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1.
城市污水处理厂污泥处理处置的政策分析 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
简要介绍了城市污水处理厂污泥处理处置技术,提出污泥产业发展政策的建议,指出土地利用是符合我国国情的污泥处置的方向之一:污泥处理技术主要有减量化、浓缩、脱水、消化、堆肥等;污泥处置技术主要有焚烧、填埋、土地利用、建材利用等。污泥处理处置应按照减量化、稳定化、无害化原则,鼓励污泥资源化综合利用。合理确定污水处理厂污泥处理处置设施的布局和设计规模;鼓励对污泥处理处置给与税、费优惠政策,明确将污泥处理处置的运营费用列入污水排污收费范围,建立科学的价格补偿机制;政府在污泥产业发展中起着较为重要的作用,主要体现为服务与监督,包括承诺、保障和协调三个方面。 相似文献
2.
Olga Hristu 《毒物与环境化学》2013,95(1):495-500
In this paper selected references about experience gained with photosynthetic bacteria in anaerobic process for either water treatment or hydrogen production are given. In particular experimental data about the hydrogen evolution rate, hydrogen yield and substrate efficiency in relationship to the nutrient conditions as well as about the behavior of some different species are presented. The limiting role of the nitrogen source is being discussed. 相似文献
3.
Pengfei LIN Xiaojian ZHANG Hongwei YANG Yong LI Chao CHEN 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2015,9(1):50
Arsenic (As) spills occurred more frequently and sometimes polluted water sources in recent years in China. It is as urgent need to develop emergency treatment technologies to address the arsenic threat for large-scale water treatment plants. In response, we developed a chemical sedimentation technology to remove arsenic contaminants for water treatment plants. Bench-scale experiments were conducted to investigate the efficiency of arsenic removal and the influencing factors of the chemical sedimentation treatment process. The influencing factors included the choice and dosage of coagulants, the valence of arsenic and pH value of solution. The As(V) contaminants can be almost completely removed by ferric or alum coagulants. The As(III) contaminants are more recalcitrant to chemical sedimentation, 75% for ferric coagulant and 40% for alum coagulant. The quantitative results of arsenic removal load by different ferric or alum coagulants were presented to help determine the parameters for arsenic treatment technology. The dominant mechanism for arsenic removal is static combination, or adsorption of negative arsenic species onto positive ferric hydroxide or alum hydroxide flocs. The efficiency of this treatment technology has also been demonstrated by a real production test in one water treatment plant with arsenic-rich source water and one emergency response. This technology was verified to be quick to set-up, easy to operate and highly efficient even for high concentration of arsenic. 相似文献
4.
为解决低浓度污水处理工艺脱氮除磷过程中存在的微生物碳源不足的问题,本文研制了新型填料床-逐级曝气串联反应器.填料床分别采用珊瑚砂、竹炭颗粒、钢渣为填料,在好氧、厌氧兼顾的环境下,实现化学除磷、生物除氮.试验采用模拟生活污水,COD、TN、TP、氨氮的浓度为170—190 mg.L-1、27—30 mg.L-1、8—10 mg.L-1,23—25 mg.L-1.反应器在第27天启动成功,100 d稳定运行结果显示,当HRT为14 h,曝气池DO为3.5 mg.L-1,反应器处理效果良好,出水中COD、TN、TP、氨氮的浓度分别为30.7 mg.L-1、5.59 mg.L-1、1.0 mg.L-1、4.67 mg.L-1,达到《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》(GB18918—2002)中的一级B排放标准.经钢渣填料床处理后的污水,TP浓度降到1 mg.L-1左右,在不排泥的情况下,实现TP的高效去除,同时有效避免了除磷与脱氮过程对碳源的竞争,实现了生物法对水体中富余氮、磷的高效去除. 相似文献
5.
