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1.
The interactions between metals (Ca2+ and Hg2+) and extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) extracted from the aerobic and anaerobic sludge in wastewater treatment reactors were investigated using a combination of zeta potential measurement and 3-dimensional excitation–emission matrix (EEM) fluorescence spectroscopy with parallel factor (PARAFAC) analysis. Results show that Ca2+ had no substantial effects on the EEM fluorescence spectra of the EPS, but their zeta potentials increased with the increasing Ca2+ dosage. However, Hg2+ had a significant effect on the EEM fluorescence spectra of the EPS, while their zeta potentials seemed not to be affected by the dose of Hg2+. The interactions between Hg2+ and EPS were elucidated using the fluorescence quenching with PARAFAC analysis, while the interactions between Ca2+ and EPS were evaluated by the zeta potential technique. The binding constants for Hg2+ and EPS were two orders of magnitude higher than those for Ca2+ and EPS, suggesting that the binding mechanisms between Ca2+ and EPS were different from those between Hg2+ and EPS. The results might be useful for understanding the roles of EPS in bacterial self-protection against heavy metals and the aggregate formation mechanisms through ionic bridging interactions.  相似文献   

2.
Biodegradability of biofilm extracellular polymeric substances   总被引:15,自引:0,他引:15  
Zhang X  Bishop PL 《Chemosphere》2003,50(1):63-69
This study discovered that biofilm extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) are biodegradable by their own producers and by other microorganisms when they are starved. The study was performed in a comparative fashion to examine the biodegradability of biofilm EPS by the microorganisms from the original biofilm (its own producers) and from activated sludge (other microorganisms). Four distinctive phases were observed during EPS biodegradation. In the first phase, instantaneous concentration increases of carbohydrate and protein in the test solutions were observed when EPS was added; in the second phase, easily biodegradable EPS from the added EPS was quickly utilized; in the third phase, microorganisms began to produce soluble EPS, using the minimally biodegradable EPS left from the previously added EPS; in the fourth phase, cells consumed the newly produced EPS and microbial activity gradually stopped. This study suggests that EPS can be used as a substrate, and that the EPS carbohydrate can be utilized faster than the EPS protein. The EPS utilization rates (including carbohydrate and protein) in the activated sludge suspension were greater than those in the biofilm suspension. It may take microorganisms longer to get acclimated to a new nutrient environment if they are in a starved state.  相似文献   

3.
为研究氧化锌纳米颗粒(ZnO-NPs)和四环素(TC)对SBR系统内活性污泥胞外聚合物(EPS)特性的响应变化,在模拟室外光照条件下,考察了递增浓度ZnO-NPs和TC单独或复合投加方式下对EPS中蛋白质和多糖的影响。结果表明:ZnO-NPs、TC和复合投加系统中EPS的蛋白质含量均明显高于多糖,在各系统中,低浓度的投加量对蛋白质和多糖的含量改变无明显影响;随着浓度的递增和反应周期的延长,相比于空白组,ZnO-NPs系统中的蛋白质和多糖含量分别下降了33.58%和64.75%;TC和复合投加系统中蛋白质含量分别升高了57.86%、68.58%,多糖含量分别下降了43.60%和40.38%,且2个系统蛋白质和多糖含量变化趋势相似,因此,判断复合投加系统可能受TC影响较大。FT-IR分析显示,ZnO-NPs、TC和复合投加系统主要对EPS中蛋白质和多糖中的—OH、—NH2、C=O、C—OH及C—O产生影响。3D-EEM分析表明,EPS中蛋白质基团受到主要影响。该研究可为纳米颗粒和抗生素共存情况下对污泥EPS的影响提供依据。  相似文献   

