垃圾压缩站污水的生物强化处理

垃圾压缩站污水是一种具有高COD、高NH3-N特点的有机污水.以厌氧/好氧组合工艺为基础,通过投加高效菌株对活性污泥系统进行生物强化.实验结果表明,与空白相比,厌氧出水COD去除率提高约30%,好氧出水NH3-N去除率提高约20%.最终出水COD《120 mg/L, NH3-N《25 mg/L,均达到《污水综合排放标准》(GB 8978-1996)二级排放标准.     

厌氧流化床处理低浓度污水的生物特性研究

对厌氧流化床用于低浓度污水的酸化处理进行了试验研究。测定分析了该工艺对负荷、温度等因素变化的稳定性以及生物膜厚、生物浓度、不产甲烷菌形态及数量分布等生物特性。     

城市生活污水厌氧生物处理发展现状

回顾了国内外污水厌氧生物处理工艺的发展情况，着重分析了中国城市污水的特点以及厌氧生物处理工艺在城市生活污水处理中的应用情况。     

超声波强化生物脱氮除磷技术

由于中国城市生活污水属于低碳源的污水,因此碳源已成为传统的生物脱氮除磷工艺的瓶颈。北京紫石千年环保设备有限公司和北京排水集团有限公司研究开发成功“超声波强化生物脱氮除磷技术”。该技术利用低频超声波处理污水处理厂的污泥,开发内部碳源,在减少污泥排放的同时,提高了脱氮除磷的效果为20％-30％。该技术吨水投资仅需60元,是最经济、高效的。     

低接种污泥量强化循环厌氧反应器(SCAR)处理生活污水

采用强化循环高效厌氧反应器(SCAR)处理生活污水研究反应器的启动过程和运行特性。在低接种污泥量、回流比R=0.5、HRT为16 h条件下经过65 d完成反应器启动,系统出水COD稳定在约80 mg·L^-1,VFA浓度约240 mg·L^-1,颗粒污泥性状良好,微生物活性增强。SCAR反应器对污染物的去除受水力停留时间和反应器外回流比影响,微生物生化反应时间和在反应器中的空间分布状态共同决定着反应器的运行效果。SCAR反应器脱氮作用明显,实验条件下反应器对总氮的去除主要是通过反硝化作用实现。     

废水厌氧生物处理技术综述与研究进展

本文系统总结了污水厌氧生物处理技术发展沿革、技术现状与研究进展,并对各技术的优缺点进行了比较,指出了技术研究的关键与应用前景。     

室温下厌氧膜生物反应器处理生活污水的运行特性

为进一步改善农村、小城镇等分散型区域生活污水的处理现状,搭建了一套外置浸没式厌氧膜生物反应器（anaerobic membrane bioreactor,AnMBR）处理实际生活污水,在室温（18~37 ℃）下运行288 d,优化HRT为12~14 h。进水取自某校园中水处理站内的调节池出水,日水质变化较大,TCOD（总COD）、NH3-N、TN、TP的平均浓度分别为477、69.1、76.9、6.3 mg·L-1。自启动运行55 d后,AnMBR出水的TCOD平均值降至50 mg·L-1以下,并稳定运行117 d,期间进水容积负荷率VLR平均为0.83 kg·（m3·d）-1,TCOD去除率平均值为90.6%。AnMBR对氮和磷几乎无去除效果。     

城市生活污水厌氧生物处理发展现状

回顾了国内外污水厌氧生物处理工艺的发展情况,着重分析了中国城市污水的特点以及厌氧生物处理工艺在城市生活污水处理中的应用情况。     

采油污水生物处理技术

采油污水是石油工业中的重点污染源之一。本文论述了采油污水生物处理的难度和技术可行性 ,总结了国内外近年来采油污水生物处理技术的现状及研究进展。     

炼化污水的厌氧生物预处理技术

炼化污水中污染源以难降解有机物为主,降低污水生物毒性,提高其可生化性是炼化污水达标排放的关键环节。为降低工艺运行成本及产泥量,同时为后续好氧生化处理提供优质水源,实验采用高效厌氧生物反应器处理炼化污水,探讨炼化污水厌氧处理过程中的COD去除率、能源转化效能、微生物菌群变化、可生化性及有机污染物降解效果。结果表明,该反应器对炼化污水COD平均去除率达70.01%,出水中大分子复杂难降解有机污染物转化为以小分子有机酸类为主的有机物,可生化性明显提高,为后续生物处理提供良好运行条件。     

