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1.
New repellent semiochemicals for three species of
<Emphasis Type="Italic">Dendroctonus</Emphasis> (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Summary. Nine compounds identified from captured
volatiles of the Douglas-fir beetle, Dendroctonus pseudotsugae,
the mountain pine beetle, D. ponderosae, and the
spruce beetle, D. rufipennis, that elicited antennal responses
in males and females of one or more of these species were
tested in the field to determine behavioural activity.
1-Octen-3-ol, found in the volatiles of females of all three
species decreased the response of male and female coastal
and male interior D. pseudotsugae and both sexes of D. ponderosae
to their aggregation pheromones. Acetophenone,
identified in the volatiles of females of all three species,
significantly decreased the response of interior female
D. pseudotsugae. trans-Verbenol, a potent aggregation
pheromone of D. ponderosae, decreased the response of both
sexes of D. pseudotsugae, while 3-methyl-2-cyclohexen-1-
one (MCH), the antiaggregation pheromone of D. pseudotsugae
and D. rufipennis decreased the response of both sexes
of D. ponderosae. While it has been demonstrated that semiochemical
mediated interspecific communication occurs
among bark beetles infesting the same host, this study
demonstrates that beetles can perceive signals emitted by
heterospecifics attacking nonhosts and can potentially use
them to avoid attacking the wrong species of conifer. 相似文献
2.
John H. Borden Ian M. Wilson Regine Gries Leslie J. Chong Harold D. Pierce Jr. Gerhard Gries 《Chemoecology》1998,8(2):69-75
Summary. Coupled gas chromatographic-electroantennographic detection (GC-EAD) analysis of the Porapak Q-captured volatiles from the
bark of trembling aspen, Populus tremuloides Michx., revealed four compounds that consistently elicited antennal responses by mountain pine beetles (MPBs), Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins. One of these, 1-hexanol, disrupted the capture of MPBs in multiple-funnel traps baited with the aggregation pheromones
trans-verbenol and exo-brevicomin and the host kairomone myrcene, a blend of semiochemicals that mediates the secondary attraction response in which
beetles mass attack and kill living pines. The other three EAD-active aspen bark volatiles, benzyl alcohol, benzaldehyde and
nonanal, were inactive alone, but in binary and ternary combinations contributed to a disruptive effect in an additive and
redundant manner when all four aspen bark volatiles were tested in all possible binary and ternary blends. The best ternary
blend and the quarternary blend achieved ≥ 80% disruption. The quarternary blend enhanced the disruptive effect of the antiaggregation
pheromone verbenone in traps, raising the disruptive effect to 98%, and also enhanced the inhibition of attack on attractant-baited
lodgepole pines. This is the first demonstration of specific compounds from the bark of angiosperm trees that disrupt the
secondary attraction response of sympatric coniferophagous bark beetles. The results support the hypothesis that such bark
beetles are adapted to recognize and avoid non-host angiosperm trees by responding to a broad spectrum of volatiles that can
act in various blends with equal effect.
Received 27 October 1997; accepted 20 February 1998. 相似文献
3.