4.
Increasingly often soil residual concentrations of pharmaceutical antibiotics are detected, while their ecotoxic relevance is scarcely known. Thus, dose related effects of two antibiotics, sulfapyridine and oxytetracycline, on microorganisms of two different topsoils were investigated. The fumigation-extracted microbial C (E(C)) and ergosterol were determined to indicate soil microbial and fungal biomass, respectively. Microbial activity was tested as basal respiration (BR), dehydrogenase activity (DHA), substrate-induced respiration (SIR), and Fe(III) reduction. The BR and DHA were uninfluenced even at antibiotic concentrations of 1000 microg g(-1). This revealed that an activation of microbial growth through nutrient substrate addition is required to test possible effects of the bacteriostatic antibiotics. In addition, the effects of both antibiotics were time dependent, showing that short-term tests were not suitable. Clear dose-response relations were determined with SIR when the short-term incubation of 4h was extended into the growth phase of the microorganisms (24 and 48 h). The Fe(III) reduction test, with a 7-d incubation, was also found to be suitable for toxicity testing of antibiotics in soils. Effective doses inhibiting the microbial activity by 10% (ED(10)) ranged from total antibiotic concentrations of 0.003-7.35 microg g(-1), depending on the antibiotic compound and its soil adsorption. Effective solution concentrations (EC(10)), calculated from distribution coefficients, ranged from 0.2 to 160 ng g(-1). The antibiotics significantly (p<0.05) reduced numbers of soil bacteria, resulting in dose related shifts in the fungal:bacterial ratio, which increased during 14 d, as determined from analysis of ergosterol and E(C). It was concluded that pharmaceutical antibiotics can exert a temporary selective pressure on soil microorganisms even at environmentally relevant concentrations.  相似文献   

5.
真菌胞外聚合物及其与重金属作用机制研究进展   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
真菌胞外聚合物(EPS)是近年来真菌微生物研究的热点,其在食品行业、医药工业和环境重金属污染治理中起着非常重要的作用.综述了国内外关于真菌EPS提取方法、产量影响因素、组成和结构的研究进展;介绍了真菌EPS在环境中与重金属作用机制的研究进展,主要包括胞外吸附和络合机制、草酸盐微沉淀机制和胞外重金属还原机制.在此基础上,展望了真菌EPS在环境重金属污染治理特别是重金属废水处理上的应用前景和亟待解决的研究内容,以便更好地为国内真菌EPS和重金属污染治理等方面的研究提供参考.  相似文献   

6.
废水生物处理领域中胞外聚合物的研究进展   总被引:4,自引:1,他引:3  
胞外聚合物(EPS)是活性污泥的主要组成部分,可影响污泥的表面特性(污泥混合液疏水性和Zeta电位等)、生物絮凝、沉降及脱水等性能.就近年来国内外对EPS空间结构、组成成分、物理化学性质等方面的研究进行了归纳,并结合相关学者的研究成果,综述了EPS在生物膜形成、污泥颗粒化、重金属吸附、生物除磷、膜污染等废水生物处理领域中的研究进展.  相似文献   

7.
为了获得氧化亚铁硫杆菌(Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans,A.f)以及胞外多聚物(extracellular polymeric sub-stances,EPS)对铜浸出的作用结果,进行了透析袋实验,设置2个处理,2者的浸出液均为成熟菌液,但一个将铜片装入透析袋中以隔离A.f及EPS与铜的直接接触。结果表明:(1)菌液的处理和加透析袋的处理中铜都得到了浸出,240 h铜的浸出浓度分别为6 796 mg/L和1 366 mg/L,可知A.f及EPS与铜片直接接触能促进铜的浸出;(2)透析袋的处理中Fe3+保持较高浓度,说明Fe3+与EPS络合后被阻挡在透析袋外面从而不能与铜反应,可知EPS在A.f浸铜中起了媒介载体的作用;(3)2者的SEM图表明无透析袋的处理A.f与铜在实验初期发生了吸附,实验后期则无,实验初期铜快速浸出是由于传质距离短,而后期速度变缓是由于传质距离增大。  相似文献   

