土壤铅污染修复工艺论述

综述了土壤铅污染修复技术。目前应用于土壤铅污染修复技术可以分为物理化学修复技术和生物修复技术。其中物理化学修复技术又包含电动修复技术、固化稳定技术、土壤淋洗法。生物修复技术主要有植物修复技术和微生物修复技术。近年来,随着研究的深入,出现了摩擦清洗法、泡沫浮选法处理土壤铅污染新技术。     

生活垃圾焚烧技术与资源化技术问题的分析

论述了垃圾焚烧是绿色技术,生活垃圾焚烧技术适于大中城市,是低碳技术的错误论点。指明厌氧发酵与干馏气化技术必将取代垃圾焚烧技术。提出了生活垃圾资源化技术发展中的问题。     

电炉及烧结烟气二恶英治理技术研究

介绍了电炉及烧结冶炼过程中二恶英的生成机理,并对烟气二恶英治理技术的技术特点、应用现状等进行整理,其中四项技术已有工程应用案例:急冷技术、吸附技术、催化降解技术,及二级除尘技术。对这四项较为成熟的技术分别进行深入研究,最终结合技术指标及经济性进行评估。研究发现,急冷技术长期运行费用最低,且脱除效率高,适合于高温烟气二恶英的治理;吸附技术初期投资最低,但运行成本过高,该项技术的推广需要深入研究经济性及技术可行的吸附剂回收方案。     

基于生命周期的水泥窑协同处置生活垃圾技术环境影响评价

水泥窑协同处置生活垃圾技术既能实现生活垃圾的减容,同时垃圾可为水泥工业提供能量和原料,降低水泥行业能源和资源的消耗。但与传统的生活垃圾处置技术相比,该技术的环境效益仍有待考察。采用生命周期评价方法,分析了水泥窑协同处置生活垃圾技术的环境影响,并与传统的垃圾焚烧技术和垃圾填埋技术进行了对比。结果表明:水泥原料制备和水泥生产过程是水泥窑协同处置生活垃圾技术产生环境影响的主要环节;相比于垃圾焚烧技术和垃圾填埋技术,水泥窑协同处置生活垃圾技术在全球变暖潜值方面表现最优,分别降低了2.4%和3.6%;在富营养化潜值方面,该技术高于垃圾焚烧技术但低于垃圾填埋技术;在酸化潜值和人体毒性潜值方面,该技术表现不佳,在未来发展中需要引起重视。随着水泥窑协同处置生活垃圾技术的成熟与优化,其环境表现将会越来越好,是一项环境友好的固废处置技术。     

《环境工程技术学报》征稿启事

正《环境工程技术学报》是中华人民共和国环境保护部主管、中国环境科学研究院主办,面向国内外公开发行的环境工程技术领域综合性科技期刊。本刊的主要栏目有:水污染控制技术与资源化利用,大气污染控制技术与清洁能源的利用,土壤污染防治与农村环境综合整治技术,固体废物污染防治与资源化技术,生物、生态工程与恢复技术,基于循环经济的污染综合防治技术,辐射与振动污染防治技术,其他环境系统工程与管理技术(包括环境信息集成技术、监     

水污染防治成套技术系统成熟度评估方法研究:以湖滨带生态修复技术评估为例

在水专项技术就绪度评估准则的基础上,对水污染防治成套技术成熟度进行研究,并以湖滨带生态修复技术为例进行实例验证。成套技术成熟度不仅与技术成熟度有关,还与技术之间的集成成熟度有关,采用系统成熟度矩阵算法计算成套技术成熟度。通过对湖滨带生态修复技术"十一五之前"、"十一五"、"十二五"系统成熟度评估,对湖滨带生态修复技术发展情况进行掌控,结果表明发展程度较低的技术是制约整个系统成熟度的瓶颈。     

难降解有机物的生物处理技术进展

难降解有机物严重污染和威胁人类身体健康,因此难降解有机物的治理技术研究是目前水污染防治研究的热点与难点。近年来,难降解有机物的生物处理技术研究取得了广泛的成果。目前运用生物技术处理难降解有机物的主要技术路线,包括共代谢技术、缺氧反硝化技术、高效菌种技术、细胞固定化技术、厌氧水解酸化预处理技术。     