Jinzhong LI Xueju LI Shujuan SUN Xuegong LIU Suiliang HUANG 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2011,5(4):573-584
A modularized and air adjustable constructed submerged plant bed (CSPB) which can be used to restore the eutrophic water is introduced in this paper. This plant bed helps hydrophyte grow under poor conditions such as frequently changed water depth, impaired water transparency, algae bloom and substantial duckweed in summer, which are not naturally suitable for growing hydrophyte. This pilot study in Waihuan River of Tianjin, China, revealed that reduction of Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Total Nitrogen (TN) and Total Phosphorus (TP) by the use of CSPB could be reached 30%–35%, 35%–40%, 30%–40% respectively in the growing season (from March to October) and 5%–10%, 5%–15%, 7%–20% respectively in the winter (from November to February) when the detention time was 6 d. The relationships between the concentration of COD, TN, TP and the detention time fit the first-order kinetic equation well and the coefficients of determination (R 2) were all above 0.9. The attenuation coefficients k of the kinetic equation were a function of the water temperature. When the water temperature was quite low or quite high, k was not significantly changed with increasing or decreasing water temperature. While when the temperature was in a moderate range, an increase or decrease of water temperature would lead to a rapid increase or decrease in k . 相似文献
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《环境化学》2015,(9)
以城市污水厂二级出水为研究对象,利用大孔吸附树脂将污水中溶解性有机物(Dissolved organic matter,DOM)分离成疏水酸性、中性、碱性物质和亲水性物质等4个组分,同时分析了各组分的有机物特性.结果表明,二级出水溶解性有机物中疏水酸性物质是二级出水溶解性有机物的主要组成部分.4种组分中均含有腐殖质类物质,疏水酸性物质(Hydrophobic acids,HOA)和疏水中性物质(Hydrophobic neutrals,HON)中腐殖酸类峰的荧光强度较大,亲水性物质(Hydrophilic fraction,HI)中的蛋白峰荧光强度较大.腐殖质类物质分子量分布较为单一,主要分布在0.9 k Da左右,而疏水性组分蛋白类物质分子量分布较为广泛,在200 k Da左右及小于9 k Da时均有一定分布,亲水性组分蛋白类物质主要由分子量小于9 k Da的物质组成.X射线光电子能谱(X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy,XPS)分析结果表明,HOA、HON中含有较多的芳香族化合物,而疏水碱性物质(Hydrophobic bases,HOB)、HI中则含有较多的羰基和羧基类官能团. 相似文献
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Haiyan Yang Shangping Xu Derek E. Chitwood Yin Wang 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2020,14(5):79
8.
城市污水处理厂微生物气溶胶的污染与控制逐渐成为人们关注的热点问题。为明确城市污水处理厂微生物气溶胶浓度和粒径分布特征,选择鄂尔多斯市某城市污水处理厂的格栅间、配水池、氧化沟、二沉池、污泥脱水间和厂区门口6个功能区为对象,对各功能区产生的异养细菌、真菌和放线菌气溶胶浓度分布、污染特性和微生物粒子粒径分布特性进行研究。结果表明,该污水处理厂不同功能区内异养细菌、真菌和放线菌的浓度分布存在显著性差异,其中二沉池和污泥脱水间产生的异养细菌和放线菌浓度均较高,真菌浓度较高的区域为厂门口和二沉池;根据相关微生物气溶胶污染评价标准,污泥脱水间逸散的异养细菌浓度均达到污染级,二沉池、氧化沟和厂门口逸散的异养细菌浓度达轻微污染级,格栅间和配水池未受污染,而真菌浓度在各个功能区均未受到污染;各功能区产生的异养细菌、真菌和放线菌粒子粒径分布无明显差异,异养细菌、真菌和放线菌粒子粒径分别集中在第1、4级,第3、4级和第1、2、3级,大体上均呈正态分布;各功能区均逸散出一定比例的可以直接吸入人体呼吸道的微生物粒子,可能对人体健康具有一定的潜在风险。研究结果可为城市污水处理厂运行过程中微生物气溶胶的污染控制提供科学依据。 相似文献
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Sen Dong Peng Gao Benhang Li Li Feng Yongze Liu Ziwen Du Liqiu Zhang 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2022,16(11):142
11.
