共查询到13条相似文献,搜索用时 15 毫秒
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Minsoo KIM Yejin KIM Hyosoo KIM Wenhua PIAO Changwon KIM 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2016,10(2):299-310
The k-nearest neighbor (k-NN) method was evaluated to predict the influent flow rate and four water qualities, namely chemical oxygen demand (COD), suspended solid (SS), total nitrogen (T-N) and total phosphorus (T-P) at a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP). The search range and approach for determining the number of nearest neighbors (NNs) under dry and wet weather conditions were initially optimized based on the root mean square error (RMSE). The optimum search range for considering data size was one year. The square root-based (SR) approach was superior to the distance factor-based (DF) approach in determining the appropriate number of NNs. However, the results for both approaches varied slightly depending on the water quality and the weather conditions. The influent flow rate was accurately predicted within one standard deviation of measured values. Influent water qualities were well predicted with the mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) under both wet and dry weather conditions. For the seven-day prediction, the difference in predictive accuracy was less than 5% in dry weather conditions and slightly worse in wet weather conditions. Overall, the k-NN method was verified to be useful for predicting WWTP influent characteristics. 相似文献
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本研究于2014年10月至11月间对大连市8处污水处理厂(W1-W8)入水、出水中环状挥发性甲基硅氧烷(Cyclic volatile methylsiloxanes,cVMSs)浓度进行了调查,采用超声辅助液液萃取及气相色谱-质谱联用检测方法测定了污水样品中六甲基环三硅氧烷(D3)、八甲基环四硅氧烷(D4)、十甲基环五硅氧烷(D5)、十二甲基环六硅氧烷(D6)的浓度水平.结果表明,入水D3、D4、D5、D6检出率分别为92%、88%、71%、75%;出水检出率分别为61%、96%、63%、58%.入水、出水ΣcVMSs平均浓度分别为1135±1600、433±437 ng·L-1,且入水、出水平均浓度均为D5最高,D3最低.入水D3与D4、D6,D4与D5浓度相关性达到5%的显著水平(R2=0.80、0.83、0.82),D3与D5及D5与D6浓度相关性达到1%的显著水平(R2=0.91、0.85);出水D4与D6浓度相关性达到1%的显著水平(R2=0.93);入水量与入水D3-D6浓度相关性未达到5%显著性水平.cVMSs去除效率范围为28%-100%,对D3-D6去除效率最高的二级处理工艺分别为BAF、BAF、A/O、SBR工艺,去除效率分别为87.3%、69.1%、99.5%、95.1%;最低的二级处理工艺分别为A/O、SBR、SBR、A/O工艺,去除效率分别为68.3%、30.1%、54.1%、72.0%. 相似文献
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我国污水处理的发展趋势 总被引:12,自引:2,他引:12
目前我国污水处理的总体发展趋势;一是普及城市污水处理,二是提高工业废水排放达标率,三是推广污水回用。论文重点介绍了城市污水的强化一级处理、数学模型用于精确控制的技术,清洁生产在提高工业废水排放达标方面的作用,以及再生水作为环境用水的回用方式。 相似文献
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以跨界融合子基因工程菌处理高浓度有机废水为研究对象,建立了处理系统投资最小化数学模型及相应的约束方程,探讨该处理系统的优化设计问题。研究中以进水BOD浓度S0、微生物浓度X和回流比R为初始控制变量,通过对跨界融合子降解豆制品废水实例验证,表明在给定的初始变量范围内有惟一的最优解,为处理工艺的合理设计提供了依据。 相似文献
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焦化废水包含不同形态与化合态的化合物.废水中各类化合物在降解过程中的变化对污染风险的判断和水处理工艺的选择都有很大的影响.以74篇国内外有关焦化废水生物处理的文献作为统计背景值,结合课题组近10年的基础研究与工程实践,分析存在于焦化废水中污染指标之间的相互依赖关系,解析COD、TN、色度的构成,评价我国目前的执行标准在指导生产方面的合理性.研究结果发现,不同企业焦化废水的水质存在较大的差异,所有焦化厂普遍忽视TP、苯、PAHs、苯并(a)芘指标的监控,COD和油类的最终出水达标率仅为16.67%和28.57%.焦化废水原水中的硫氰化物、氟离子和色度的平均浓度分别为259.37、135.66 mg·L-1和713.75倍,检出率很高,建议作为控制性指标加以关注.在目前统计到的文献中,构成焦化废水COD的组分为:挥发酚(47.28%)、硫氰化物(19.48%)、硫化物(6.81%)、氰化物(2.41%)、油类和有机胺类等(24.02%);构成TN的组分为:氨氮(48.49%)、有机氮(35.89%)、硫氰化物(12.27%)、氰化物(2.35%)、硝态氮和亚硝态氮(1%);构成色度的主要组分有带显色基团的有机物、显色离子团和硫化物等.构成COD、TN、色度等3项指标的化合物几乎涵盖了焦化废水中的所有组分.综上所述,可将焦化废水指标归纳为COD类、TN类和色度等3大类,通过归一化管理实现简化的目标. 相似文献
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电解法处理含镍废水及纯镍的回收 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
雷英春 《城市环境与城市生态》2009,22(3):13-16
采用电解回收法处理Ni2+含量为2g/L的废水,在阴极回收纯镍。研究了电解电流、极距、NH4Cl浓度、pH值等因素对Ni2+去除率、槽压、阴极能耗的影响,得出最优工艺参数为:温度20℃,电解时间20min时、电解电流300mA,极距15mm,NH4Cl浓度5g/L,pH值8.0,该条件下Ni2+去除率为96.926%,槽压16.21V,阴极能耗22.418kW.h/kg,在阴极可得到沉积6.45μm厚的镍板。 相似文献