《环境工程技术学报》征稿启事

正《环境工程技术学报》是中华人民共和国环境保护部主管、中国环境科学研究院主办,面向国内外公开发行的环境工程技术领域综合性科技期刊。本刊的主要栏目有:水污染控制技术与资源化利用,大气污染控制技术与清洁能源的利用,土壤污染防治与农村环境综合整治技术,固体废物污染防治与资源化技术,生物、生态工程与恢复技术,基于循环经济的污染综合防治技术,辐射与振动污染防治技术,其他环境系统工程与管理技术(包括环境信息集成技术、监测与监控技术、区域环境整治及城市污染综合治理示范性工程技术等)方面的研究新成果论文、环境工程新     

韩国环境技术研发经验及启示

解决环境污染问题,技术是必要手段。环境技术研发为应对日益严重的环境问题提供了重要技术支撑。韩国在环境技术研发体系确立、环境技术法律法规制定、环境技术研发项目规划方面的丰富经验,对推动我国环境技术研发有颇多启示。     

铬污染场地修复技术研究及应用

综述了国内外铬污染场地修复技术的研究动态,探讨了铬污染修复技术研发的需求,重点讨论了铬污染土壤的主要修复技术如:土壤清洗技术、化学解毒技术、电动修复技术和稳定化技术等。并针对这些技术存在的不足,开发了化学解毒与稳定化联合技术,对山西某铬渣堆存场地中受污染土壤进行修复。结果表明:运用化学解毒与稳定化联合技术可以降低污染土壤中总铬和六价铬的浸出浓度,稳定效果好且能在工程实际中高效应用。     

内高压成形技术现状与发展趋势

介绍了内高压成形原理、工艺分类、优点、应用范围和适用材料 ,综述了国外内高压成形在工业领域尤其汽车工业的应用情况 ,给出了用内高压成形制造的典型结构件、枝杈管件、异形管件和空心轴类件。详细介绍了国内研制的 4 0 0MPa内高压成形机参数及在该设备上试制的铝合金管件、不锈钢管件、空心阶梯轴和轿车后轴纵臂等内高压成形件。最后探讨了内高压成形需要深入研究的课题和发展趋势     

LDR and hydroforming limit for deep drawing of AA5754 aluminum sheet

The goal of the research was to determine the limits and conditions in which the sheet hydroforming process provides a significant advantage over stamping in deep drawing of AA5754 aluminum sheets. Specifically, the maximum draw depth achievable by stamping, warm stamping (WF), sheet hydroforming (SHF), and sheet thermo-hydroforming (THF) of AA5754 aluminum alloy were quantified through experimental and computational modeling. A limited number of forming experiments were conducted with AA5754 aluminum sheets using a cylindrical punch and counteracting fluid at different temperatures and pressures. Several parameters, such as force–displacement, hydroforming pressure and temperature, and the maximum draw depth prior to wrinkling or tearing were measured during the forming process to make comparisons with simulations. The computational study included the simulation of stamping, WF, SHF and THF of AA5754 aluminum sheet with the LS-Dyna code, and the Barlat 2000-2d yield function with temperature-dependent coefficients. To predict the onset of wrinkling and tearing, the numerically generated, temperature-dependent forming limit diagrams (FLDs) based on the Barlat 2000-2d yield function were used. It was found that compared with stamping, SHF and THF can achieve more than 100% deeper draw depths with AA5754 aluminum sheet. The stamping simulations were used also to calculate the optimum blank size and die corner radii for the limiting draw ratio (LDR). The LDR was found to be very sensitive to the punch and die corner radii used in the experiments, which represent the curvature of character lines in an actual part. The LDR for AA5754 aluminum sheet was found to be 1.33 and 2.21 for sharp and round die corner radii, respectively. Overall, it was concluded that SHF is most ideal for deep drawing of aluminum sheets with sharp radii features. With the additional drawability provided by SHF, the automotive industry would be able to make difficult-to-form aluminum parts that cannot be stamped without product concessions such as increasing the die radii.     

