摩托车防护头盔发展现状和展望分析

当今保护人类健康安全日益受到社会普遍重视,头部安全是摩托车乘员的首要问题。摩托车头盔防护依然十分重要;国际上其标准修定较快并不断完善;通过对TBT通报,头盔安全类发明专利等数据分析,得出摩托车头盔的技术研发高峰近期爆发。     

未戴安全头盔 男子撞树身亡

2月24日凌晨2时许,石狮市鸿山伍堡工业区附近路段发生一起重大交通事故。一名青年男子驾驶摩托车回家时不慎摔倒,因未佩戴安全头盔,其头部撞到路边的绿化树后当场身亡。     

农民盼望交通安全宣传

编辑同志: 目前,在广大的农村放映的影、视和销售的各类书报刊中,极缺乏交通安全方面的。今天,一些农民纷纷踏入个体运输行列,在机动车驾驶员中,农民占到相当的数量,交通事故中伤亡的人数农民占到70％以上。由于他们文化水平较低,交通安全意识淡薄,多数又没有受过正规训练,无牌无证开车,超速超载,骑摩托车不戴安全头盔等等违章现象严重。可见,加强对农民进行交通安全的宣传教育迫在眉睫,势在必行,也是广大农民热切盼望的事。     

不可忽视“摩托杀手”

随着生活水平的提高 ,摩托车这一方便、快捷、灵活的交通工具越来越受到人们的青睐 ,特别是购买摩托车的年轻人逐年增多。近年来 ,新疆石河子地区摩托车每年增长率达 1 8%以上。截至去年底 ,全辖区摩托车总数已达 1 1万余辆 ,而与之相关的摩托车交通事故也在逐年增多。 1 998年 ,全辖区发生一般以上摩托车交通事故 2 2起 ;1 999年 ,发生一般以上摩托车交通事故2 4起 ,其中死亡 7人、受伤 2 7人 ,直接经济损失 7 36万元 ,占全年交通事故总数的 6 1 4 %。从近几年的统计数据可以看出 ,摩托车交通事故呈逐年上升趋势。由于摩托车速度快、稳定…     

戴头盔要防颈椎病

骑摩托车的人员要佩戴头盔 ,以便在发生交通意外时 ,能够保护头部 ,减少伤害。但是 ,若戴用头盔不得法 ,则很可能引起一种常见的颈部疾病———颈椎关节病。这应引起骑乘者的注意。人的颈椎是由 7块颈椎骨构成的 ,它具有支撑头部重量 ,保持头部平衡的功能 ,是人体脊椎骨中活动范围最大但又最薄弱的部位。如果头部负荷过重 ,颈部反复活动或姿势不正 ,则可使颈椎稳定性降低 ,致使颈椎骨膜受到牵扯与刺激 ,很容易引起颈椎骨质增生。国外有研究报道 ,人在 2 0岁后颈椎就可能出现骨质增生 ,5 0岁以后 ,6 0 %的人颈椎有骨质增生存在。此外 ,颈部的…     

搭乘者虽与事故无关，未载头盔重伤也得担责

编辑同志：半年前,我搭乘刘某的摩托车回家时,因其车速过快,拐弯采取措施不力,造成交通事故。经交通警察部门认定,由刘某负事故的全部责任。而我因头部严重受伤,花去医疗费用一万余元。由于我与刘某就赔偿问题协商未果,我只好提起诉讼。近日法院竟以我未带头盔为由,让不用承担任何事故责任的我,自负10％的损失。这是为什么？     

山区双车道公路摩托车事故严重度分析模型比较

山区双车道公路摩托车交通事故频发且死亡人数较多,准确认识不同类别事故严重度影响因素的作用规律是遏制事故发生的重要前提.针对这一问题,基于云南典型双车道公路522起摩托车交通事故数据,通过描述性统计分析时空分布特征、事故涉及交通方式分布特征、事故形态特征,并以3分类的事故严重度为因变量,将其分为仅财产损失、受伤、死亡事故3个等级,从人、车、路和行车环境4个方面选择了 14个潜在影响因素,分别采用有序Logit模型和多项Logit模型建立摩托车事故严重度分析模型,从预测准确率和自变量作用强度两个方面比较分析了两个摩托车事故严重度分析模型的适用范围,筛选重要影响因素.结果表明:仅财产损失事故受涉事者和肇事者年龄的影响较大,受伤事故受事故形态和事故发生季节的影响较大,死亡事故受事故发生季节和肇事者交通方式的影响较大;对3类事故严重度的预测能力,有序Logit模型的预测准确率为84.7％,多项Logit模型的准确率为92.4％,基于多项Logit模型摩托车事故严重度分析模型的预测准确率高且误报率较低,更适用于多分类的交通事故严重度的预测.     

