the reactor and almost ceased within 5 days. Nitrification ratio of the MBBR achieved 65% within 12 days by increasing dilute ratio of the influent wastewater with tap water. The ratio of nitrification decreased to 25% when influent COD concentration increased from 650 to 1000 mg/L after nitrification recovery and recovered 70% for another 4 days.     

Micro-electrolysis technology for industrial wastewater treatment

Experiments were conducted to study the role of micro-electrolysis in removing chromaticity and COD and improving the biodegradability of wastewater from pharmaceutical.dye-printing and papermaking plants.Results showed that the use of micro-electrolysis technology could remove more than 90% of chromaticity and more than 50% of COD and greatly improved the biodegradability of pharmaceutical wastewater.Lower initial pH could be advantageous to the removal of chromaticity. A retention time of 30 minutes was recommended for the process design of micro-electrolysis.For the use of micro-electrolysis in treatment of dye-printing wastewater,the removal rates of both chromaticity and COD were increased from neutral condition to acid condition for disperse blue wastewater;more than 90% of chromaticity and more than 50% of COD could be removed in neutral condition for vital red wastewater.