厌氧折流板反应器处理化纤厂棉浆粕综合废水的实验研究

对新型厌氧反应器(ABR)处理化纤厂棉浆粕综合废水进行了研究。试验结果表明:采用ABR厌氧处理该废水,可以有效去除其中的有机物,在HRT为1d、进水COD为3360mg/L、有机负荷(OLR)为3.36kgCOD/(m3·d)的条件下,COD去除率为71.5%,出水COD降至958mg/L;利用浆粕黑液和纺丝废水混合调节pH,可以减少碱的用量,降低运行成本。     

降流式厌氧悬浮填料床工艺特性分析

厌氧生物技术能在无氧条件下,通过厌氧微生物的新陈代谢将废水中的有机物转化为无机物,同时产生具有能源回收价值的甲烷,并减少温室气体(CO2)的排放,符合节能环保的原则和发展趋势.在回顾厌氧技术以及厌氧反应器发展的基础上,从现代厌氧反应器的发展理念角度分析了新型厌氧反应器-降流式厌氧悬浮填料床(DASB)的工艺特性.降流式厌氧悬浮填料床在生物量的保持、微生物的多级多相和推流流态等方面较好地符合了新型现代厌氧反应器的发展要求,结构、运行简单,具有较好的处理效果,是中国农村污水处理或预处理的较佳选择.     

Field and laboratory studies of the fate and enantiomeric enrichment of venlafaxine and O-desmethylvenlafaxine under aerobic and anaerobic conditions

The stereoselectivity of R,S-venlafaxine and its metabolites R,S-O-desmethylvenlafaxine, N-desmethylvenlafaxine, O,N-didesmethylvenlafaxine, N,N-didesmethylvenlafaxine and tridesmethylvenlafaxine was studied in three processes: (i) anaerobic and aerobic laboratory scale tests; (ii) six wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) operating under different conditions; and (iii) a variety of wastewater treatments including conventional activated sludge, natural attenuation along a receiving river stream and storage in operational and seasonal reservoirs. In the laboratory and field studies, the degradation of the venlafaxine yielded O-desmethylvenalfaxine as the dominant metabolite under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. Venlafaxine was almost exclusively converted to O-desmethylvenlafaxine under anaerobic conditions, but only a fraction of the drug was transformed to O-desmethylvenlafaxine under aerobic conditions. Degradation of venlafaxine involved only small stereoisomeric selectivity. In contrast, the degradation of O-desmethylvenlafaxine yielded remarkable S to R enrichment under aerobic conditions but none under anaerobic conditions. Determination of venlafaxine and its metabolites in the WWTPs agreed well with the stereoselectivity observed in the laboratory studies. Our results suggest that the levels of the drug and its metabolites and the stereoisomeric enrichment of the metabolite and its parent drug can be used for source tracking and for discrimination between domestic and nondomestic wastewater pollution. This was indeed demonstrated in the investigations carried out at the Jerusalem WWTP.     

Effect of humate on biological treatment of wastewater containing heavy metals

This paper presents results of investigations on the influence of humic substances (humate, HS) on the biological treatment of wastewater containing heavy metals (Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, and Zn). Respirometric studies indicated that the investigated system complied with the Haldane model for inhibitory wastes. Chemical analyses showed that, while the soluble COD removal was high (82%), only 7% of ammonia was oxidized to nitrate. An addition of HS (500 mg L⁻¹) mitigated the inhibitory effect of the wastewater on the returned activated sludge. The system with HS complied with the Monod model for non-inhibitory wastes, and the removal of ammonia and metals was 99% and over 90%, respectively. It is suggested that an application of HS could be beneficial for treatment plants receiving wastewater streams containing heavy metals.     

