春节期间燃放烟花爆竹对西安市大气主要污染物质量浓度的影响

使用2002-2007年西安市环境监测站监测的5个功能区PM10、SO2和NO2污染物日平均质量浓度和2006年、2007年时平均质量浓度资料,分析了春节期间西安城区及郊区主要污染物近地面质量浓度的时空变化特征.结果显示: 6年的PM10、SO2和NO2的春节期全市日平均质量浓度的平均值分别为0.217 2 mg/m3、0.067 8 mg/m3和0.041 7 mg/m3,比春节前偏高54.3%、35.8%和14.5%,比春节后偏高73.6%、21.6%和37.8%; 城区小寨PM10和SO2日平均质量浓度最大值分别达0.375 mg/m3和0.303 mg/m3; PM10时平均质量浓度最大值出现在郊区的草滩,高达0.759 mg/m3,SO2时平均质量浓度最大值出现在城区人口稠密的聚居区小寨,高达0.343 mg/m3.表明烟花爆竹燃放可导致近地面空气中PM10、SO2和NO2质量浓度上升,郊区的PM10上升最为显著,而城区PM10和SO2质量浓度上升均较为明显; 且烟花爆竹燃放对近地面污染物质量浓度的短时贡献可大大超出现有污染源的贡献,造成严重的大气污染.因此,春节期间有必要限制西安市烟花爆竹的燃放.     

SO2-4对厌氧折流板反应器中颗粒污泥性能的影响

利用取自厌氧折流板反应器中的颗粒污泥,通过间歇试验,研究不同质量浓度的SO2-4对厌氧颗粒污泥性能的影响.结果表明,SO2-4对厌氧颗粒污泥性能的影响具有多重性,当SO2-4质量浓度≤3 000 mg/L时,SO2-4对颗粒污泥的厌氧生物降解过程有促进作用;当SO2-4质量浓度>3 000 mg/L时,SO2-4对颗粒污泥的厌氧生物降解过程有抑制作用,且抑制作用随SO2-4质量浓度的提高而迅速增大.当颗粒污泥有机负荷为4 kg COD/(m3·d)、COD与SO2-4质量浓度比为2.7～4、SO2-4质量浓度为2 000～3 000 mg/L时,ABR反应器运行效果最佳,此时系统COD去除率和出水碱度分别稳定在85%和2 500 mg/L以上;出水挥发酸(VFA)在200 mg/L以下;污泥比产甲烷活性(SMA)最高;SO2-4的去除效果最佳.本研究为用厌氧生物处理高浓度硫酸盐废水提供必要依据.     

生物膜法净化低浓度SO2气体的工艺条件研究

采用生物膜填料塔净化低浓度SO2气体,研究其适宜工艺条件.结果表明,SO2进口气体质量浓度2 500～3 500 mg/m3、气体流量0.1m3/h、循环液流量10～12 L/h、24℃、循环液pH＜1.7时,生物膜填料塔对SO2的净化效率可达97.2%以上,对SO2生化去除量达52～56mg/(L·h).本研究为生物法脱除烟气中低浓度SO2提供了参考.     

气体ClO_2对空气中甲醛去除效果的研究

研究高纯度气体ClO2对空气中甲醛气体的去除效果。主要考查了气体ClO2浓度、反应时间及甲醛初始浓度对甲醛去除率的影响。实验结果表明,甲醛去除率随ClO2浓度的增加而提高,当甲醛初始质量浓度为2.4 mg/m3,ClO2质量浓度达到1.8 mg/m3时,甲醛去除率达到99.5%,且甲醛的去除率随反应时间的延长而提高,但30 min后去除率趋于平稳达到99.7%;ClO2对甲醛的去除率随甲醛初始浓度的升高出现先上升后下降的趋势。     

脉冲电晕放电与CuO/γ-Al2O3协同处理烟气中SO2和NO的实验研究

研究了催化剂CuO/γ-Al2O3与脉冲电晕放电协同作用脱除烟气中的SO2和NO.结果表明, 在100 ℃以下,CuO/γ-Al2O3与脉冲电晕放电协同作用具有较好的脱硫脱氮效果.当脉冲电压40 kV,进口烟气温度80 ℃,出口烟气温度40℃,气体在烟道中的流速为1.3 m/s,SO2的初始质量浓度为1 400 mg/m3,NO的初始质量浓度350 mg/m3,SO2的脱除率达到85%,NO的脱除率达到30%.     

