文安5.1级地震前十三陵台电磁辐射观测的异常特征

通过对文安5.1级地震前十三陵台电磁辐射观测资料异常的分析,详细说明了地震前电磁辐射观测的异常特征,充分肯定了其在短临预报中所发挥的作用,为电磁辐射台站开展地震分析预报工作提供了一个震例依据.     

电量采集过程电磁辐射对大气环境的污染分析研究

电量采集过程中会产生大量电磁辐射,电磁辐射对大气环境造成严重影响。针对电量采集过程电磁辐射对大气环境造成的污染进行分析,分析电量采集过程电磁辐射原理,列举电磁辐射弦网波、偶极辐射波、四极辐射波等几种比较常见的电磁波模式;改进电磁辐射污染治理体系,使得各方面协调合作,实现电量采集过程电磁辐射引发大气环境污染的高效治理,为电磁辐射治理的相关领域提供理论支撑。     

厦门天马井LN-3型水位观测仪记震分析

通过对天马井LN-3型水位观测仪记录的水位观测曲线进行分析,结果显示：1.在厦门地区,对一个封闭水层而言,水位的变动以降雨量的影响最为严重,可以用回归分析方法从观测数据中消除降雨影响,使加工后数据更好地体现地震影响。2.通过记录到的水震波图像,可以得出同一井孔对同一断层上的响应方式是一致的,只是对震级大的地震响应幅度大...     

电磁辐射污染的环境监测和预防措施

为了解决电磁辐射污染给环境造成的问题,文章结合实际在分析电磁辐射源内容的同时,对电磁辐射污染带来的消极影响进行详细的分析,同时对环境监测过程中电磁辐射的污染控制内容进行分析,希望通过本文的研究后能够给相关工作人员提供一点参考。     

现代战争对环境造成的影响

论述了现代战争对环境造成的化学污染、放射性污染、生物污染、电磁辐射污染、噪声污染以及战争诱发地震、改变气候等影响.了解现代战争造成的这些污染和引起的变化,有助于战争中环境的保护和战后环境的恢复.     

警惕室内外环境新杀手-电磁辐射污染

随着人民生活水平的提高以及社会的发展和科技进步,各类家用电器、办公自动化设备、移动通讯设备等迅速进入办公室、家庭,提高了人们的工作效率,丰富了人们的精神和物质生活.可是随之而来的是这些高科技的电器产品,在使用过程中会不同程度地产生电磁辐射,并成为继室内空气污染、放射性污染和噪音污染后的又一室内环境污染物质--"电磁辐射污染".本文将从电磁辐射污染的特性、危害、国家相关规定以及怎样防止和减少室内电磁辐射的污染等几方面进行论述.     

深圳市电磁辐射环境现状及对策研究

深圳市电磁辐射环境现状复杂,为了掌握深圳市电磁辐射环境现状,加强电磁辐射环境管理,通过对深圳市"十一五"期间电磁辐射污染特征及原因分析,有针对性地提出了加强电磁辐射环境管理的对策建议。     

警惕室内外环境新杀手一电磁辐射污染

随着人民生活水平的提高以及社会的发展和科技进步,各类家用电器、办公自动化设备、移动通讯设备等迅速进入办公室、家庭,提高了人们的工作效率,丰富了人们的精神和物质生活。可是随之而来的是这些高科技的电器产品,在使用过程中会不同程度地产生电磁辐射,并成为继室内空气污染、放射性污染和噪音污染后的又一室内环境污染物质——“电磁辐射污染”。本文将从电磁辐射污染的特性、危害、国家相关规定以及怎样防止和减少室内电磁辐射的污染等几方面进行论述。     

我国电磁辐射污染防治的法律分析

随着电子技术的广泛应用，电磁辐射已迅速成为我国重要的污染源。文章分析了电磁辐射污染的特点及我国电磁辐射污染的现状，指出了我国目前电磁辐射污染防治法律的不足及其原因。在此基础上提出了相应的法律对策。即严格遵守现有法规．尽快建立相关的电磁辐射国家标准体系、加强电磁辐射地方立法、条件成熟时制定Ⅸ中华人民共和国电磁辐射污染防治法》，并阐明了该法的主要内容。     

抚顺市电磁辐射环境安全形势及防护技术研究

以抚顺市第一次电磁辐射环境普查为契机,分析近年来抚顺市电磁辐射环境安全形势,探讨了电磁辐射的防护控制对策。旨在让广大人民群众在享受高科技带来的方便、快捷的同时,提高电磁辐射防护意识,强化电磁辐射防护技术,最大限度地减少电磁辐射对我们健康带来的危害。     

Experimental investigation of the effect of sediment transport patterns on the adsorption of cadmium ions onto sediment particles