炼焦废水生化处理技术研究进展

综述了近几年来炼焦废水及炼焦废水中主要成分(酚类、氨类物质、氰化物)的生化处理方法.其中废水中酚类物质的去除方法有投加有效菌、超滤法等;去除氨类物质的方法有A2/O法、纳滤法和反渗透法等;去除氰化物的方法有生物法和化学法等.综合处理炼焦废水的方法有双层生物膜法、生物脱氮法和含铁活性污泥处理技术等.     

Micropollutant removal during biological wastewater treatment and a subsequent ozonation step

The design criteria for wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) and the sludge retention time, respectively, have a significant impact on micropollutant removal. The upgrade of an Austrian municipal WWTP to nitrogen removal (best available technology, BAT) resulted in increased elimination of most of the analyzed micropollutants. Substances, such as bisphenol-A, 17α-ethinylestradiol and the antibiotics erythromycin and roxithromycin were only removed after the upgrade of the WWTP. Nevertheless, the BAT was not sufficient to completely eliminate these compounds. Thus, a pilot scale ozonation plant was installed for additional treatment of the effluent. The application of 0.6 g O₃ g DOC⁻¹ increased the removal of most of the micropollutants, especially for compounds that were not degraded in the previous biological process, as for example carbamazepine and diclofenac. These results indicated that the ozonation of WWTP effluent is a promising technology to further decrease emissions of micropollutants from the treatment process.     

生物法去除厌氧发酵所产沼气中的H2S

对厌氧发酵所产沼气中的硫化氢（H2S）生物法去除进行了实验研究。结果表明,喷淋液流量、进气H2S浓度、反应温度、进气流量和溶解氧5个因素的较优值分别为40 mL·min-1、3 000 mg·L-1、31℃、120 mL·min-1和0.5 mg·L-1。当反应温度为31℃、溶解氧浓度为0.5 mg·L-1时,通过正交实验确定的因素主次顺序分别是进气流量、喷淋液流量、进气H2S浓度,相应的最佳水平值分别为60 mL·min-1、60 mL·min-1和1 500 mg·L-1。在最优工艺条件下,该生物系统的H2S去除率稳定,可达100%。     

淀粉废水处理方法综述

由于淀粉加工企业分布广且废水COD浓度高,淀粉废水处理方法的研究越来越受到重视。就目前国内外淀粉废水的各种处理方法和工艺进行综述,重点介绍了淀粉废水处理方面的最新研究成果,并介绍了废水资源化的一些途径。     

染发污水对生物处理效能的影响

以生活污水、含染发污水的混合污水及低浓度染发污水为对象,通过实验研究了SBR去除其COD、总磷、氨氮和总氮效能及活性污泥CAT活性变化特征,结果表明,染发污水对SBR法去除COD、总磷、氨氮影响不大,通过生物方法可以处理低浓度染发污水,染发污水COD、总磷、氨氮和总氮的去除效率可分别达到79.11%、92.16%、74.51%和55.93%,但由于染发污水的环状有机物有可能抑制了异养菌的作用,影响总氮的生物去除效果,使染发污水比生活污水的总氮去除率低14.70%;在反应器正常运行的典型周期内,3种污水的活性污泥CAT活性均呈先高后低的总体变化趋势,且活性污泥CAT活性分别依生活污水、混合污水、染发污水降低。     

新型高效污水处理设备--集成一体化生物转筒反应器

介绍了一种新型高效污水处理设备--集成一体化生物转筒反应器(IBDR).IBDR具有微生物浓度高、活性强、生物相分级明显、耐冲击负荷、污泥沉降性能好和不产生污泥膨胀、操作简单灵活、运行成本低等显著特点;并成功地运用于处理餐饮污水和深圳某厂洗涤剂生产废水.在处理餐饮污水时,IBDR比传统的生物转盘处理效果高出20%.