春节期间燃放烟花爆竹对西安市大气主要污染物质量浓度的影响

使用2002-2007年西安市环境监测站监测的5个功能区PM90、SO2和NO2污染物日平均质量浓度和2006年、2007年时平均质量浓度资料,分析了春节期间西安城区及郊区主要污染物近地面质量浓度的时空变化特征。结果显示：6年的PM10、SO2和NO2的春节期全市日平均质量浓度的平均值分别为0．2172mg/m^3、00678mg／m^3和0．0417mg/m^3,比春节前偏高54．3％、35.8％和14．5％,比春节后偏高73．6％、21．6％和37.8％;城区小寨PM10和SO2日平均质量浓度最大值分别达0．375mg/m^3和0．303mg/m^3;PM10时平均质量浓度最大值出现在郊区的草滩,高达0．759mg／m^3,SO2时平均质量浓度最大值出现在城区人口稠密的聚居区小寨,高达0．343mg／m^3。表明烟花爆竹燃放可导致近地面空气中PM10、SO2和NO2质量浓度上升,郊区的PM10上升最为显著,而城区PM10和SO2质量浓度上升均较为明碌;且烟花爆竹燃放对近地面污染物质量浓度的短时贡献可大大超出现有污染源的贡献,造成严重的大气污染。因此,春节期间有必要限制西安市烟花爆竹的燃放。     

黄磷尾气中磷单质的间接测定法

提出了一种间接测定黄磷尾气中磷单质的方法——磷单质质量浓度等于总磷质量浓度减去磷化氢和五氧化二磷的质量浓度。尾气中总磷的测定采用喹钼柠酮容量法,五氧化二磷的测定采用抗坏血酸还原-钼蓝分光光度法,磷化氢的测定采用火焰光度气相色谱法。结果表明,总磷测定方法的加标回收率为98.33%~101.24%,测定结果的相对标准偏差(RSD)为0.29%;五氧化二磷测定方法的加标回收率为96.81%~101.21%,测定结果的RSD为0.87%。尾气中总磷的质量浓度为1 038.384 4 mg/m3,五氧化二磷和磷化氢的质量浓度分别为0.022 1 mg/m3和686.1 mg/m3,因此,尾气中单质磷的质量浓度为352.262 3 mg/m3。     

生物膜液相催化氧化烟气脱硫实验研究

用氧化亚铁硫杆菌在生物膜填料塔进行液相催化氧化脱硫是一种新型的经济有效的方法.脱硫效率受多种因素影响.本文分别研究了SO2入口质量浓度、喷淋液Fe2 浓度、喷淋率、空塔气速及喷淋液循环使用对脱硫效率的影响.结果表明,在最佳操作条件(SO2入口质量浓度小于2 000 mg/m3、喷淋液中Fe2 浓度≥0.06 mol/L、喷淋率约为12 L/m3h,空塔气速约为0.15 m/s)下,脱硫效率可达96%以上.还分析了在反应器中培养基连续循环使用对脱硫效果的影响.在本实验条件下,当喷淋液循环使用7次后,必须补充新鲜营养液,以保证较高的脱硫效率.     

二氧化氯氧化处理甲醛废气的探索试验研究

以瓷环填料塔为反应装置,研究ClO2对甲醛的去除效果.试 验考察了甲醛质量浓度、进口气体流量、ClO2液体流量以及ClO2质量浓度对甲醛去除效率的影响.最佳工艺条件为:甲醛气体质量浓度80～ 180 mg/L,进口气体流量120～280 L/h,ClO2液体流量1～3mL/min,ClO2质量浓度40 mg/L.甲醛的去除率随甲醛质量浓度、ClO2质量浓度的增加而升高,去除率变化由98％至99％接近100％;而甲醛去除率随进口气体流量的增大略呈下降趋势.     

循环流化床半干法垃圾焚烧烟气脱酸的试验研究

针对垃圾焚烧烟气中含HCl和SO2较多的特点,对循环流化床半干法烟气脱酸进行试验研究,并测试炉膛温度、Ca( OH)2给料量、烟气流量、烟气温度、喷水量等影响酸性气体产生和脱酸效率的主要参数.结果表明:SO2产生量随炉膛温度增加而降低,HCl产生量在炉膛温度为900～950℃之间最低,在低于900℃和高于950℃均有所升高;Ca(OH)2给料量由70 kg/h增加至210 kg/h,HCl和SO2的排放值分别由157.8mg/m3、123.6mg/m3降至23.1 mg/m3、49.1 mg/m3;烟气流量由30 000 m3/h增至45 000 m3/h,SO2的排放值变化不大,而HCl的排放值有明显增加,同时为满足烟气中O2含量要求,烟气流量应不低于36 000 m3/h; HCI和SO2的排放值随烟气温度的降低和喷水量的增加而不断降低,同时为满足布袋除尘器稳定运行的要求,烟气温度宜控制在150℃以上.在炉膛温度为900～950℃,熟石灰给料量为160 kg/h,烟气温度为160℃,烟气流量为36 000 m3/h和喷水量为0.8～ 1.0 t/h时,烟气中HCl和SO2的排放值分别为40.6mg/m3和77.9mg/m3,烟气净化系统的脱酸效果达到最佳.     

