Progress in atmospheric ozone detection techniques in China

A comprehensive review on present situation of detection techniques for atmospheria ozone in China has been given in this paper．Among them，some techniques，such as chemiluminescence，ultraviolet absorption and laser differential absorption methods for detection of ozone concentration in the near-ground atmosphere，the solar of sky light spectrophotometric method for detection of total ozone in the atmosphere，ozonesonde technique，Balloon—borne ozonemeter，laser and microwave techniques for ozone measurements in the stratosphere，and SO on，are focused on It should be pointed out that 1 980s is a period for overall development of ozone detection techniques in China．Setting a stereo-observation technical system in China for atmospheric ozone is a main mission in the near future．     

Perspective in development of environmental technology in China

１　ＩｎｃｒｅａｓｉｎｇｅｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔａｌｐｒｏｂｌｅｍｓｃａｌｌｆｏｒｔｅｃｈｎｏｌｏｇｉｃａｌｓｏｌｕｔｉｏｎｓＷｉｔｈｔｈｅｒａｐｉｄｅｃｏｎｏｍｉｃｇｒｏｗｔｈｉｎｔｈｅｐａｓｔｔｗｏｄｅｃａｄｅｓ，ａｌｌｔｈｅｍａｊｏｒｅｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔａｌｐｒｏｂｌｅｍｓｏｆｗｏｒｌｄｗｉｄｅｃｏｎｃｅｒｎｈａｖｅａｐｐｅａｒｅｄｉｎＣｈｉｎａｉｎｏｎｅｗａｙｏｒａｎｏｔｈｅｒ．Ｔｈｅｙａｒｅｍａｉｎｌｙｒｅｆｌｅｃｔｅｄｉｎｓｏｉｌｅｒｏｓｉｏｎ，ｄｅｓｅｒｔｉｆｉｃａｔｉｏｎ，ｂｉ…     

Environmental geochemical features of arsenic in soil in China

ＥｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔａｌｇｅｏｃｈｅｍｉｃａｌｆｅａｔｕｒｅｓｏｆａｒｓｅｎｉｃｉｎｓｏｉｌｉｎＣｈｉｎａＷｅｎｇＨｕａｎｘｉｎ，ＬｉｕＹｕｎｆｅｎｇＤｅｐａｒｔｍｅｎｔｏｆＥａｒｔｈＳｃｉｅｎｃｅｓ，ＺｈｅｊｉａｎｇＵｎｉｖｅｒｓｉｔｙ，Ｈａｎｇ...     

Degradation of chlorobenzuron in water and metabolism in fish

The degradation of pesticide 1-(2-chlorobenzoyl)-3-(4-chlorophenyl)urea(CCU)in water and its accumulation and metabolism in fish were studied using HPLC method．The results of acute toxicity of both CCU and its naetabolites were also reported．The research demonstrated that CCU degraded quickly in aerobic aquatic environment and primary metabolites of CCU were 4-chlorophenyl urea and orthochlorobenzoic acid．Microorganisms play an important role for the degradation of CCU in water．Both the parents compound and its metabolites were not lethal to fish in tested concentration．The accumulation of CCU in fish was sunilar to that of dillubenzuron．The esterase in fish liver which could metabolized CCU was identified．The primary enzymatic degradation products of CCU is the same as that in water．     

Variations in oxygen and some related pollution parameters in some streams in ITU Area of Nigeria

ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＰｈｙｓｉｃａｌａｎｄｃｈｅｍｉｃａｌｐｒｏｐｅｒｔｉｅｓａｒｅｏｆｇｒｅａｔｓｉｇｎｉｆｉｃａｎｃｅｔｏｔｈｅｗｏｒｋｉｎｇｏｆａｎｙａｑｕａｔｉｃｅｃｏｓｙｓｔｅｍ.Ｉｎｍｏｓｔｃａｓｅｓ,ｔｈｅｃｈｅｍｉｃａｌｐｒｏｐｅｒ...     

Application of face-graph in heavy metal pollutionassessment in river sediment

Ａｐｐｌｉｃａｔｉｏｎｏｆｆａｃｅ－ｇｒａｐｈｉｎｈｅａｖｙｍｅｔａｌｐｏｌｌｕｔｉｏｎａｓｓｅｓｓｍｅｎｔｉｎｒｉｖｅｒｓｅｄｉｍｅｎｔＪｉａＺｈｅｎｂａｎｇ；ＺｈａｏＺｈｉｊｉｅ（ＧｅｏｇｒａｐｈｙＤｅｐａｒｔｍｅｎｔ，ＰｅｋｉｎｇＵｎｉｖｅｒｓ...     

