Studies in free amino acids,sugars and organic acids in the leaves of Lasiosiphon eriosephalous

The Science of Nature -     

游离态氨基酸对羊角月牙藻的生物有效性

采用实验室模拟培养试验,以6种个体氨基酸——丝氨酸、天冬氨酸、谷氨酸、甘氨酸、丙氨酸和精氨酸为唯一氮源,采用一次性培养的方法,在无菌条件下,研究羊角月牙藻对不同种类个体氨基酸和不同浓度混合氨基酸的利用潜能。结果表明:藻细胞在生长过程中会释放氨基酸增加水体中氨基酸浓度,同时,藻类可迅速并直接利用多种游离态氨基酸快速生长。氨基酸浓度在培养周期的前2天减少90%以上,藻细胞数在第6~8天达到最大,说明藻细胞的生长滞后于游离氨基酸浓度的下降;在个体氨基酸试验中,藻细胞对氨基酸的利用程度为精氨酸>丙氨酸>谷氨酸>天门冬氨酸>丝氨酸>甘氨酸;在混合氨基酸试验中,藻细胞的比增殖速率明显高于个体氨基酸试验组,且随混合氨基酸浓度的增加,最大藻细胞生物量增加;羊角月牙藻在利用个体氨基酸的同时也会释放其他种类的氨基酸,其中,天冬氨酸和甘氨酸的释放浓度最大。羊角月牙藻在无机氮缺乏情况下,能迅速利用氨基酸。     

沼液中溶解游离氨基酸的测定——柱前衍生-反相高效液相色谱法

针对沼液特点开发pH值调节（pH 10.2）旋蒸浓缩（去除氨氮和挥发性生物胺）联合3K Millipore超滤离心分离的预处理方法.并以邻苯二甲醛（OPA）和氯甲酸芴甲酯（FMOC-Cl）为柱前衍生化试剂,结合反向高效液相色谱和荧光检测分析,对沼液中溶解游离氨基酸（DFAA）进行了定性和定量考察.该方法保证了各氨基酸在一定浓度范围内呈现良好的线性关系（R²均大于0.99）,标准样品中所选用的24种氨基酸,除谷氨酸回收率为70.5%外,其它氨基酸回收率为89%～115%,相对标准偏差为1.1%～5.0%.用所建立的方法对样品中溶解游离氨基酸的测定结果为：原料即剩余污泥中的溶解游离氨基酸量为2.0mol/L,5%和20%含固率反应器的沼液中的溶解游离氨基酸量分别为0.04mol/L和1.94mol/L,且种类不同,初步表明了不同厌氧消化反应系统中氨基酸的利用和产生机制的差异.     

Combinatorics of aliphatic amino acids

This study combines biology and mathematics, showing that a relatively simple question from molecular biology can lead to complicated mathematics. The question is how to calculate the number of theoretically possible aliphatic amino acids as a function of the number of carbon atoms in the side chain. The presented calculation is based on earlier results from theoretical chemistry concerning alkyl compounds. Mathematical properties of this number series are highlighted. We discuss which of the theoretically possible structures really occur in living organisms, such as leucine and isoleucine with a chain length of four. This is done both for a strict definition of aliphatic amino acids only involving carbon and hydrogen atoms in their side chain and for a less strict definition allowing sulphur, nitrogen and oxygen atoms. While the main focus is on proteinogenic amino acids, we also give several examples of non-proteinogenic aliphatic amino acids, playing a role, for instance, in signalling. The results are in agreement with a general phenomenon found in biology: Usually, only a small number of molecules are chosen as building blocks to assemble an inconceivable number of different macromolecules as proteins. Thus, natural biological complexity arises from the multifarious combination of building blocks.     

Integration of solid phase extraction with HILIC-MS/MS for analysis of free amino acids in source water

Amino acids (AAs) are prevalent in source water, particularly during spring run-off. Monitoring of amino acids in source water is desirable for water treatment plants (WTP) to indicate changes in source water quality. The objective of this study was to establish analytical procedures for reliable monitoring of amino acids in source water. Therefore, we examined two different methods, large volume inject (LVI) and solid phase extraction (SPE), for sample preparation prior to HILIC-MS/MS. The LVI-HILIC-MS/MS method can provide fast and sensitive detection for clean samples, but suffers from matrix effects, resulting in irreproducible separation and shortening column lifetime. We have demonstrated that SPE was necessary prior to HILIC-MS/MS to achieve reproducible and reliable quantification of AAs in source water. A natural heterocyclic amine 1-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-β-carboline-3-carboxylic acid (MTCCA) was also included in the method to indicate changes in other natural nitrogenous compounds in source water. The SPE-HILIC-MS/MS method was able to achieve limits of detection from 2.6-3400 ng/L for the amino acids and MTCCA with RSDs (n=3) of 1.1%-4.8%. As well, retention times (RT) of the analytes were reproducible with variation less than 0.01 min (n=3) through the entire project. We further applied the SPE-HILIC-MS/MS method to determine AAs in authentic source water samples collected from two drinking water treatment plants (WTPs) during the 2021 spring run-off season. The results support that the SPE-HILIC-MS/MS method does not require derivatization and can provide reliable, accurate, and robust analysis of AAs and MTCCA in source water, supporting future monitoring of source water quality.     

利用废弃蛋白质制备氨基酸螯合微肥的研究进展

复合氨基酸螯合微肥是一种高效、无公害环境友好的绿色肥料，开发前景广阔，综述了废弃蛋白质水解制备复合氨基酸螯合微肥的研究现状，展望了氨基酸螯合微肥研究领域的发展。     

鄱阳湖沉积物氨基酸分布特征及其对江湖关系变化的响应

选取不同水情下鄱阳湖表层沉积物,研究由于江湖关系变化导致的水位变化对鄱阳湖沉积物氨基酸含量、分布与组成的影响.结果表明:1鄱阳湖表层沉积物氨基酸含量在5.40~18.2μmol·g-1间波动,高值区域集中在"五河"入湖尾闾区和鄱阳湖入长江的湖口水域;2鄱阳湖北部湖区、"五河"入湖尾闾区、湖心区沉积物氨基酸组成相似,各氨基酸含量大小排列次序为:天冬氨酸谷氨酸丙氨酸丝氨酸赖氨酸精氨酸甘氨酸甲硫氨酸酪氨酸异亮氨酸亮氨酸苯丙氨酸苏氨酸缬氨酸组氨酸;3由于江湖关系变化导致的鄱阳湖枯水期提前和枯水位持续下降引起的沉积物出露时间延长和出露面积增加,致使不同高程沉积物氨基酸含量差异明显,3个湖区沉积物氨基酸含量均表现为枯水期丰水期;3个湖区不同高程沉积物氨基酸含量差异明显,其含量变化趋势为12~13 m高程沉积物11~12 m高程沉积物10~11 m高程沉积物,即高程越高,氨基酸含量越高;4出露时间延长引起沉积物氨基酸含量增加,其中增加最大的为酸性氨基酸.来年进入丰水期,大规模覆水可引起沉积物氨基酸等内源氮释放量增加,将对鄱阳湖水质产生一定影响,即在一定程度上可能会增加鄱阳湖富营养化风险.