Lian Yang Qinxue Wen Zhiqiang Chen Ran Duan Pan Yang 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2019,13(3):32
12.
Adsorption in combination with ozonation for the treatment of textile waste water: a critical review
Shraddha Khamparia Dipika Kaur Jaspal 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2017,11(1):8
Intrusion of synthetic textile dyes in the ecosystem has been recognized as a serious issue worldwide. The effluents generated from textiles contain large amount of recalcitrant unfixed dyes which are regarded as emerging contaminants in the field of waste water study. Removal of various toxic dyes often includes diverse and complex set of physico-chemical, biological and advanced oxidation processes adopted for treatment. Adsorption in itself is a well-known technique utilized for treatment of textile effluents using a variety of adsorbents. In addition, ozonation deals with effective removal of dyes using high oxidising power of ozone. The review summarizes dye removal study by a combination of ozonation and adsorption methods. Also, to acquire an effective interpretation of this combined approach of treating wastewater, a thorough study has been made which is deliberated here. Results assert that, with the combined ability of ozone and a catalyst/adsorbent, there is high possibility of total elimination of dyes from waste water. Several synthetically prepared materials have been used along with few natural materials during the combined treatment. However, considering practical applicability, some areas were identified during the study where work needs to be done for effective implementation of the combined treatment. 相似文献
13.
三维荧光光谱技术在水环境修复和废水处理中的应用 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
近年来我国水环境污染问题情况日益严重,其引发的水华问题频发,藻类生长代谢过程释放的各类衍生物对水生生态系统及原水处理工艺性能造成影响。为此,分析环境水体、废水处理系统中溶解性有机污染物(DOM)的组成、性质和来源,对水环境安全及水污染控制具有重要意义。三维荧光光谱技术通过在不同的激发波长上扫描发射荧光谱以获得激发.发射矩阵(EEM),基于EEM数据构建三维立体图或等高线(指纹图)描绘监测对象特性,可分析水体溶解性有机物、藻类及藻毒素等,近年来已在饮用水源水质监测、湖库富营养化成因分析及废水生物处理性能评价等方面得到应用。与传统分析方法相比,该技术具有灵敏度高、操作简便、检测快速、试剂消耗量少等优点。文章从荧光光谱分析技术基本原理出发,对三维荧光峰的分类、影响因素及其在水环境中的应用进行了综述,并对今后该技术在环境领域的研究方向进行了展望,以期为水污染控制、污染环境修复提供先进可靠的分析方法。 相似文献
14.
Monitoring and modeling of the concentrations of trihalomethanes (THMs) within four water treatment plants (WTPs) and distribution lines in Fayoum City, Egypt, were studied. Sampling sites for raw and treated waters were determined by global positioning system and the Arc geographic information system software was used for mapping. THMs were monitored using 25 sampling points located at the plant exit and through the distribution lines up to the plant extremity. Results indicated that the THMs concentration varied significantly but it was very rarely higher than the allowed maximum contaminant level of 100 μg L?1. However, at the dead zones in the distribution lines, the THMs increased by about 160% compared to in-plant level. Furthermore, the level of THMs in hot months was about 1.3 times higher than in cold ones. The influence of some independent variables such as temperature, pH, ammonia concentration, total organic carbon and color were investigated by Pearson model to find their correlation with the rate of THMs formation in WTPs. The resulted R values ranged from 0.81 to 0.98. Successful application of the model to a selected region on the distribution lines has resulted in a correlation coefficient of 0.98. 相似文献
15.
Bruce A. Hendry 《Environmental geochemistry and health》2010,32(4):353-359
This contribution to the International Congress on Production of Safe Water, Izmir, Turkey, 20–24 January, 2009, relates to
general aspects of a water supply undertaking rather than to particular technologies or chemistries for water treatment. The
paper offers a “creative problem solving” approach following Fogler and LeBlanc (Strategies for creative problem solving.