Estimation of the radionuclide distribution in sediment in coast area

ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＴｈｅｒａｄｉｏｎｕｃｌｉｄｅｓｉｎｌｏｗ ｌｅｖｅｌｒａｄｉｏａｃｔｉｖｅｌｉｑｕｉｄｗａｓｔｅ (ＬＬＷ)ｆｒｏｍｃｏａｓｔａｌｎｕｃｌｅａｒｆａｃｉｌｉｔｉｅｓｏｒｎｕｃｌｅａｒｐｏｗｅｒｐｌａｎｔｓｗｉｌｌｂｅｄｉｌｕｔｅｄ ,ｄｉｆｆｕｓｅｄａｎｄｔｒａｎｓｐｏｒｔｅｄｉｎｔｈｅｃｏａｓｔａｒｅａ .Ａｎｄｔｈｅｙｗｉｌｌａｌｓｏｄｅｐｏｓｉｔｉｎｔｈｅｓｅｄｉｍｅｎｔ.Ｈｏｗｔｏｅｓｔｉｍａｔｅｔｈｅｅｆｆｅｃｔｏｆｄｅｐｏｓｉｔｒａｄｉｏｎｕｃｌｉｄｅｓｉｓａｖｅｒ…     

Biostability in distribution systems in one city in southern China：Characteristics, modeling and control strategy

This study investigated the bacterial regrowth in drinking water distribution systems receiving finished water from an advanced drinking water treatment plant in one city in southem China. Thirteen nodes in two water supply zones with different aged pipelines were selected to monitor water temperature, dissolved oxygen （DO）, chloramine residual, assimilable organic carbon （AOC）, and heterotrophic plate counts （HPC）. Regression and principal component analyses indicated that HPC had a strong correlation with chloramine residual. Based on Chick-Watson＇s Law and the Monod equation, biostability curves under different conditions were developed to achieve the goal of HPC 100 CFU/mL. The biostability curves could interpret the scenario under various AOC concentrations and predict the required chloramine residual concentration under the condition of high AOC level. The simulation was also carded out to predict the scenario with a stricter HPC goal （≤50 CFU/mL） and determine the required chloramine residual. The biological regrowth control strategy was assessed using biostability curve analysis. The results indicated that maintaining high chloramine residual concentration was the most practical way to achieve the goal of HPC ≤ 100 CFU/mL. Biostability curves could be a very useful tool for biostability control in distribution systems. This work could provide some new insights towards biostability control in real distribution systems.     

Mercury consumption and contamination of environment in gold mining in China

1　ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＴｈｅｇｏｌｄｉｎｄｕｓｔｒｙｉｎＣｈｉｎａｇｒｏｗｓｕｐｑｕｉｃｋｌｙｗｉｔｈｔｈｅｇｒｏｗｔｈｒａｔｅｏｆａｂｏｕｔ 10 %ｓｉｎｃｅ 90’ｓ.Ｉｎ 1995,ｔｈｅｐｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎｏｆｇｏｌｄｗａｓｏｖｅｒ10 0ｔｏｎｓ/ａ,ａｎｄｉｎ 1996ｒｅａｃｈｅｄ 12 0ｔｏｎｓ/ａ .Ｉｔｉｓｒａｎｋｅｄｓｉｘｔｈｉｎｔｈｅｗｏｒｌｄ(Ｃｈａｎｇ ,1995) .Ｔｈｅｉｒｍａｉｎｐｒｏｃｅｄｕｒｅｓｏｆｇｏｌｄｅｘｔｒａｃｔｉｏｎａｒｅ :(1)ｃｙａｎｉｚａｔｉｏｎｉｎｔｏｔａｌｏｒｅ ｃａｒｂｏ…     

The method on recovery of forest vegetation in degraded ecosystem in tropical and subtropical waste lowland in Guangdong

The aim of this paper is to discuss the reasonable method to set up the man-made ecosystem where the high productivity, high economic effects and ecological efficiencies, continual resources and suitable environment could be obtained.     