板料液压成形技术的发展动态及应用

介绍了板料液压成形技术的发展 ,尤其是近几年发展起来的径向加压的液压成形、液压成对成形和粘性介质压力成形等 3种金属成形技术 ,以及近几年国外板料液压成形设备的开发和应用情况。     

Part 1: Analytical modeling of symmetric multi-nose tube hydroforming

Part 1 of this series of papers presents an analytical model for a multi-nose tube hydroforming process based on a mechanistic approach. In this process, the tube is surrounded by a number of evenly distributed circular dies. The model was established based on equilibrium conditions, yielding criteria, geometrical relationships, and a volume constancy condition. The system of equations was derived and solved for various process parameters. The model validation was performed using finite element analysis and experiments. The model has the ability to predict process parameters such as stresses, strains, internal pressure, geometry variables, and thinning rate distribution. The model could be applied to regular planar tube hydroforming of polygonal shapes such as square, pentagon, or octagon. Details for establishing governing relationships for polygonal shape hydroforming from the multi-nose analytical model are given in Part 2 of this series of papers.     

轿车后轴纵臂内高压成形研究

用400MPa内高压成形机对轿车后轴纵臂进行内高压成形试验研究,设计了合理的模具结构,包括分模面和冲头密封形式。分析了矩形截面圆角成形特点和所需成形压力计算公式,制定出合理的内高压工艺和参数,成功地试制出轿车后轴纵臂,经检测尺寸满足设计要求。     

Part 2: Analytical modeling of regular planar polygon tube hydroforming as a special case of symmetric multi-nose tube hydroforming

Part 2 of this series of papers presents an analytical model for regular planar polygon tube hydroforming (THF) as a special case of the analytical model for symmetric multi-nose tube hydroforming. The governing equations derived for multi-nose THF in Part 1 were evaluated by taking the limit of die geometric variables, resulting in a new set of governing equations for regular polygon THF. The model was validated using finite element analysis and a THF experiment, where good agreement was obtained. The model is able to predict field variables such as stresses and strain distribution, thinning rate distribution, and deformed shape at a particular pressure.     

Failure analysis of hydroforming of sandwich panels

Sandwich panels are commonly used in various applications to improve the stiffness-to-weight ratio of structure components. While producing flat sandwich panel is relatively straightforward, manufacturing of shaped sandwich components can be a challenging task. This paper presents the use of hydroforming technique in forming bi-layered and sandwich materials with an open-cell foam core. Hydraulic bulge experiments were conducted to form bi-layered and sandwich blanks into a dome shape. Various failure modes were observed from the experiments. Finite element simulations were conducted to understand the different failure mechanisms that could occur during the deformation process. The investigation can facilitate the selection of geometry and property of the constituents of the sandwich material for successful hydroforming.     

Hydroforming of locally heat treated tubes

In tube hydroforming, the process chain can be very long as it may involve several pre-forming operations (e.g. bending, crushing, end forming, etc.) which are usually followed by an intermediate annealing stage. Conventional annealing is performed in batches and it is often perceived as a long, relatively expensive and non-environmentally friendly operation. For this reason, in this paper local intermediate heat treatment is proposed as a promising alternative solution, in order to reduce the throughput process time. The study has been carried out on a real tubular motorcycle part, by performing both experiments and numerical simulations, in order to verify whether local annealing can be an effective substitute of conventional global annealing. Several alternative ways of locally heat treating an Al6060 tube right before hydroforming have been investigated. The results demonstrate that a feasible solution can be found, with local heat treatment of relatively small portions of the tube.     

浅谈汽车尾气与人体健康

在介绍汽车尾气的组成以及污染现状,同时阐述了汽车尾气对儿童和成年人的危害,并结合国内外的研究状况将汽车尾气对人体的危害作了总结和展望.     

Initiating automotive component reuse in Malaysia

As the production of local vehicles increases, the impact of end-of-life vehicles (ELVs) wastes to the environment will also increase. ELVs recovery including reuse, remanufacture, and recycle apparently become a strategy in solving this environmental problem. This study identifies the existing conditions of automotive reuse in Malaysia by conducting some interviews in selected local automotive and automotive component manufacturers. Results from the interviews indicated that reuse of automotive components in newly manufactured vehicles has never been practiced by the selected companies. However, there is interest among respondents in developing automotive components for after-market reuse. Some strategies were proposed in this study to initiate automotive components reuse in the local automotive manufacturers including the establishment of the end-of-life directive, enhance research and development on design for reuse and increase reusability and economic benefits of reuse.