炼化废水中COD与BOD_5相关性的探讨

为了及时掌握炼化废水的BOD5值,因此对COD与BOD5之间的相关性进行了探讨试验;COD与BOD5的测定采用国家标准方法,连续20d,用最小二乘法计算COD与BOD5的相关关系式;通过相关式由COD值可求出当天相应的BOD5值,为及时调整污水处理设施提供依据。     

痕量分析中的分析空白

在痕量分析中,样品的玷污是极易发生的,通过对国内外文献调查,比较系统地阐述了由玷污而引起的正空白（分析空白）对分析结果准确度及检测下限的影响;指出了分析空白产生的原因主要由环境、试剂、器。及分析者对样品的玷污所引起;提出了检测和扣除空白值的正确方法及评价痕量分析数据的准则。     

对提高青海省环境质量监测综合分析能力的思考

针对青海省环境质量综合分析中存在的问题,对如何改进和提高环境质量综合分析能力提出了建议。     

综合分析与环境监测

本文就加强综合分析工作做了详细的阐述,从综合分析的内涵和特点,以及综合分析的地位、作用、现状、途径等诸方面做了系统详尽的论述.     

关于不确定度评定中两个问题的讨论

通过对环境监测仪器分析不确定度评定中,标准不确定度和相对标准不确定度的单位来源以及关于相对标准不确定度两种计算方法的讨论,得出标准不确定度是有量纲的、相对标准不确定度是无量纲的;最大允许误差较易获得,用这种方法计算不确定度有很好的可靠性。相对标准偏差计算不确定度则结果更好。     

平行双样对天然气中硫化物采样的质量控制

为了研究平行双样对天然气中硫化物采样质量控制措施的可靠性,对现场采集的８对硫化物平行样用对氨基二甲基苯胺光度法进行测定。对测定结果及相对偏差进行Ｗ（Ｓｈａｐｉｒｏ－Ｗｉｌｋ）检验,检验结果说明平行双样相对偏差服从正态分布,数据的一致性较好,说明用平行双样对采样进行质量控制是可行的。文中还用Ｇｒｕｂｂｓ检验法计算出在该实验条件下测定天然气中硫化物平行双样的相对偏差质量控制范围为１．９３％±１２．５％。     

熵法估参在环境监测数据频率分析中的应用

以最大信息熵原理为理论基础的熵法估参方法,是一种具有严格物理和数学意义的新型参数估计方法,本文针对珠江广州河段主要污染物含量长年监测数据,对比熵法与传统方法矩法对四参数Г分布的估参结果,并以频率绝对离盖和最小为准则进行判定,结果表明,熵法估参结果与矩法总体上相当接近,且大部分样本的熵法估计参数优于矩法,在环境监测数据频率分析中具有实用性和推广价值。     

关于水中总α总β放射性测量监测方法改进的探讨

目前国内关于水中总α、总β放射性测量相关标准还不够细化,操作规程在一些细节方面还存在部分问题,为减小实验误差,提高实验准确度,对监测方法进行了改进.对前期水中总α、总β放射性监测的实验过程进行经验总结,对实验条件进行优化改进,通过回收率和准确度对实验结果进行验证.对水中总α、总β放射性监测实验过程中的水样放置时间、蒸发...     

The environmental audit. I. Concepts

Extensive criticism of water quality monitoring programs has developed as costs are compared with the benefits produced by monitoring efforts. Collecting water quality data while developing understanding of the functional character of the environment will improve water quality monitoring data utility in environmental management. The environmental audit characterizes the attributes of the natural environment (that is, attribute type, intensity, and variability), providing a theoretical as well as practical foundation for data interpretation. In the view proposed here, traditional monitoring means the very narrow activity of collecting samples and perhaps analyzing them and storing the analyses. In the environmental audit, these activities are a mechanism to systematically improve environmental monitoring and assessment by improving the design and implementation of environmental programs. Major reasons why existing programs fail to meet the needs of legislators, regulators, and conservationists are identified.     

对氨基二甲基苯胺光度法测定水样中硫化物的几个问题

本文介绍用对氨基二甲基苯胺光度法测定水样中硫化物时,如何降低空白值、提高硫化钠标液的稳定度以及提高酸化吹气回收率的原理和方法。     

A travel cost study to estimate recreational value for a bird refuge at Lake Manyas, Turkey

This paper investigates the recreational economic value of bird watching in the Ku?cenneti National Park (KNP) at Lake Manyas, one of the Ramsar sites of Turkey and an important endangered species habitat. The lake and KNP provide considerable benefits for the region, although they have faced many environmental conflicts due to diverse stakeholders’ needs. An economic valuation for the benefits provided by the KNP is important data for stakeholders and local authorities. The travel cost method is used to estimate recreational demand for the KNP. The recreational value of the KNP is 103,320,074 USD annually. Results shed light on important policy issues and help to resolve conflicts among stakeholders. This calculated value is considerably higher than the annual investment and operation expenditures of the KNP. Sustainability of the important species around the lake could be achieved if the region's inhabitants are compensated by KNP visitors.     

浅谈县级市环境监测与环境管理的关系

监测与管理是环保工作中最基本、最重要的两个方面,本文较详细地探讨了县级市环境监测和环境管理的定义、范围及内容,并从依靠与服务的根本关系上强调;只有两者有机结合、互相支持才能搞好新形势下的环保工作。     

Detection and decision-making in environmental effects monitoring

The majority of environmental effects monitoring (EEM) frameworks that have been proposed compare selected indicator variables as a means of assessing whether significant changes in stressed ecosystems have occurred. Most are deterministic in nature and do not appropriately account for the natural variability and dynamics within the systems being comapred. This suggests that the comparative procedures should be statistically based and immediately raises the issue of whether the selected comparative procedures are to be used as decision-making tools or conclusive procedures. Conclusive procedures require a significant body of evidence before rejecting the postulated null hypothesis. The costs and time involved in environmental data collection accordingly bias action toward the maintenance of a status quo approach to environmental management. if, however, EEM is treated as a decision-making procedure, risk functions that include consideration of type I and II statistical error may be developed and combined with costs to select a minimum expected loss strategy for environemental management. Examples of the interpretative difficulties and conclusion reversal phenomena caused when EEM is used as a conclusive procedure are presented. In addition, risk functions appropriate for environmental management within an EEM context are constructed and applied. Only when such tools are fully developed and applied can EEM expect to have significant impacts on minimizing environmental degradation.     

县级环境监测站质量保证工作的讨论

本文根据县级环境监测站的实际情况,从外部和内部两方面因素出发,讨论了开展质量保证工作的具体作法。     

德阳市全域环境监测网络现状及建设思考

经过近30年的发展,德阳市已经初步形成了环境质量、重点污染源、应急监测等环境监测网络。通过对德阳市环境监测网络现状进行分析,总结存在的问题和不足。按照适度超前,分步实施的思路,从建立和完善环境质量监测网络、污染源自动监测网络、环境应急监测网络、农村环境监测网络、环境监测信息网络5个方面对德阳市全域监测网络建设进行论述,并结合德阳市经济社会发展水平和工业布局,对如何提高监测网络运行效率,形成区域监测合力提出有针对性的建议。