Organic contamination in the Great Wall bay,Antarctica in austral summer

ＯｒｇａｎｉｃｃｏｎｔａｍｉｎａｔｉｏｎｉｎｔｈｅＧｒｅａｔＷａｌｌｂａｙ，Ａｎｔａｒｃｔｉｃａｉｎａｕｓｔｒａｌｓｕｍｍｅｒ￥ＰｕＪｉａｂｉｎ，ＬｉＺｏｎｇｐｉｎｇ，ＳｈａｎｇＬｏｎｇｓｈｅｎ，ＬｉＨｏｎｇ（ＩｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅｏｆＭａｒｉｎｅＥｎｖ...     

Characteristics of change of humic substance in soil in degraded grass lands

ＣｈａｒａｃｔｅｒｉｓｔｉｃｓｏｆｃｈａｎｇｅｏｆｈｕｍｉｃｓｕｂｓｔａｎｃｅｉｎｓｏｉｌｉｎｄｅｇｒａｄｅｄｇｒａｓｌａｎｄｓＳｈｅｎｇＸｕｅｂｉｎＲｅｓｅａｒｃｈＣｅｎｔｅｒｆｏｒＥｃｏＥｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔａｌＳｃｉｅｎｃｅｓ，Ｃｈｉｎｅｓｅ...     

Sister chromatid exchange and DNA damage in human lymphocytes induced by air-dust in Lanzhou City: involvement in free radicals

The air-dust samples collected from petro-chemical industrial region in the suburb of Lanzhou and from a certain rural region 64 km away from the city were extracted, with a mixed solvent (benzene: hexane: isopropanol=7:2:1) for 8 hours. A strong free radical signal at g= 2.00 of air-dust itself and a hyperfine splitting EPR signal of extract from air-dust have been detected. The sister chromatid exchange frequency (SCE) was increased by extracts of both dusts from the industrial region and from the rural region. If a chemical is able to increase SCE up to twice as high as the control, this chemical is considered to be mutagenic and/or carcinogenic. The double SCE frequency concentration is 23 μg/ml for the dust extract obtained from the industrial region and 47μg/ml for that from the rural region. Extracts were able to damage to DNA template. Results indicated that the mutagenicity and/or carcinogenicity of the extracts obtained from the petro-chemical industrial region were stronger than that of the     

Progress in the research on aquatic environmental nonpoint source pollution in China

ＰｒｏｇｒｅｓｉｎｔｈｅｒｅｓｅａｒｃｈｏｎａｑｕａｔｉｃｅｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔａｌｎｏｎｐｏｉｎｔｓｏｕｒｃｅｐｏｌｕｔｉｏｎｉｎＣｈｉｎａＢａｏＱｕａｎｓｈｅｎｇ，ＭａｏＸｉａｎｑｉａｎｇ，ＷａｎｇＨｕａｄｏｎｇＩｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅｏｆＥｎｖｉｒｏ...     

The role of science and technology in environmentally sound urbanization in China

In the process of accelerating industrialization,urbanization is inevitable and important to China's modernization drive. While people are cherishing the advantages of living in cities, the increasing negative impact of urbanization has to be put on the top of priority list. As urbanization proceeds, the existing pollution problem aggravates with not only increasing quantity of pollutants, but diversity as well. Science and technology have been contributing to urbanization process in both positive and negative ways. Nonetheless, the role of science an technology in promoting sustainable urbanization is increasingly important. China has been conducting environmental research and development since the early 1970's, and now is capable of supplying most technologies needed for urban environmental protection. To keep pace with the rapid urbanization process in China,environmental research and technology development should bestrengthened. This is mostly dependent on domestic resources withintroduction of advanced yet cost-effective technologies from therest of the world. With a survey of current urban environmental R & D in China and on-going activities of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), recommendations on future UCL(University College London)-CAS collaboration in the domain of urban environment aremade.     

Changes in soil carbon storage due to over-grazing in Leymus chinensis steppe in the Xilin River Basin of Inner Mongolia

ＣｈａｎｇｅｓｉｎｓｏｉｌｃａｒｂｏｎｓｔｏｒａｇｅｄｕｅｔｏｏｖｅｒｇｒａｚｉｎｇｉｎＬｅｙｍｕｓｃｈｉｎｅｎｓｉｓｓｔｅｐｐｅｉｎｔｈｅＸｉｌｉｎＲｉｖｅｒＢａｓｉｎｏｆＩｎｎｅｒＭｏｎｇｏｌｉａＬｉＬｉｎｇｈａｏ，ＣｈｅｎＺｕｏｚｈｏｎｇ，Ｗ...