消息树

相对安全:"国庆黄金周" 公安部交管局公布一 组今年"国庆黄金周"统计数据:10月1曰至7日,全国共发生死亡3人以上的特大交通事故36起,死亡135人,受伤56人;与去年同比,事故起数下降42.9％,死亡数下降44.9％,受伤数下降75.1％。 "黄金周"期间,北京、天津、辽宁、吉林、上海、江苏等15个地区均无发生特大交通事故,主要     

开“奥迪”盗窃阔蟊贼难逃法网

4月24日凌晨4点20分左右,福建政和县发生一起交通事故,两个20岁左右的男青年骑摩托车撞上停靠路边的牵引挂车,造成驾驶摩托车的徐某当场死亡,后座乘载的毛某受伤。交警赶到现场问蹲坐着的受伤男子,躺在路边的那人怎么样了。该男子答道：“他没事,可能是酒喝多睡着了。”民警转过躺在地上那人的头部后,发现其满脸是血,     

防御性驾驶

我国的交通事故死亡人数占所有事故死亡人数的75%以上.即便是对于很多涉及高风险作业的企业来讲,导致员工伤亡最多的也并不是其作业本身,而往往是交通事故.     

基于APRIORI-TAN的交通事故伤害分析与预测*

为探究道路交通事故因素和事故伤害的相关性,以2 467起涉及人员伤亡的交通事故为数据集,运用Apriori算法分别挖掘事故伤害关联规则,并结合社会网络分析的可视化和核心-边缘分析构建受伤事故和死亡事故的关联规则网络。结果表明:事故伤害程度与事故时间、道路条件和交通环境等因素关系紧密,尤其死亡事故与碰撞固定物、人行横道事故、高速公路、高速道路、非市区、酒驾和超速存在高相关性。基于树型贝叶斯网络（TAN）构建事故伤害程度的预测模型,预测结果准确率可达87.56%。     

The role of sales of new motorcycles in a recent increase in motorcycle mortality rates

INTRODUCTION: The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) has reported that mortality rates from crashes among motorcycle riders in the United States increased from 21.0 per 100 million motorcycle miles traveled in 1997 to 38.4 per 100 million motorcycle miles traveled in 2003. At the same time, annual domestic sales of new, on-road motorcycles increased from 247,000 in 1997 to 648,000 in 2003. METHOD: This study used data from the NHTSA Fatality Analysis Reporting System and annual sales figures for on-road motorcycles to determine if newer motorcycles were more likely to be involved in fatal crashes and if fatal crashes involving newer motorcycles could account for the mortality increase after 1997. RESULTS: Mortality rates were 7.9, 8.1, 5.4, and 2.9 per 10,000 motorcycles sold for motorcycles <1, 1-3, 4-6, and 7-11 years old, respectively, from 1994 to 2003. Assuming complete registration, the number of motorcycles sold during the 2000-2003 time period accounted for 42.4% of the total number of motorcycles registered in 2003. Motorcycles sold during 2000-2003 were associated with 52.5% of all motorcycle deaths in 2003. The increase in the number of deaths associated with motorcycles less than four years old between 1997 and 2003 accounted for 78.1% of the total increase in motorcyclist deaths over this time period. CONCLUSIONS: Two possible explanations for the association between high sales volumes and mortality rates are: (a) increased exposure from more extensive use of motorcycles when they are new; and (b) inexperience with motorcycle riding or with specific motorcycles. IMPACT ON INDUSTRY: This study suggests that the deaths of growing numbers of motorcyclists are a consequence of the financial success of the motorcycle industry.     

Predictive Model for Motorcycle Accidents at Three-Legged Priority Junctions

In conjunction with a nationwide motorcycle safety program, the provision of exclusive motorcycle lanes has been implemented to overcome link-motorcycle accidents along trunk roads in Malaysia. However, not much work has been done to address accidents at junctions involving motorcycles. This article presents the development of predictive model for motorcycle accidents at three-legged major-minor priority junctions of urban roads in Malaysia. The generalized linear modeling technique was used to develop the model. The final model reveals that motorcycle accidents are proportional to the power of traffic flow. An increase in nonmotorcycle and motorcycle flows entering the junctions is associated with an increase in motorcycle accidents. Nonmotorcycle flow on major roads had the highest effect on the probability of motorcycle accidents. Approach speed, lane width, number of lanes, shoulder width, and land use were found to be significant in explaining motorcycle accidents at the three-legged major-minor priority junctions. These findings should enable traffic engineers to specifically design appropriate junction treatment criteria for nonexclusive motorcycle lane facilities.     