Prentice Hall, NJ, 1995) as a model for generating sustainable solutions when water quality and safety problems arise. Such a structured approach
presents a systematic methodology that can promote communication and goal-sharing across the inter-related, but often isolated
and dispersed, functions of water scientists and researchers, engineers, operations managers, government departments and communities.
A problem-solving strategy, or “heuristic”, invokes five main steps (define; generate; decide; implement; evaluate). Associated
with each step are various creative and enabling techniques, many of which are quite familiar to us in one form or another,
but which we can use more effectively in combination and through our increased awareness and practice. For example, taking
a fresh view of a problem can be promoted by a variety of “lateral thinking” tools. First-hand investigation of a problem
can trigger new thinking about the real problem and its origins. A good strategy implementation will always address each and every step (though not necessarily every possible technique) and will use them at various stages in the search for and implementation of solutions. The creative nature of our experience
with a problem-solving heuristic develops our facility to cope better with complex formal situations, as well as with less
formal or everyday problem situations. A few anecdotes are presented that illustrate some of the author’s experiences relating
to factors involved in safe water supply. Here, the term “factors” may signify people and organisations as agents, as well as meaning those aspects of a problem situation that need to be taken into account. 相似文献
16.
Qiaowen Tan Weiying Li Junpeng Zhang Wei Zhou Jiping Chen Yue Li Jie Ma 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2019,13(3):36
17.
低水平放射性废水中钚的分析方法研究进展 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
钚是重要的核燃料,也是一种极毒的放射性核素,在核燃料循环和放射性废物处置过程中占有重要地位.近些年来,钚在自然水体中的含量、分布引起人们的关注.科研工作者针对低水平放射性废水,核设施周围自然水体,核试验、核事故情况下可能污染的自然水体等,建立了一些钚的分析方法.作者在对这些方法进行了比较的基础上,提出了一种在盐酸体系中用TEVA树脂负压微色谱柱液闪法将水溶液中钚与其他锕系元素及金属离子分离并测量的新方法.该方法有望在日常和应急监测中的得到应用. 相似文献
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This paper reviews the application of meso- porous transitional metal oxides in water treatment on basis of the catalysis and adsorption. Mesoporous transitional metal oxides are characterized by their intrinsic features, such as a high surface area, a highly ordered array of unidimensional pores with a very narrow pore size distribution, and highly dispersed active sites. Finally, the suggestions of further study on application are proposed. 相似文献
20.
平原典型垃圾焚烧厂周边土壤重金属分布特征及污染评价 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
随着固体废弃物的增加,垃圾焚烧逐步成为城市垃圾处理应用一个较为理想可行的选择。垃圾焚烧不仅可以回收能源,且相对其他处理方式其减量效果显著。垃圾焚烧厂排出的尾气中的某些特定重金属可以通过大气干湿沉降进入土壤。采用XRF 荧光光谱仪、岛津原子吸收分光光度计和测汞仪测定了杭嘉湖平原的嘉兴垃圾焚烧厂周边土壤重金属的含量,利用地统计学方法分析了该区域74个土壤样品中Cr、Mn、Cu、Pb、Fe五种重金属元素浓度的空间分布,并采用单因子指数法和内梅罗综合指数法对该地区土壤进行污染评价。结果表明:该垃圾焚烧厂周边表层土壤上述5种重金属平均含量依次为174.05、707.76、47.68、41.95、39057.89 mg·kg-1。表层富集因子分析表明表层土壤中Cu和Pb的含量受到人为影响。因子分析将5种重金属分成3类,并揭示了3类金属在该区域具有不同的空间分布特征,Cr、Mn、Fe以土壤地球化学作用(37.88%方差贡献)为主导影响因素,Cu、Pb分别以农药施用作用为主(22.06%)、垃圾焚烧源尾气排放(22.74%)为主导影响因素。污染评价结果表明该区域土壤重金属复合污染程度为轻度污染,最大污染贡献来自于Pb(单因子污染指数高达2.16),厂区周边土壤中重金属存在累积效应,不容忽视。 相似文献