共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 93 毫秒
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以白鲢鱼为实验生物,采用半静态实验方法,研究了几种油田化学剂的半致死浓度和安全浓度。研究表明:防膨剂、杀菌剂K、杀菌剂L、清蜡剂、四氟硼酸、酸化缓蚀剂、阻垢剂、阻垢缓蚀剂、缓蚀阻垢剂和破乳剂的96h半致死浓度LC50值分别为0.68、1.6、9.3、25、123、510、620、3240、4570、7410mg/L。根据化学物质对鱼类毒性物质分级标准,防膨剂属于剧毒物质;杀菌剂K、杀菌剂L和清蜡剂属于高毒物质;四氟硼酸、酸化缓蚀剂和阻垢剂属于中毒物质;阻垢缓蚀剂、缓蚀阻垢剂和破乳剂属于低毒物质。这几种油田化学剂的安全浓度为0.068~741mg/L。此研究可为评价油田化学剂对水生生物的影响,制定废水排放浓度标准提供依据。 相似文献
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大多数天然气藏CO2含量为10%~98%,CO2在不同的温度、压力条件下腐蚀极其严重。文章主要针对高含CO2天然气运输管道腐蚀的问题,开展缓蚀剂的筛选,重点开展CO2腐蚀规律研究与实验,评价环境温度、CO2分压、流动速度对腐蚀规律的影响,明确缓蚀剂的影响因素,结合管材的材质,优选评价不同类型的缓蚀剂,缓蚀效率分别为90.53%和92.64%,在管道凝液介质的气相及液相中都有较高的缓蚀效率。通过设计现场加药工艺及制度,监测评价缓蚀剂缓释效果和腐蚀情况,可防止管道运输过程中CO2腐蚀的侵害,长输管线内腐蚀控制良好。 相似文献
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季铵盐复合型缓蚀剂的研制 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
以烷基卤化物与喹啉等原料合成的喹啉季铵盐,当其与有机胺、适当溶剂、表面活性剂复配后,可作为油井酸化作业的酸化缓蚀剂。该缓蚀剂对金属腐蚀的阴、阳极过程起抑制作用,因此使用的温度范围宽(60~150℃),盐酸浓度高(15%~34%),该产品生产工艺简单,成本低,是油田较理想的酸化缓蚀剂。 相似文献
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广利联合站处理的污水,其矿化度高、pH值较低,污水中腐蚀性气体溶解氧、二氧化碳、硫化物和SRB的含量都超出了SY/T5329-94的标准,处理设备和管线被严重腐蚀。为此,用投加缓蚀剂的方法降低其腐蚀速度。由于结垢会降低污水缓蚀剂的处理效果,因而又投加阻垢剂提高阻垢效果;同时又实施了污水改性技术,使设备的腐蚀得到缓解。2002年平均腐蚀速度降低到0.0669 mm/a和0.0617 mm/a,达到部颁标准(≤0.076 mm/a)。现场设备和管线穿孔和报废率均有大幅度下降,初步达到了控制腐蚀的目的。 相似文献
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涂层大气腐蚀的模糊综合评定 总被引:7,自引:2,他引:7
此文将模糊理论应用于涂层的大气腐蚀试验,针对对比性腐蚀试验结果,提出了涂层保护性能大气腐蚀模糊综合评定方法。本法具有简捷、迅速、准确等优点。 相似文献
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Ensemble of corrosion indices was combined to study the corrosion tendency of the drinking water supply at the University
of Benin, Nigeria. The experimental results were analysed in terms of three corrosion indices-Langelier Index, Ryznar Index
and Larson–Skold Index. According to the evaluation, the Langelier Index ranged from −5.569 to −3.684, Ryznar Index was between
13.340 and 16.418 while the Larson–Skold Index was between 1.191 and 31.750. Results indicated that the water may be corrosive.
A regression of these indices on iron concentration (ppm) showed that Langelier Index, Ryznar Index and Larson–Skold Index
have R
2 of 0.5868, 0.6577 and 0.7063, respectively. The positive correlation between iron levels and the corrosion indices suggested
that iron levels were directly related to increase in corrosion tendency. 相似文献
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Kikuchi R 《Environmental management》2001,27(6):837-844
The major contributors to global acidification are sulfur oxides and nitrogen oxides emitted mostly by the burning of fossil
fuels. From the scientific point of view, it is necessary to make a clear distinction between sulfur dioxide and sulfur trioxide
when referring to sulfur oxides. These two air pollutants have different properties. This paper reports the following aspects:
the strong effect of sulfur trioxide on local human health (a case study of asthma in Yokkaichi), the problem of corrosion
caused by sulfur trioxide, the difference in analytical methods for determining sulfur dioxide concentrations and sulfur trioxide
concentrations, and the difference in removal methods for sulfur dioxide and sulfur trioxide. An important initiative at the
third European conference of environment ministers was that the issue of human health related to local air pollution should
be given priority over that of global pollution. The declines in the emissions of sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides have
mainly been effective in reducing acidification due to long-range transport. The reduction in sulfur trioxide may be more
effective in improving local human health mentioned in the initiative. 相似文献
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Immanuel Raj Soosaiprakasam Amornvadee Veawab 《International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control》2008,2(4):553-562
This work reveals levels of corrosion rate and polarization behavior of carbon steel immersed in aqueous solutions of monoethanolamine (MEA) used in the absorption-based carbon dioxide (CO2) capture process for greenhouse gas reduction from industrial flue gas streams. Such information was obtained from electrochemical-based corrosion experiments under a wide range of the CO2 capture process conditions. The corrosion of carbon steel was evaluated in respect to process parameters including partial pressure of oxygen (O2), CO2 loading in solution, solution velocity, solution temperature, MEA concentration and metal surface condition. Results show that the aqueous MEA solution containing CO2 provides a favorable condition for the corrosion of carbon steel to proceed. Corrosion rate is increased by all tested process parameters. These parametric effects were explained by the electrochemical kinetic data obtained from polarization curves and by the thermodynamic data obtained from Pourbaix diagram. 相似文献
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综述了各种因素对镁合金大气腐蚀的影响,其中介绍了单一因素NaCl及两种因素协同作用对镁合金大气腐蚀的影响。同时介绍了镁合金大气电偶腐蚀的影响因素与Al含量对镁合金大气腐蚀的影响。简述了研究镁合金大气腐蚀的几种常用表征手段。 相似文献
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研究了天然高分子改性两性水处理剂CGAC在1mol/LHCl中对A3钢的缓蚀性能,讨论了药剂投加量、温度和药剂在酸中存放时间对缓蚀性能的影响。结果表明药剂CGAC具有较好的缓蚀性能,在CGAC投加量为60mg/L时,缓蚀率达96.6%,且具有长效缓蚀性能。初步分析CGAC是吸附成膜型缓蚀剂,其吸附在金属表面后增大了腐蚀的表观活化能。 相似文献