油松种子醇溶蛋白提取剂比较

采用乙醇、尿素、2氯乙醇、2巯基乙醇等配成的不同浓度和成分的提取剂提取了山西太岳龙门口、陕西洛南、辽宁千山和河北雾灵山4个不同油松种群的种子醇溶蛋白;用酸性聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(APAGE)对蛋白提取液进行分析.条带数目反映所提取醇溶蛋白的数量,谱带颜色深浅反映不同提取剂得到的某种醇溶蛋白的量.结果表明,不同提取剂提取的醇溶蛋白图谱存在明显差异.由1%2巯基乙醇和12%尿素组成的复合提取剂提取效果最佳,其次是由20%2氯乙醇、1%2巯基乙醇和12%尿素组成的复合提取剂.提取的醇溶蛋白的电泳图谱可以用于油松种群的遗传多样性分析和系统演化的研究.图1表2参11     

从麻疯树胚乳中提取总RNA的快速方法

以麻疯树胚乳为材料,建立了一种适合于提取富含油脂、蛋白及多酚、多糖等次生物质的植物总RNA的方法.其中,提取液Ⅰ在1.5%SDS和400 mmol/L NaCl盐溶液条件下能快速有效破壁,酸酚/氯仿促进了细胞裂解以及油脂、蛋白的分离.而基于异硫氧酸胍法的提取液Ⅱ进一步强烈抑制Rnase的活性,确保RNA不被降解,并以5 mol/L高浓度NaCl溶液除去植物组织提取液中的多糖、多酚等次生物质,得到质量较好的总RNA样品.     

Eradication of Invasive Mammals on Islands Inhabited by Humans and Domestic Animals

Abstract: Non‐native invasive mammal species have caused major ecological change on many islands. To conserve native species diversity, invasive mammals have been eradicated from several islands not inhabited by humans. We reviewed the challenges associated with campaigns to eradicate invasive mammals from islands inhabited by humans and domestic animals. On these islands, detailed analyses of the social, cultural, and economic costs and benefits of eradication are required to increase the probability of local communities supporting the eradication campaign. The ecological benefits of eradication (e.g., improvement of endemic species’ probability of survival) are difficult to trade‐off against social and economic costs due to the lack of a common currency. Local communities may oppose an eradication campaign because of perceived health hazards, inconvenience, financial burdens, religious beliefs, or other cultural reasons. Besides these social challenges, the presence of humans and domestic animals also complicates eradication and biosecurity procedures (measures taken to reduce the probability of unwanted organisms colonizing an island to near zero). For example, houses, garbage‐disposal areas, and livestock‐feeding areas can provide refuges for certain mammals and therefore can decrease the probability of a successful eradication. Transport of humans and goods to an island increases the probability of inadvertent reintroduction of invasive mammals, and the establishment of permanent quarantine measures is required to minimize the probability of unwanted recolonization after eradication. We recommend a close collaboration between island communities, managers, and social scientists from the inception of an eradication campaign to increase the probability of achieving and maintaining an island permanently free of invasive mammals.     

Nature of the action of a compost from olive mill wastewater on Cu sorption by soils

The reaction of two soils that have received composted OMW as manure with Cu solutions is studied. The data were fitted into a multi‐reaction model which considers both reversible and irreversible adsorption sites, and an ‘instantaneous’ fraction. The presence of composted OMW caused a strong increase in the distribution coefficient describing the instantaneous fraction, and the disappearance of the irreversible fraction. This behaviour was attributed to blocking of some sorbing surfaces by the organics, and to new surfaces present in the compost. These effects can have some environmental significance from the viewpoint of Cu mobility.     

碱水解法提取剩余污泥蛋白质的条件优化

为充分提取污水污泥中的细胞蛋白,实现污泥的增值利用,以青岛市李村河污水处理厂剩余污泥为材料,采用碱水解法提取剩余污泥中的蛋白质。正交试验结果表明:水解温度和反应体系pH对蛋白质提取率的影响较大;获得的提取污泥蛋白的最优工艺条件是水解温度为70℃,水解时间为5 h,反应体系pH为12.5,固液比(样品质量g/加水体积mL)为1:4。在上述条件下,剩余污泥蛋白质提取率可达54.49%,水解后的剩余残渣经干燥后测定可知,其质量相对于原污泥样品(干重)质量削减率达到22.95%。     

论自然保护区的共同管理

自然保护区是我国可持续发展的重要事业之一,近几年来发展迅猛,取得了丰硕成果.但是,自然保护区的建设和管理还处在初级阶段,存在许多困难和问题.本文分析了自然保护区管理上存在的困难和问题,探讨了如何实施共同管理,旨在为自然保护区建设和管理提供现实依据.     

一种基于SDS溶液高效提取土壤残留Bt蛋白的方法

通过对SDS浓度、孵育温度和孵育时间3种提取条件的研究,建立了一种基于SDS溶液的提取土壤中残留Bt蛋白的方法(简称SDS法).在ρ(SDS)为2 g·L-1、孵育温度为50℃、孵育时间≥4 h条件下,采用SDS法可有效地从不同类型土壤样品中提取残留Bt蛋白,提取效果明显好于碳酸盐法、人造蠕虫肠道蛋白提取液法和PBST(phosphate buffer solution with Tween-20)法.     

祁连山自然保护区生态承载力分析与评价

以层次分析法和模糊模式识别为基础,建立生态承载力综合评价模型,重点分析祁连山自然保护区森林、草地和农田3种受人类活动干扰最强烈的生态系统的生态承载力和生态荷载,在此基础上进一步分析整个保护区的总体生态承载力和生态荷载。结果显示,祁连山区域生态系统已经受到人类活动的强烈干扰,生态荷载总体处于严重超载状态。但区域生态系统内部各子系统之间以及生态荷载的空间分布存在差异。其中,森林子系统和草地子系统属于严重超载,农田子系统属于中度超载;在总体生态荷载的空间分布上,西北部地区比东南部地区超载更为严重;就各子系统的生态荷载状况而言,森林子系统和草地子系统的超载程度均表现为东南部地区略低于西北部地区,但农田子系统东南部地区超载程度高于西北部地区。