The mechanism of flow turbulence, sediment supply conditions, and sediment transport patterns that affect the adsorption of cadmium ions onto sediment particles in natural waters are experimentally simulated and studied in this study both in batch reactors and in a turbulence simulation tank. By changing the agitation conditions, the sediment transport in batch reactors can be categorized into bottom sediment-dominated sediment and suspended sediment-dominated sediment. It is found that the adsorption rate of bottom sediment is much less than that of suspended sediment, but the sediment transport pattern does not affect the final (equilibrium) concentration of dissolved cadmium. This result indicates that the parameters of an adsorption isotherm are the same regardless of the sediment transport pattern. In the turbulence simulation tank, the turbulence is generated by harmonic grid-stirred motions, and the turbulence intensity is quantified in terms of eddy diffusivity, which is equal to 9.84F(F is the harmonic vibration frequency) and is comparable to natural surface water conditions.When the turbulence intensity of flow is low and sediment particles stay as bottom sediment, the adsorption rate is significantly low, and the adsorption quantity compared with that of suspended sediment is negligible in the 6 h duration of the experiment. This result greatly favors the simplification of the numerical modeling of heavy metal pollutant transformation in natural rivers. When the turbulence intensity is high but bottom sediment persists, the rate and extent of descent of the dissolved cadmium concentration in the tank noticeably increase, and the time that is required to reach adsorption equilibrium also increases considerably due to the continuous exchange that occurs between the suspended sediment and the bottom sediment.A comparison of the results of the experiments in the batch reactor and those in the turbulence simulation tank reveals that the adsorption ability of the sediment, and in particular the adsorption rate, is greatly over-estimated in the batch reactor.     

Adsorption of phenolic compounds from aqueous solutions by aminated hypercrosslinked polymers

Two novel polymers （NJ-1 and N J-2） were synthesized by chemically modified a hypercrosslinked polymer NJ-0 with dimethylamine and trimethylamine, respectively. The comparison of the adsorption properties of the three polymers toward phenol, resorcin and phloroglucin was made. The study focused on the static equilibrium adsorption behaviors and the adsorption thermodynamics. Freundlich equation was found to fit the adsorption results well. The effect of amino groups introduced onto the surface of the resin and the structure of phenolic compounds on the adsorption were also studied. The hydrogen-bonding interaction and electrostatic interaction could happen between the amino groups and the adsorbates. The adsorption impetus increased as quantity of hydroxyl groups increased, but the adsorption capacity decreased due to the drop of the matching degree of the aperture of resins and the diameter of adsorbate molecules.     

Composition analysis of colored dissolved organic matter in Taihu Lake based on three dimension excitation-emission fluorescence matrix and PARAFAC model, and the potential application in water quality monitoring

Taihu Lake is one of the five biggest lakes in China. Surface water samples from 26 sampling sites of Taihu Lake were collected. Furthermore wet chemical analysis （CODCr and BOD5） and measurement of three dimensional excitation-emission matrix （3DEEM） spectra in the laboratory have been conducted. Using parallel factor analysis （PARAFAC） model, three components of colored dissolved organic matter （CDOM） have been identified successfully, based on the analysis of 3DEEM data. The characteristics of the three components also have been described by comparing them to some components of CDOM, identified in earlier researches. Meanwhile, spatial variations of concentration for the three components in Taihu Lake have been analyzed, and the result indicates that the concentration of component 1 depends more on the situation of wastewater pollution and can be used as the indicator of wastewater pollution. The relationship between the concentrations of the three components and results of the wet chemical analysis show that none of the three components can be used as indicators of gross organic matter in water. However, the concentrations of all the three components have obvious linear relationships with the BOD5 value, especially for component 1 （r = 0.72878）. Finally, the potential applications of the composition analysis based on 3DEEM and PARAFAC model in water quality monitoring have been illuminated.     

汽车排气尾流中微粒分布及其变化特性的研究

根据微粒核化、凝并及凝结模型对汽车排气尾流中微粒分布的变化特性进行了分析.结果表明,微粒的核化增加了排气尾流中超细微粒的数量;微粒的凝并和凝结将改变排气尾流中的微粒分布.在核化、凝并及凝结过程同时存在时,核化对微粒分布的影响相对较小,微粒分布的变化主要受凝并和凝结的作用.在排气管出口处,微粒的核化、凝并及凝结过程比较剧烈,微粒分布变化较大;随着距排气管出口距离的增加,微粒演变逐渐减弱.研究工作可以为汽车排放控制策略的确定以及汽车微粒对人体健康影响的研究提供依据.     

北京市交通路口大气颗粒物污染特征研究(Ⅱ)——大气颗粒物中非烃类化合物污染特征

研究了北京市交通路口大气颗粒物中非烃类化合物的污染特征.通过对2000年6月采集的大气颗粒物样品的分析,研究了北京市崇文门路口大气颗粒物中非烃类化合物的污染状况.结果表明:交通排放是大气颗粒物中非烃类化合物的重要来源之一;总体上非烃类化合物主要富集在粒径较小的粒子中,细粒子中的非烃类化合物应主要来源于机动车尾气排放;白天ρ(非烃类化合物)随机动车流量的增加而增加,夜晚机动车流量减小,但ρ(非烃类化合物)却高于白天,显示出大型柴油车的主要影响和贡献;非烃类化合物的污染主要表现为酞酸酯和苯酚类化合物的污染.并对交通路口大气颗粒物中酞酸酯的来源进行了探讨.      

