Evaluation of phytoextracting cadmium and lead by sunflower, ricinus, alfalfa and mustard in hydroponic culture

Soil contaminated with heavy metals cadmium(Cd)and lead(Pb)is hard to be remediated.Phytoremediation may be a feasible method to remove toxic metals from soil,but there are few suitable plants which can hyperaccumulate metals.In this study,Cd and Pb accumulation by four plants including sunflower(Helianthus annuus L.),mustard(Brassica juncea L.),alfalfa(Medicago sativa L.), ricinus(Ricinus communis L.)in hydroponic cultures was compared.Results showed that these plants could phytocxtract heavy metals, the ability of accumulation differed with species,concentrations and categories of heavy metals.Values of BCF(bioconcentration factor)and TF(translocation factor)indicated that four species had dissimilar abilities of phytoextraction and transportation of heavy metals.Changes on the biomass of plants,pH and Eh at different treatments revealed that these four plants had distinct responses to Cd and Pb in cultures.Measurements should be taken to improve the phytoremediation of sites contaminated with heavy metals,such as pH and Eh regulations,and so forth.     

印度芥菜对土壤中难溶态Cd的吸收及活化

通过根际袋法土培试验,研究了印度芥菜对石灰性土壤中难溶态Cd的吸收、活化和体内累积规律.结果表明,印度芥菜能活化、吸收石灰性土壤中的难溶态Cd,随着土壤中加入CdCO₃量的增加,印度芥菜地上部和根系中Cd含量显著增加.印度芥菜吸收的Cd 71%～82%累积在地上部;在土壤中加入难溶态Cd 5～40mg/kg条件下,印度芥菜对土壤的净化率为0.83%～1.25%.     

介质阻挡放电等离子体洗消芥子气染毒空气的研究

采用板-板式介质阻挡放电反应器对芥子气的模拟剂2-氯乙基乙基硫醚(2-Chloroethyl ethyl sulfide,2-CEES)进行洗消实验研究,并探讨了放电功率和气体流量对洗消率的影响.研究发现,在放电功率70W、气体流量75L·h-1的条件下对初始浓度0～280 mg·m-3的染毒空气洗消效果较好.因此,在该条件下,对芥子气染毒空气进行深入洗消研究.结果表明,当初始浓度低于150.2 mg·m-3时洗消后尾气的残余浓度低于安全允许浓度(0.0083mg·m-3).同时,采用GC-MS和离子色谱对洗消产物进行分析,发现介质阻挡放电等离子体将芥子气分解成H2O、CO2、SO3、HCl、芥子砜(ClCH2 CH2 SO2 CH2 CH2 Cl)和芥子亚砜(ClCH2 CH2 SOCH2 CH2Cl)等.