Summary. Using Porapak Q traps, we collected the bark volatiles of six angiosperm trees native to British Columbia: black cottonwood,
Populus trichocarpa Torr. & A. Gray (Salicaceae), trembling aspen, P. tremuloides Michx. (Salicaceae), paper birch, Betula papyrifera Marsh. (Betulaceae), bigleaf maple, Acer macrophyllum Pursh (Aceraceae), red alder, Alnus rubra Bong. (Betulaceae), and Sitka alder, A. viridis ssp. sinuata (Regel) á. L?ve & D. L?ve (Betulaceae). Utilising coupled gas chromatographic-electroantennographic detection analysis, the
captured volatiles were assayed for antennal responses in five species of coniferophagous bark beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae),
sympatric with most or all of the angiosperm trees: the Douglas-fir beetle, Dendroctonus pseudotsugae Hopkins, the mountain pine beetle, D. ponderosae Hopkins, the spruce beetle, D. rufipennis (Kirby), the western balsam bark beetle, Dryocoetes confusus Swaine, and the pine engraver, Ips pini (Say). The identities of 25 antennally-active compounds were determined by coupled gas chromatographic-mass spectroscopic
analysis, and co-chromatographic comparisons with authentic chemicals. The compounds identified were: hexanal, (E)-2-hexenal, (Z)-3-hexen-1-ol, 1-hexanol, heptanal, α-pinene, frontalin, benzaldehyde, β-pinene, 2-hydroxycyclohexanone, 3-carene, limonene,
β-phellandrene, benzyl alcohol, (E)-ocimene, salicylaldehyde, conophthorin, guaiacol, nonanal, methyl salicylate, 4-allylanisole, decanal, thymol methyl ether,
(E)-nerolidol, and dendrolasin. A number of these compounds are known semiochemicals that are active in the behaviour of other
organisms, including bark beetles, suggesting a high degree of semiochemical parsimony. Antennally-active compounds ranged
from seven in A. viridis to 17 in P. trichocarpa. The fewest number of compounds (9) were detected by I. pini and the largest number (24) were detected by D. pseudotsugae. Six compounds excited the antennae of all five species of bark beetles. The large number of antennally-active compounds
detected in common by numerous bark beetles and present in common in numerous nonhost trees supports the hypothesis of olfaction-based
recognition and avoidance of nonhost angiosperm trees during the process of host selection by coniferophagous bark beetles.
Received 13 December 1999; accepted 14 March 2000 相似文献
4.
William P. Shepherd Dezene P. W. Huber Steven J. Seybold Christopher J. Fettig 《Chemoecology》2007,17(4):209-221
Summary. Stem volatile extracts from ten trees that are sympatric with the western pine beetle, Dendroctonus brevicomis LeConte (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) were assayed by gas chromatographic-electroantennographic detection analysis (GC-EAD).
The extracts were from the primary host, ponderosa pine, Pinus ponderosa Dougl. ex Laws. (Pinaceae); two nonhost angiosperms, California black oak, Quercus kelloggii Newb. (Fagaceae), and quaking aspen, Populus tremuloides Michx. (Salicaceae); and seven nonhost conifers, white fir, Abies concolor (Gord. & Glend.) Lindl. ex Hildebr. (Pinaceae), incense cedar, Calocedrus decurrens (Torr.) Florin (Cupressaceae), Sierra lodgepole pine, P. contorta murrayana Grev. & Balf. (Pinaceae), Jeffrey pine, P. jeffreyi Grev. & Balf. (Pinaceae), sugar pine, P. lambertiana Dougl. (Pinaceae), Douglas-fir, Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco (Pinaceae), and mountain hemlock, Tsuga mertensiana (Bong.) Carr. (Pinaceae). Sixty-four compounds were identified from the ten trees, 42 of which elicited antennal responses
in D. brevicomis, usually in both sexes. In addition, several synthetic compounds, including a number of the antennally-active compounds from
the extracted trees and some bark beetle pheromone components, elicited antennal responses in a manner similar to that observed
with the extracts. Of the antennally-active compounds known to be present in trees sympatric with D. brevicomis, only geraniol was unique to its host. Four antennally-active compounds were found in the host and in other conifers; five
compounds were found only in nonhost conifers; eight compounds were found in either or both of the nonhost angiosperms; eight
compounds were found in either or both of the angiosperms and in nonhost conifers, but not in the host; and 19 were found
in both the host and in angiosperms and/or nonhost conifers. Several bark beetle pheromone components were found in the stem
volatile extracts. Conophthorin was identified from both nonhost angiosperms; exo-brevicomin was identified in A. concolor; verbenone was identified from a number of nonhost conifers; and chalcogran was identified from P. tremuloides. The number of nonhost volatile chemicals that D. brevicomis encounters and is capable of detecting, and the diversity of sources from which they emanate, highlight the complexity of
the olfactory environment in which D. brevicomis forages. This provides a basis for further work related to chemically-mediated aspects of foraging in this insect and perhaps
other coniferophagous bark beetles, and highlights the need to consider foraging context in the design and implementation
of semiochemical-based management tactics for tree protection. 相似文献