8.
以模拟啤酒废水为底物在IC反应器中进行厌氧污泥颗粒化培养,并对污泥颗粒化过程中胞外多聚物(EPS)的主要成分变化及其与细胞表面疏水性和Zeta电位之间的相互关系进行分析,以此来阐述EPS对污泥颗粒化成核的作用。研究结果表明,好氧剩余污泥在经过56 d的培养后,平均粒径由接种时的54.72μm增长到103.46μm,实现了厌氧污泥颗粒化成核过程;EPS蛋白质含量(PN)在颗粒化过程中逐渐由接种时的18.1 mg/g增至54.3 mg/g,而EPS多糖含量(PS)则无明显变化;此外,PN/PS与污泥平均粒径、细胞表面疏水性(RH)以及Zeta电位之间呈正相关关系,相关系数分别为0.9727、0.9593和0.9274。由此可推测:厌氧污泥颗粒化成核过程的主要作用成分为胞外蛋白质,其可以改变污泥细胞表面疏水性和Zeta电位,从而在厌氧污泥颗粒化过程中有着重要的促进作用。  相似文献   

9.
活性污泥胞外聚合物提取方法研究   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
考察4种方法(蒸气法、EDTA法、NaOH法和搅拌法)对3种活性污泥(可乐厌氧活性污泥、可乐好氧活性污泥和市政污水污泥)胞外聚合物的提取效率,对比分析了各提取方法对不同样品提取所得胞外聚合物的组成影响,结果表明,EDTA法提取多糖的效率最高,提取市政污水污泥、可乐好氧活性污泥和可乐厌氧活性污泥胞外聚合物糖分别在8.3、16.7和9.7 mg/g VSS左右;NaOH提取蛋白质的效率最高,提取市政污水污泥、可乐好氧活性污泥和可乐厌氧活性污泥胞外聚合物蛋白质分别为:3.15、0.55和5.57 mg/g VSS.对于3种不同种类污泥,EDTA法提取EPS总量效率最高,分别为市政污水污泥10.7 mg/g VSS、可乐好氧活性污泥16.8 mg/g VSS和可乐厌氧活性污泥9.97 mg/g VSS,分别比效率最低的搅拌法高出5倍、5倍和3倍.  相似文献   

10.
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The water in sludge is trapped within the extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) with gelatinous structure, greatly challenging the sludge deep...  相似文献   

11.
活性污泥胞外聚合物提取方法研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
考察4种方法(蒸气法、EDTA法、NaOH法和搅拌法)对3种活性污泥(可乐厌氧活性污泥、可乐好氧活性污泥和市政污水污泥)胞外聚合物的提取效率,对比分析了各提取方法对不同样品提取所得胞外聚合物的组成影响,结果表明,EDTA法提取多糖的效率最高,提取市政污水污泥、可乐好氧活性污泥和可乐厌氧活性污泥胞外聚合物糖分别在8.3、16.7和9.7 mg/g VSS左右;NaOH提取蛋白质的效率最高,提取市政污水污泥、可乐好氧活性污泥和可乐厌氧活性污泥胞外聚合物蛋白质分别为:3.15、0.55和5.57 mg/g VSS.对于3种不同种类污泥,EDTA法提取EPS总量效率最高,分别为市政污水污泥10.7 mg/g VSS、可乐好氧活性污泥16.8 mg/g VSS和可乐厌氧活性污泥9.97 mg/g VSS,分别比效率最低的搅拌法高出5倍、5倍和3倍.  相似文献   

12.
为比较不同方法对曝气池活性污泥胞外聚合物(EPS)的提取效果,采用6种方法对EPS进行提取。结果表明:热碱法对EPS的提取量最大,提取总量为64.95 mg·g-1;其次是NaOH法、CER法和加热法,超声法和硫酸法对EPS的提取效果不佳,提取量低于10 mg·g-1;在所提取的EPS中,多糖含量高于蛋白质。为研究pH、水浴温度和时间对热碱法提取效果的影响,采用正交实验对热碱法的提取条件进行优化,确定热碱法提取EPS的适宜条件为水浴温度80℃,加热时间10 min,pH 13,该条件下蛋白质和多糖的提取量达到最大,分别为29.55 mg·g-1和33.37 mg·g-1。  相似文献   

13.
Wang Z  Liu L  Yao J  Cai W 《Chemosphere》2006,63(10):1728-1735
The effects of extracellular polymeric substances on aerobic granulation in sequencing batch reactors were investigated by evaluating the content and compositions of extracellular polymeric substances, and the relationship between extracellular polymeric substances composition and surface properties of glucose-fed aerobic granules. The results showed that extracellular polymeric substances could affect surface properties of cells, such as surface charge and hydrophobicity, enhance polymeric interaction and promote aerobic granulation. Moreover, extracellular polymeric substances were produced mainly in the exponential phase, and served as carbon and energy source in starvation phase during granulation process, thus regulating the growth of bacteria in the interior and exterior of granules, and maintaining the integrality of granules.  相似文献   