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超高效液相色谱串联质谱法测定污水处理厂水样中的雌激素 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
采用HLB固相萃取、超高效液相色谱-串联质谱(UPLC-MS/MS)法,在多反应监测(MRM)模式下建立污水处理厂进、出水口水样中7种雌激素(戊酸雌二醇、炔雌醇、雌三醇、雌二醇、己烷雌酚、雌酮和己烯雌酚)的快速筛查测定方法,优化了固相萃取条件(萃取柱、洗脱液、pH值以及淋洗液)和UPLC-MS/MS分析条件(流动相及梯度、毛细管电压、锥孔电压、射频透镜电压、碰撞能量、离子源温度、脱溶剂气流量和锥孔气流量)。当7种雌激素质量浓度在1~100μg.L-1线性范围内时,所得回归方程的决定系数r2均大于0.997 2,方法检测限为4.40~10.27 ng.L-1,在20~100 ng.L-1雌激素添加水平范围内,进、出水口水样中目标物平均回收率分别为70.3%~95.1%和72.6%~96.7%,相对标准偏差(RSD)分别小于10.4%和9.5%。将该方法应用于南京地区4个综合污水处理厂进、出水口水样中雌激素的测定,4个污水处理厂进水中均含有高达几十、甚至上百ng.L-1的戊酸雌二醇、雌三醇和雌酮,出水中也含有几到几十ng.L-1的某几种雌激素。 相似文献
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在城市污水处理厂汇水区实行污染源总量控制,应该避免与城市污水处理厂重复治理.针对这个问题,提出难降解有机物控制的多目标准则指标,建立了多目标优化模型. 相似文献
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The performance of a wastewater treatment plant was assessed statistically using multivariate cluster and principle component analysis. This was after measuring some physico-chemical properties in the influent, effluent, downstream, and upstream waters over a 4-month period. The cluster analysis grouped the sampling sites into three clusters: relatively non-polluted (upstream), medium polluted (downstream), and polluted (influent and effluent). The polluted water was further subdivided into very highly (influent) and highly (effluent) polluted. The grouping of influent and effluent into one cluster was due to some water quality parameters such as amount of copper, lead, and phosphates that are not efficiently removed by the plant. Using principal component analysis, samples from the same site taken over a period of 4 months were scattered, indicating inconsistencies in the performance of the plant. This was more pronounced during the rainy season, suggesting that increased water volumes from open sewers make the already poorly performing plant worse. The major loading factors found by principle component analysis were phosphate, lead, iron, zinc, copper, pH, and conductivity. Generally, the wastewater treatment system was found to be efficient in removing heavy metals and these were found in the sludge, but not anions. The mean percentage metal removal could be arranged in the following decreasing order: iron (85%)?>?zinc (57%)?>?copper (40%) and lead (38%) following the concentrations (mg?kg?1) found in the sludge: iron (11,300)?>?zinc (820)?>?copper (180)?>?lead (20)?>?cadmium (3). Phosphate and iron concentrations in the effluent were found to be above the South African Bureau of Standards (SABS) recommendations. The major cause of poor performance is the high volume of the wastewater, exceeding the capacity of the plant 10 times. 相似文献
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基于GIS的龙墩水库典型小流域面源污染氮磷负荷研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
以南京市高淳区龙墩水库流域为研究对象,运用地理信息系统(GIS)和通用土壤流失方程模型(USLE)预测氮磷的污染负荷.利用SWAT模型的子流域划分模块进行流域分区,运用等标污染负荷和等标污染强度进行面源污染评价,最后通过聚类分析完成氮磷污染负荷的分级,从而确定关键源区.结果表明,研究区总磷(TP)污染强度为4.95 t·km-2,污染负荷为124.25 t;总氮(TN)污染强度为10.96t·km-2,污染负荷为274.87 t.整个流域的等标污染负荷为2.76× 109 m3,其中TN为2.75× 108 m3,等标污染负荷比为9.96%;TP为2.48× 109 m3,等标污染负荷比为90.04%,TP为流域面源污染的主要污染物.不同土地利用方式的TP和TN污染负荷和流失模数均以旱地为最高,旱地是流域内面源污染物的主要来源. 相似文献
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采用元素分析、傅里叶红外光谱、固体13C核磁共振以及三维荧光光谱技术,对不同污水处理厂剩余污泥中腐殖酸的化学组成和结构特征进行对比分析.结果表明,不同腐殖酸的化学组成极其相似,但在结构特征上存在明显差异.元素分析计算结果发现,不同腐殖酸的H/C、O/C和C/N的比值存在差异,说明其结构存在差异.荧光光谱显示各个腐殖酸均存在两个明显的特征峰.荧光指数表明各个腐殖酸均为生物源腐殖酸,与元素分析测得的H/C结论一致.傅里叶红外分析显示A厂腐殖酸的各个官能团吸收峰最大、即各个官能团含量最多,C厂含有最少的含氧官能团.13C-NMR结果表明,A厂腐殖酸含有最多的脂肪碳和芳香碳结构,而D厂腐殖酸与之相反. 相似文献