When to buy new electrical/electronic products?

An environmental criterion for the determination of the usage pattern of electronic products was proposed. As such products usually have strong environmental impacts during the usage stage of their life cycles, and the impacts are generated mainly as a consequence of the power requirement, the use of energy consumption as a representative environmental indicator was justified. The model was performed on four case studies: computer monitors, refrigerators, light bulbs and induction motors. For computer monitors, liquid crystal display (LCD) was considered more environmental friendly than the cathode ray tube (CRT). However, disposing of the existing CRT and buying a new LCD might not be beneficial as the energy gained from the difference in the energy consumptions was not justified. Unlike computer monitors which were operated in periodic pattern, products such as refrigerators were mostly run continuously throughout their lives. In this case, buying a new, lower energy consumption model was often superior as the cumulative energy saving during the usage stage was significant compared with those occurred during the other life cycle stages. In general, the new product model should provide a better environmental performance, i.e. lower energy consumption rate. However, there were trade-offs between purchasing a replacement and repairing the old mal-functional one as the upgrade or repair of the old product could avoid the fixed energy consumption associated with the production stage of the new product. In the case of small electronic devices with low operating environmental impacts such as light bulbs and induction motors, the use of compact fluorescent lamps instead of incandescent lamps or new motors, respectively, were highly recommended. In particular for the case of induction motors, the maintenance such as the rewinding of old motors was proven to be beneficial.     

表征微滤膜过滤性能的膜堵塞模型演变及其新模型理念

为探究膜过滤过程中污染物迁移/沉积规律,推出一组符合实际过滤过程的数学模型,通过整合已有数学模型并分析其各自和共同的局限性,结合各类已有研究方法建立思路提出“非稳态膜堵塞模型拟合试验方法”理念,旨在深入剖析膜过滤过程中不同时间污染物在膜组件内部不同空间的分布状态,实现膜过滤过程及膜堵塞机理的全过程连续性研究,从而更加有针对性地解决膜组件内部不同截留层上污染物沉积问题,与此同时,提出模型优化技术为模型建立及精细化提供理论依据。

     

The ecosystem and autonomy: A reconsideration of the ecosystem concept (I)

A critical review of the development of the ecosystem concept is presented in this paper. An attempt to define the concept is discussed in details with reference to autonomy.     

电子废弃物资源化的研究与进展

探讨了电子废弃物资源化的意义,重点研究了电子废弃物中金属、塑料、玻璃的回收技术,以及国内外电子废弃物的资源再利用现状。建立有效的回收体系,最大限度地循环利用资源,使我国的电子和电器制造业及电子废弃物处理业协调发展。     

国外电子废弃物资源化概述

随着信息工业的飞速发展,以及人们对电子废弃物认识的深入和环保意识的加强,电子废弃物的回收利用已逐渐成为一项新兴产业。通过分析国外发达国家对电子废弃物的环境管理、工艺技术以及回收体系状况,总结了发达国家的成功经验,对我国建立和完善电子废弃物管理体系,发展研究电子废弃物资源化技术提出对策和建议。     

A new direction for the development of the paper industry

-In order to reduce the increasingly serious environmental impact caused by wastewater from the paper industry, the municipality of Jinan plans to adopt a specialized production technology. The new technology will centralize pulp production and decentralize paper production. It is predicted that the new technology will greatly reduce the environmental effects of the paper industry. Perhaps it is a new direction for the development of the paper industry in China.     

The hierarchy and spatial characteristics of ecosystems: A reconsideration of the ecosystem concept (II)

This paper, based on the autonomy concept, continues to investigate hierarchical forms and spatial structure of ecosystems. The former can lead to limits for the selection of the component parts of an ecosystem and a distinction between its endogenous and exogenous variables; and the latter can be lead to a hypothesis of the space of an ecosystem: the space of an ecosystem = its habitat area + supporting area + impact area, and two characteristics of ecosystems, space-overlapping and the area of ecosystem space, have been further studied referring to human activities.     

有机概念打造健康新生活

有机的生活概念,来自于对天然草本的执着,对自然环境的责任与对生命的热爱。在国外,人们出于对个人健康的渴求和环保的重视,对有机食品趋之若鹜。目前,全世界都在不懈地拓展有机食品这一新兴市场,并迅速形成一股潮流。摄取健康的有机食品已成为一种新的消费时尚。在国内,有机饮食也盛行了好一段时间,随着这一观念的普及,现在连美容保养也大谈有机概念,再次掀起一股环保健康的新浪潮。     

A new hypothesis for the etiology of Kaschin-Beck disease

Kaschin-Beck disease (KBD) could be exogeneous free radical induced endemic osteoarthropathy under conditions of lacking necessary antioxidant defences.especially selenium-cored defence in Chinese eco-en-vironment. Experimental evidences have been provided for the internal relations among previously suggested pathologic factors, i.e., selenium deficiency, organic matters of drinking waterand mycotoxins from contaminated grains, based on the facts that the former is a preventory factor while the others are exogenous freeradical carriers. ESR spectrum shows that these exogenous free radical carriers have a property of semi-quinone compounds and are toxic in in-vitro cartilage cell culture and animal tests in inducing lipid peroxidation process.     

A new pheromone of the silkworm moth Bombyx mori

The female silkmoth Bombyx mori L. emits a second pheromone component bombykal (E-10, Z-12-hexade-cadien-1-al) in addition to the well-known sexual attractant bombykol (E-10, Z-12-hexadecadien-1-ol). Bombykal stimulates its own specialized and highly sensitive olfactory cells of the male moth. Surprisingly, the aldehyde inhibits the release of the male's wing-fluttering response to bombykol.