14.
Extracellular Polymeric Substances (EPS) are the predominant constituents of activated sludge and dramatically affect its properties. As EPS constitute as much as 50–90% of the solid phase of sludge, the use of EPS may bring a great reduction in sludge volume and mass, which have been great environmental interest. In this paper, results of over 60 publications related to structure, composition, storing condition, extraction and characteristics of EPS and their influences on behaviours of EPS is analysed. Possible application of EPS in heavy metal contamination is also discussed, together with a brief consideration of possible research interests.  相似文献   

15.
Extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) were extracted from four anaerobic granular sludges with different procedures to study their involvement in biosorption of metallic elements. EPS extracts are composed of closely associated organic and mineral fractions. The EPS macromolecules (proteins, polysaccharides, humic-like substances, nucleic, and uronic acids) have functional groups potentially available for the binding of metallic elements. The acidic constants of these ionizable groups are: pK a1 (4–5) corresponding to the carboxyl groups; pK a2 (6–7) corresponding to the phosphoric groups; pK a3 (8–10) and pK a4 (≈10) corresponding to the phenolic, hydroxyl, and amino groups. The polarographic study confirms the higher affinity of the EPS to bind to lead than to cadmium. Moreover, the binding of these metallic compounds with the EPS is a mix of several sorption mechanisms including surface complexation, ion exchange, and flocculation. Inorganic elements were found as ions linked to organic molecules or as solid particles. The mineral fraction affects the binding properties of the EPS, as the presence of salts decreases the EPS binding ability. Calcite and apatite particles observed on SEM images of EPS extracts can also sorb metallic elements through ion exchange or surface complexation.  相似文献   

16.
为探讨脉冲曝气活性污泥胞外聚合物(EPS)的产生特性及其与脱氮效率的关系,研究了在脉冲曝气装置中曝气时间5 min及停曝时间10 min的条件下,松散结合型胞外聚合物(LB-EPS)与紧密结合型胞外聚合物(TB-EPS)的变化规律,并分析EPS与脱氮效率之间的关系。结果表明:脉冲曝气活性污泥LB-EPS的含量低于TB-EPS含量,且随着脉冲驯化的进行,EPS的含量持续增长。三维荧光图谱(3D-EEM)分析表明脉冲曝气的LB-EPS的色氨酸荧光峰产生红移,TB-EPS的色氨酸荧光强度增大,说明了脉冲曝气驯化过程导致了活性污泥胞外聚合物中色氨酸蛋白类物质含量呈增加趋势。对比研究表明:脉冲曝气氨氮(NH4+-N)去除率在80%左右,与连续曝气相近;而总氮(TN)去除率在50%左右,高于连续曝气20%。脉冲曝气下,EPS对于脱氮有抑制作用,EPS与NH4+-N及TN的去除率之间呈负相关的关系,LB-EPS与TN去除率之间负相关;TB-EPS与NH4+-N去除率负相关且关系显著。  相似文献   