Decreasing residential fire death rates and the association with the prevalence of adult cigarette smoking — United States, 1999–2015

IntroductionEach year from 1999 through 2015, residential fires caused between 2,000 and 3,000 deaths in the U.S., totaling approximately 45,000 deaths during this period. A disproportionate number of such deaths are attributable to smoking in the home. This study examines national trends in residential fire death rates, overall and smoking-related, and their relationship to adult cigarette smoking prevalence, over this same period.MethodsSummary data characterizing annual U.S. residential fire deaths and annual prevalence of adult cigarette smoking for the years 1999–2015, drawn from the National Vital Statistics System, the National Fire Protection Association, and the National Health Interview Survey were used to relate trends in overall and smoking-related rates of residential fire death to changes in adult cigarette smoking prevalence.ResultsStatistically significant downward trends were identified for both the rate of residential fire death (an average annual decrease of 2.2% – 2.6%) and the rate of residential fire death attributed to smoking (an average annual decrease of 3.5%). The decreasing rate of residential fire death was strongly correlated with a gradually declining year-to-year prevalence of adult cigarette smoking (r = 0.83), as was the decreasing rate of residential fire death attributed to smoking (r = 0.80).Conclusions and practical applicationsDecreasing U.S. residential fire death rates, both overall and smoking-related, coincided with a declining prevalence of adult cigarette smoking during 1999–2015. These findings further support tobacco control efforts and fire prevention strategies that include promotion of smoke-free homes. While the general health benefits of refraining from smoking are widely accepted, injury prevention represents a potential benefit that is less recognized.     

改性活性焦的制备及吸附性能研究

研制出了以普通煤为主要原料的活性焦,并对其机械强度和碘吸附率进行了测试.为了考察活性焦对烟气中SO2和NOx的脱除性能,在自行设计组装的吸附塔上,进行了模拟烟气脱硫脱氮的实验.结果表明: 1) 改性活性焦碘吸附率能达到59%,转鼓强度达到98%; 2) 在一定条件下,脱硫率达到98%,脱氮率达到86%; 3) 改性活性焦可用水蒸气进行再生,且再生效果较好.4) 金属氧化物的加入在一定程度上可以提高活性焦的脱硫脱氮性能及再生性能.     

污水处理厂恶臭污染物的工程治理

介绍了某纺织公司水质净化中心厂区恶臭污染物的治理方案。恶臭气体主要是H2S,质量浓度达6．0mg/m^3。将臭气引至除臭塔,塔内设嚣填料。挣化后的气体达到了GB1455-93中的二级标准0．06mg／m^3。     

半干半湿法烟气脱硫技术的原理及应用研究

半干半湿法烟气脱硫技术利用蒸气激活粉煤灰中的碱性物质,以及水蒸气与石灰反应生成的强碱性的消石灰,降低了石灰的使用量.脱硫灰在蒸气输送过程中,CaSO3被携带的空气氧化生成CaSO4.由于采用高盐锅炉废水进行增湿,提高了SO2与脱硫剂的反应速度与效率.本文通过对脱硫机理的讨论,研究了该技术的工艺特点.在CaO和SO2的物质的量比值小于1的条件下,SO2去除率达80%以上.这项技术不但适用于锅炉烟气脱硫处理,还可用于垃圾焚烧炉的烟气脱酸净化.     

皮带转运站除尘技术的研究与应用

针对皮带输送机运送各种含铁原料(矿粉),导致转运站岗位粉尘质量浓度严重超标的状况,通过不断研究、试验,研制了1种新型除尘装置,使转运站岗位粉尘质量浓度由过去的368 mg/m3降至10 mg/m3以下,解决了转运站扬尘的问题,目前此除尘技术已在济钢铁前区广泛推广应用.     

Is there a link between motor vehicle collisions and being a cigarette smoker in Canada? Analysis of survey data from Ontario from 2002 to 2014

Objective: Although most research on drugs and driving has focused on the use of alcohol and cannabis, research that has been conducted on cigarette smoking and collisions has found that smokers have an increased collision involvement. Studies dating from 1967 through 2013 have shown a crude relative risk of about 1.5 among smokers compared to nonsmokers. In Canada, the association between smoking and collisions has not been recently investigated. Studies that have examined the association between smoking and collisions often did not control for all confounding factors, such as alcohol use and driving exposure, which have been associated with increased collision rates. Additionally, a number of these studies were examined in countries and at times when prevalence of smoking was much higher than is currently the case in Canada. The purpose of this research is to examine the association between self-reported current smoking and past-year collision involvement, controlling for confounding factors, in a large representative sample of adult drivers in Ontario, Canada, from 2002 and 2014.