基于电子鼻土壤与地下水污染修复现场TVOC和恶臭的评估

根据上海某土壤与地下水污染修复现场情况,应用自主研发的电子鼻系统(iSA-M1)分别对未修复及修复过程中的土壤和地下水、修复场地上空及周边空气中的VOCs和恶臭类气体进行检测.结合前期研究所得TPI和OPI公式,求得各点的值,并将其用图表示.结果表明:①修复后TVOC和恶臭的浓度总体呈下降趋势;②在土壤和地下水修复过程中,VOCs和恶臭的挥发受气象要素和作业的影响,其浓度在总体下降的过程中伴随着阶段性上升现象;③结合GIS技术,电子鼻能初步用于评估土壤和地下水修复现场造成的空间污染情况及对周围居民产生的影响.但造成影响程度的具体细化分级还需要进一步研究.     

Effect of coagulation pretreatment on the fouling of ultrafiltration membrane

The purpose of this study is to understand the effect and mechanism of preventing membrane fouling, by coagulation pretreatment, in terms of fractional component and molecular weight of natural organic matter （NOM）. A relatively higher molecular weight （MW） of hydrophobic compounds was responsible for a rapid decline in the ultrafiltration flux. Coagulation could effectively remove the hydrophobic organics, resulting in the increase of flux. It was found that a lower MW of neutral hydrophilic compounds, which could remove inadequately by coagulation, was responsible for the slow declining flux. The fluxes in the filtration of coagulated water and supernatant water were compared and the results showed that a lower MW of neutral hydrophilic compounds remained in the supernatant water after coagulation could be rejected by a membrane, resulting in fouling. It was also found that the coagulated flocs could absorb neutral hydrophilic compounds effectively. Therefore, with the coagulated flocs formed on the membrane surface, the flux decline could be improved.     

Effects of humic acid coatings on phenanthrene sorption to black carbon

Black carbon (BC) can strongly adsorb hydrophobic organic compounds (HOCs).The HOC sorption to coated BC could be attenuated in soil and sediment compared with that of the parent BC.To study the potential causes of the sorption attenuation,humic acid (HA) and BC were isolated.Phenanthrene (PHE) was selected as the representative of HOCs.BC was coated with the precipitated HA.The PHE sorption to the HA-coated BC was determined.The HA coatings on BC could result in the significant sorption attenuation of PHE to BC.The attenuation varied in different HA origin and was positively correlated to the aromaticity of HA.The attenuation could be explained by the direct competition between HA and PHE for the available sorption sites on BC and the reduction of the available sorption sites as a result of the pore blockage of BC caused by the HA coatings.Therefore,the HA coatings on BC was one potential cause of the attenuation of HOC sorption to BC in soil and sediment.     

野生动物资源的保护与持续利用

本文从非洲南部的大象、澳大利亚的大袋鼠到北美的野生动物管理体制、欧洲的野生动物狩猎、新西兰草地牧业的转轨,回顾了世界野生动物利用与保护的历史。并追溯了我国古代野生动物管理思想,以黄羊、虎两个实例,分析了我国野生动物资源濒危的原因与现状。最后,探讨了野生动物资源保护与开发的辩证关系,提出了野生动物利用分为开发初期、过度开发期、保护恢复期及持续利用期,目前我国野生动物资源正处于保护恢复期。     

Influence of lactic acid on the two-phase anaerobic digestion of kitchen wastes

To evaluate the influence of lactic acid on the methanogenesis, anaerobic digestion of kitchen wastes was firstly conducted in a two-phase anaerobic digestion process, and performance of two digesters fed with lactic acid and glucose was subsequently compared. The results showed that the lactic acid was the main fermentation products of hydrolysis-acidification stage in the two-phase anaerobic digestion process for kitchen wastes. The lactic acid concentration constituted approximately 50% of the chemical oxygen demand （COD） concentration in the hydrolysis-acidification liquid. The maximum organic loading rate was lower in the digester fed with lactic acid than that fed with glucose. Volatile fatty acids （VFAs） and COD removal were deteriorated in the methanogenic reactor fed with lactic acid compared to that fed with glucose. The specific methanogenic activity （SMA） declined to 0.343 g COD/（gVSS-d） when the COD loading were designated as 18.8 g/（L-d） in the digester fed with lactic acid. The propionic acid accumulation occurred due to the high concentration of lactic acid fed. It could be concluded that avoiding the presence of the lactic acid is necessary in the hydrolysis-acidification process for the improvement of the two-phase anaerobic digestion process of kitchen wastes.