17.
Lingbo L  Song Y  Congbi H  Guangbo S 《Chemosphere》2005,60(4):467-476
Refinery effluent-derived humic substances (HS) are important for developing refinery effluent reclamation techniques and studying the environmental chemistry of wastewater effluents. In this study, dissolved organic matter (DOM) from refinery effluent was concentrated using a portable reverse osmosis (RO) system. HS were isolated from RO retentates with XAD-8 resin. A variety of approaches such as specific UV absorbance at 254nm (SUV(254)), elemental analysis, size exclusion chromatography (SEC), solid-state cross polarization magic angle spinning (13)C nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry ((13)C CPMAS NMR), Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FTIR), and electrospray ionization/ion trap/mass spectrometry (ESI/ion trap/MS) were employed for characterization of HS. The portable RO system exhibited high yield and recovery of DOM for concentrating refinery effluent. The concentration of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in the refinery effluent was 9.9mg/l, in which humic acids (HA) and fulvic acids (FA) accounted for 2.3% and 34.6%, respectively. Elemental and SUV(254) analyses indicated relative high amounts of aliphatic structures and low amounts of aromatic structures in refinery effluent-derived HS. Refinery effluent-derived HS displayed lower molecular weight than natural HS. The number-average molecular weight (M(n)) and the weight-average molecular weight (M(w)) of HA were 1069 and 2934, and those of FA were 679 and 1212 by SEC, respectively. By ESI/ion trap/MS, the M(n) and the M(w) of FA were 330 and 383. Four kinds of carbon structures (aliphatic, aromatic, heteroaliphatic, and carboxylic carbons) were found in refinery effluent-derived HS by (13)C NMR analysis. The quantitative results support the interpretation that these HS are rich in aliphatic carbons and poor in aromatic carbons. Proteinaceous materials were identified by FTIR analysis in refinery effluent-derived HS.  相似文献   

18.
BACKGROUND, AIM, AND SCOPE: Chromium(VI) resistance and its association with extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) concentration in cyanobacteria was investigated. Increased EPS concentration was associated with Cr(VI) resistance. The most resistant isolate, Chroococcus sp. H(4), secreted the most EPS (427 mg/L). MATERIALS AND METHODS: EPS concentration of the two most resistant isolates (Chroococcus sp. H(4) and Synechocystis sp. S(63)) was investigated following exposure to 15 and 35 ppm Cr(VI). The composition of EPS produced by Chroococcus sp. H(4) following exposure to 10 ppm Cr(VI) was analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography. Control EPS was composed of glucose (99%) and galactronic acid (1%); in the presence of 10 ppm Cr(VI), EPS composition changed to glucose (9%), xylose (75%), rhamnose (14%), and galacturonic acid (2%). RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: Results indicated that (1) exposure to elevated concentrations of Cr(VI) affected the composition of EPS produced by Chroococcus sp. H(4), and (2) there was a correlation between Cr(VI) resistance and EPS concentration in some cyanobacteria.  相似文献   

19.
不同状态下的同一污泥胞外聚合物提取方法研究   总被引:6,自引:2,他引:6  
以由厌氧污泥向好氧污泥转变前后2种不同状态下的污泥为研究对象,采用5种不同方法对污泥胞外聚合物(EPS)进行了提取实验。实验结果表明,NaOH法提取的EPS含量最高,但会导致胞内物质泄漏。CER和离心提取法较温和,但EPS产量不高。甲醛-NaOH和H2SO4法提取的EPS含量较高,且无大量细胞自溶发生,是有效的EPS提取方法。厌氧污泥转变为好氧污泥后蛋白质/多糖(PN/PS)比例有所增加,表明EPS各组分含量发生改变。红外分析表明厌氧污泥转变为好氧污泥前后EPS中主要组成成分没有发生改变,但各成分含量有所增加,特征明显的峰表明EPS中存在蛋白质、多聚糖。  相似文献   

20.
活性污泥胞外聚合物在污水处理过程中的荧光特性   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
李志华  刘毅  张芹  张妍 《环境工程学报》2015,9(7):3172-3176
采用三维荧光光谱法对活性污泥的微生物代谢过程进行了分析。通过分析活性污泥进入内源呼吸过程的EPS中荧光性物质的变化规律,发现疏松结合的胞外聚合物(LB-EPS)荧光光谱的微生物代谢产物峰在内源呼吸前期就开始下降,下降比例为11%,而LB-EPS荧光光谱图中的类蛋白荧光峰和紧密结合的胞外物质(TB-EPS)荧光光谱图的类溶解性微生物代谢产物荧光峰在内源呼吸的后期下降,下降比例分别为18%和14%,在前期分别升高了34%和372%。另外,提出了通过疏松的胞外聚合物(LB-EPS)荧光偏移量来分析污水处理过程特性,得出荧光峰位置的偏移量与污水厂的出水COD、氨氮和污泥内源呼吸比具有很好的相关性,相关系数分别为0.943、0.825和0.941。  相似文献   

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