Method: Data are based on the Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH) Monitor, an ongoing, rolling telephone survey of Ontario adults that provides epidemiological surveillance of indicators related to alcohol, tobacco, and other drug use, as well as physical and mental health. The survey uses random-digit-dialing methods via Computer-Assisted Telephone Interview, with response rates over 50%.

Results: Prevalence of self-reported collision involvement within the past year for 2002–2014 was 8.6% among those who currently smoke compared to 6.5% of nonsmokers. Logistic regression analysis, controlling for the potential confounding effects of sociodemographics, driving exposure measures, drinking frequency, and hazardous alcohol use, found that the overall odds for collision involvement in the preceding year among current smokers for 2002–2014 was 1.27 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.06–1.53) times that of nonsmokers.

Conclusions: These findings indicate that despite a substantial reduction in overall prevalence of smoking in Canada, smokers still have a significantly increased odds of collision involvement, even when controlling for alcohol and exposure. Additionally, the results are consistent with the increased odds/risks of motor vehicle collisions found in other countries.     

黄单胞菌生物滴滤塔处理硫化氢能力及产物研究

以黄单胞菌为硫氧化菌种挂膜于生物滴滤塔,研究其去除能力及产物.通过测定压降、生物量确定挂膜时间,以进出气口浓度变化反映去除效率,测定营养液pH值变化,用SEM电镜扫描、能谱分析、X射线衍射对产物进行分析.结果表明,黄单胞菌挂膜时间为4 d,持续运行,菌种均匀地分布于填料表面;保持气体流量为1 L/min,H_2S气体质量浓度在2 000 mg/m~3以下时,去除率大于90.5%,单位体积最大生化去除量为43.23 g/(m~3·h);以10 d为周期添加营养,系统的pH值在5～7;自然沉降得到的黄色颗粒状沉淀粒径为3.161～31.90 μm;能谱分析表面主要成分为C、O、S,应该为微生物和S系物;X射线衍射分析表明干燥粉末的主要无机物质存在形态为S单质.塔在弱酸环境运行,能减少对装置的腐蚀,营养液中通过物理沉降、过滤、低速离心的简单手段,就能回收产物S单质.     

ZJR型涂料的制备及特性研究

利用溶胶凝胶法制备TiO2光催化剂,使用磷酸氢二钠、十水合四硼酸钠和氢氧化镁等制备了阻燃体系料,复合后制成ZJR涂料。利用热分析仪分析纳米TiO2和阻燃体系复合的防火涂料的温度与热失率关系,并得到热重与微商热重曲线。550~650℃之间,失重率约为11%,ZJR涂料在400~600℃有较好的阻燃效果。该涂料对污染气体的光催化降解研究结果表明:光照60 m in后,对二氧化硫的降解率为90.40%,紫外光照40 m in后,甲醛气体降解率为68.98%。进一步添加聚乙二醇和银离子使涂料改性,使涂料光催化甲醛的活性分别提高了11%和14%,效果显著。     

For the sake of my family: Understanding unethical pro-family behavior in the workplace

Unethical behaviors are prevalent and costly in organizations, and much recent research attention has been paid to different forms of workplace unethical behaviors. We contend that the extant research has overlooked an important form of workplace-related unethical behaviors: unethical behaviors that are conducted to benefit one's family but which violate societal and organizational moral rules, a construct we label as “unethical pro-family behavior” (UPFB). Our paper systematically conceptualizes UPFB and develops a scale for it. Drawing upon social cognitive theory, we argue that employees with stronger family financial pressure are more likely to employ moral disengagement mechanisms to deactivate moral self-regulation, resulting in higher levels of UPFB. Additionally, we argue that the proposed relationship is more pronounced when employees have high family motivation but is mitigated when employees have high organizational identification. Two studies are conducted for this paper. In Study 1 (N = 328 for Sample 1; N = 243 for Sample 2; N = 279 for Sample 3; N = 267 for Sample 4), we demonstrate that our UPFB scale has good construct validity and that our construct is differentiable from relevant constructs. In two time-lagged survey samples in Study 2 (N = 255 for Sample 1; N = 233 for Sample 2), we find support for our hypotheses. Theoretical and practical implications, limitations, and future directions are discussed.     

催化活性炭纤维脱硫除汞性能试验研究

采用活化后的活性炭纤维(ACFs)作为吸附剂以脱除SO2和Hg.为增加其吸附效果,对ACFs进行氨水溶液活化处理,试验采用不同浓度氨水溶液(8%和13%),利用XPS和软件计算处理得到ACFs表面元素分析和基本官能团的变化,通过动态脱除SO2和Hg吸附试验,证明氨水溶液活化ACFs是一种增加SO2和Hg吸附的有效措施.试验表明,氨水浓度并非越浓越好,而是存在一个最佳值.