Predictive model for motorcycle accidents at three-legged priority junctions

In conjunction with a nationwide motorcycle safety program, the provision of exclusive motorcycle lanes has been implemented to overcome link-motorcycle accidents along trunk roads in Malaysia. However, not much work has been done to address accidents at junctions involving motorcycles. This article presents the development of predictive model for motorcycle accidents at three-legged major-minor priority junctions of urban roads in Malaysia. The generalized linear modeling technique was used to develop the model. The final model reveals that motorcycle accidents are proportional to the power of traffic flow. An increase in nonmotorcycle and motorcycle flows entering the junctions is associated with an increase in motorcycle accidents. Nonmotorcycle flow on major roads had the highest effect on the probability of motorcycle accidents. Approach speed, lane width, number of lanes, shoulder width, and land use were found to be significant in explaining motorcycle accidents at the three-legged major-minor priority junctions. These findings should enable traffic engineers to specifically design appropriate junction treatment criteria for nonexclusive motorcycle lane facilities.     

Characteristics of worker accidents on NYSDOT construction projects

INTRODUCTION: This paper aims at providing cost-effective safety measures to protect construction workers in highway work zones, based on real data. Two types of accidents that occur in work zones were: (a) construction work area accidents, and (b) traffic accidents involving construction worker(s). METHODOLOGY/RESULTS: A detailed analysis of work zone accidents involving 36 fatalities and 3,055 severe injuries to construction workers on New York State Department of Transportation (NYSDOT) construction projects from 1990 to 2001 established that five accident types: (a) Struck/Pinned by Large Equipment, (b) Trip or Fall (elevated), (c) Contact w/Electrical or Gas Utility, (d) Struck-by Moving/Falling Load, and (e) Crane/Lift Device Failure accounted for nearly 96% of the fatal accidents, nearly 63% of the hospital-level injury accidents, and nearly 91% of the total costs. These construction work area accidents had a total cost of $133.8 million. Traffic accidents that involve contractors' employees were also examined. Statistical analyses of the traffic accidents established that five traffic accident types: (a) Work Space Intrusion, (b) Worker Struck-by Vehicle Inside Work Space, (c) Flagger Struck-by Vehicle, (d) Worker Struck-by Vehicle Entering/Exiting Work Space, and (e) Construction Equipment Struck-by Vehicle Inside Work Space accounted for nearly 86% of the fatal, nearly 70% of the hospital-level injury and minor injury traffic accidents, and $45.4 million (79.4%) of the total traffic accident costs. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this paper provide real statistics on construction worker related accidents reported on construction work zones. Potential preventions based on real statistics have also been suggested. IMPACT ON INDUSTRY: The ranking of accident types, both within the work area as well as in traffic, will guide the heavy highway contractor and owner agencies in identifying the most cost effective safety preventions.     

灰色关联分析在道路交通事故中的应用

全国或某一地区的道路交通安全系统是一个灰色系统,可应用灰色关联分析法方便地确定影响交通安全的主要相关因素。由灰色关联度导出灰色关联序,以进行优势分析,从而得到交通事故的最(准)优因素及最(准)优特征。根据1990—2000年全国道路交通事故以及全国人口、机动车、公路里程和客货运输量等主要相关因素统计资料可知,货运量、货运周转量和客运量是影响交通安全的主要相关因素,死、伤人数是交通事故的主要特征和指标。由哈尔滨市2000年道路路段交通事故与交通组成统计资料可知,城市道路交通事故的主要影响因素是各类货车、摩托车和大型车。因此,加强货车和货运管理对提高我国交通安全水平具有重要意义。     

Risky driving and the perception of motorcycle accident causes among chinese motorcyclists in Hong Kong

Objective: The primary purposes of this study were to explore the relationship between risk-taking acts while driving motorcycles and perceived causes of motorcycle accidents, as well as their contribution to active involvement in traffic accidents among Chinese motorcyclists in Hong Kong. Active involvement means the riders was likely at fault for the crash. Methods: A total of 774 motorcyclists were recruited, of whom 292 had been involved in active motorcycle accident in the previous 3?years. All were asked to fill in a questionnaire, which was developed to assess their risk-taking acts while driving a motorcycle and perception of motorcycle accident causes. Results: The results of the study revealed 3 dimensions of accident causes, namely, driving-related, environment-related, and belief-related causes. These motorcycle accident causes were correlated with risk-taking acts while driving a motorcycle. A multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that risk-taking acts while driving motorcycles (adjusted odds ratio [OR]: 1.036, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.020-1.052), perception of driving-related cause (adjusted OR: 0.941, 95% CI: 0.916-0.967), and belief-related cause (adjusted OR: 1.134, 95% CI: 1.088-1.182) were significant factors contributing to involvement in active traffic accidents by motorcycle riders after controlling for concurrent demographic variables. Conclusions: The study highlights that perceived causes of motorcycle accidents are multidimensional, including those areas related to driving, the environment, and beliefs. It substantiates previous studies that a higher degree of driving-related risk perception is related to a lower degree of risk-taking acts while driving. Further research is needed to understand why belief-related causes, sometimes called superstitions, lead riders to believe that it is beyond their ability to affect accident causation and prevention.     

Pedestrian Casualties and Fatalities in Road Traffic Crashes in a South African Municipality

A study of the pedestrian casualties and fatalities in road traffic crashes in Durban, a South African municipality, for 1999 was undertaken using official road traffic accident data. The pedestrians age 25 to 44, although only 23.9% of the population, were 39.3% of the casualties and 48.2% of the fatalities. The most vulnerable pedestrians were those 30 to 34 years old who were 6.1% of the population, 11.7% of the casualties, and 14.6% of the fatalities; 35- to 39-year-olds who were 6% of the population, 8.8% of the casualties, and 13.5% of the fatalities; and the 40- to 44-year-olds who were 4.9% of the population, 7.5% of the casualties, and 10.2% of the fatalities. Cars were involved in 52% of the vehicle-pedestrian crashes but had fewer crashes than minibuses and buses, and fewer casualties and fatalities than minibuses, buses, and motorcycles. Minibuses recorded the most crashes at 1,037 per 100 million km, the highest casualty rate of 268 per 100 million km, and highest fatality rate of 17 per 100 million km. Buses, which were involved in 3% of the vehicle-pedestrian crashes, had 951 crashes per 100 million km, 182 casualties per 100 million km, and 11 fatalities per 100 million km. Motorcycles were involved in 1% of the vehicle-pedestrian crashes and had per 100 million km 508 crashes, 192 casualties, and 7 fatalities. There was no statistically significant difference in the monthly distribution of the road traffic crashes.     

Pedestrian casualties and fatalities in road traffic crashes in a South African municipality

A study of the pedestrian casualties and fatalities in road traffic crashes in Durban, a South African municipality, for 1999 was undertaken using official road traffic accident data. The pedestrians age 25 to 44, although only 23.9% of the population, were 39.3% of the casualties and 48.2% of the fatalities. The most vulnerable pedestrians were those 30 to 34 years old who were 6.1% of the population, 11.7% of the casualties, and 14.6% of the fatalities; 35- to 39-year-olds who were 6% of the population, 8.8% of the casualties, and 13.5% of the fatalities; and the 40- to 44-year-olds who were 4.9% of the population, 7.5% of the casualties, and 10.2% of the fatalities. Cars were involved in 52% of the vehicle-pedestrian crashes but had fewer crashes than minibuses and buses, and fewer casualties and fatalities than minibuses, buses, and motorcycles. Minibuses recorded the most crashes at 1,037 per 100 million km, the highest casualty rate of 268 per 100 million km, and highest fatality rate of 17 per 100 million km. Buses, which were involved in 3% of the vehicle-pedestrian crashes, had 951 crashes per 100 million km, 182 casualties per 100 million km, and 11 fatalities per 100 million km. Motorcycles were involved in 1% of the vehicle-pedestrian crashes and had per 100 million km 508 crashes, 192 casualties, and 7 fatalities. There was no statistically significant difference in the monthly distribution of the road traffic crashes.     

The effects of mobile speed camera introduction on road traffic crashes and casualties in a rural county of England

PROBLEM: This study assesses the impact of crash and casualty numbers in correspondence to the introduction of mobile speed cameras in the rural county of Norfolk, England. METHOD: Road traffic accident casualty and crash data were collected for two years before the introduction of cameras and two years subsequently. The casualties and crashes occurring at 29 camera sites were identified and separated from those occurring in the rest of the county. Trends in crashes and casualties, and their severity, were examined graphically and comparisons were made between before and after periods. The regression to the mean effect at individual sites was estimated. RESULTS: After the introduction of cameras, overall crashes declined by 1% and crashes involving fatalities or serious injuries declined by 9% on the roads without cameras. At the camera sites, crashes decreased by 19% and fatal and serious crashes by 44%. The reduction in total crashes was significantly greater than that expected from the effect of regression to the mean in 12 out of 20 sites tested. SUMMARY: The introduction of cameras appears to have resulted in real and measurable reductions in crash risk in this rural county. IMPACT ON INDUSTRY: Our results suggest the deployment of mobile speed cameras is an effective tool for organizations wishing to reduce road traffic casualties in areas where high crash rates have been associated with excessive vehicle speeds.