一株嗜油不动杆菌(Acinetobacter oleivorans)的分离鉴定及石油降解特性

从石油污染土壤分离到30株石油降解菌,经复筛得到一株适应能力强、对石油降解效率高的优势菌株JC3-1。该菌株在温度为20~40℃、pH 5~9、盐度(NaCl)为0~3%(W/V)条件下生长良好。在以4 g/L原油为惟一碳源的培养基中生长15 d后对原油的降解率达42.15%。通过形态学观察、生理生化实验及16S rDNA序列分析,初步鉴定属于嗜油不动杆菌(Acinetobacter oleivorans)。菌株在以正戊烷、正己烷、十六烷、十八烷、苯、甲苯、二甲苯、邻苯二酚、萘、芘为惟一碳源培养基中都能很好生长。用特异性PCR检测发现,JC3-1具有酰基辅酶A脱氢酶、苹果酸合成酶、异柠檬酸裂合酶、TonB-依赖性铁载体受体、铁载体受体蛋白、多功能脂肪酸氧化酶复合体α亚单位等代谢功能基因,及烷烃单加氧酶、芳烃双加氧酶、联苯双加氧酶、邻苯二酚双加氧酶、萘双加氧酶、甲苯双加氧酶等降解功能基因。     

一株芘的高效降解菌的选育及其降解性能研究

旨在为多环芳烃污染环境的生物修复提供微生物资源和科学依据,从某焦化厂曝气池的活性污泥中分离纯化出一株降解芘的优势菌株B-1,该菌株可在以芘为惟一碳源的培养基中生长繁殖,能利用芘的最高浓度为130 mg/L左右.经形态学观察、生理生化实验及l6S rDNA序列分析,初步判断菌株B-1为芽胞杆菌属.投菌量、芘初始浓度、pH...     

石油污染土壤中芘高效降解菌群的筛选及降解特性研究

从长期受石油污染土壤中驯化筛选到能以芘为惟一碳源生长的混合菌群GP3,其主要由假单胞菌株GP3A(Pseudomonas sp.)和菌株GP3B(Pandoraea pnomenusa)组成.采用摇瓶振荡培养方法,研究了不同环境条件对混合菌GP3降解芘效能的影响.结果表明,在30℃,150 r/min振荡培养下,混合菌GP3对15 mg/L芘的7 d降解率为90.6%.混合菌GP3降解芘的最适宜温度为35℃,最佳pH值为6.2.加入低浓度葡萄糖(100 mg/L)或菲(10 mg/L)作为共代谢底物,均可提高GP3对芘的降解率.混合菌对芘的降解速率(PDR)与芘的初始浓度呈正相关.研究重金属离子胁迫下GP3对芘的降解时发现,10 ms/L Zn2 的存在对芘降解效能影响较小,Cu2 对芘的降解有抑制作用,Cd2 对混合菌GP3有很强的毒性.     

一株生物表面活性剂产生菌的筛选鉴定及其特性

利用蓝色凝胶平板筛选法,从华北某油田受污染的土壤中分离筛选得到1株优良的生物表面活性剂产生菌H1。通过生理生化特征及16S rRNA基因序列相似性分析,将其鉴定为肺炎克雷伯氏菌(Klebsiella pneumoniae)。薄层层析和红外光谱分析表明,该菌株所产生物表面活性剂为磷脂类生物表面活性剂。对其所产生物表面活性剂的稳定性进行研究,并考察影响该生物表面活性剂合成的因素。稳定性实验显示,该生物表面活性剂可耐受90℃的高温,对pH有较广泛的适应性(pH 6.5~11.0),NaCl浓度对其生物活性影响不大。以蔗糖为碳源,硝酸铵为氮源,初始pH 6.5~7.0,30℃的培养条件有利于该生物表面活性剂的合成,生物表面活性剂的产量可达0.742 g/L。该研究成果可为原油的驱油降黏提供有效的菌源和理论依据。     

对氨基苯磺酸降解菌的分离及其特性研究

从温州地区受污染的河水中分离到一株能降解对氨基苯磺酸的菌株WZR-3,该菌株能以对氨基苯磺酸为惟一碳源、能源生长。经对其形态特征、生理生化以及16S rDNA序列分析,该菌株初步鉴定为人苍白杆菌(Ochrobactrum anthropi)。该菌株利用对氨基苯磺酸生长时最适生长温度和pH值分别为30℃和7。该菌在10 g/L对氨基苯磺酸时仍能生长,最适生长浓度为300 mg/L对氨基苯磺酸。降解底物广谱性测试表明,该菌株还能降解多种芳香类化合物。     

一株1，2-二氯苯降解菌的分离鉴定及其降解特性

采用富集驯化方法,从盐城芦苇湿地根际土壤中分离得到一株可高效降解1,2-二氯苯的菌株,命名为DL-1。该菌株可以在以1,2-二氯苯为惟一碳源的无机培养基上生长,能够耐受最高浓度为200 mg/L的1,2-二氯苯。根据形态特征观察、生理生化鉴定和16S rDNA序列同源性分析,该目标菌株被鉴定为蜡质芽孢杆菌（Bacillus cereus）。菌株DL-1对1,2-二氯苯降解性能研究表明,该菌株为一株兼性厌氧菌,其适宜降解浓度、适宜温度、适宜pH值和适宜接种量分别为120mg/L、32℃、7和10%,在适宜降解条件下降解12,-二氯苯4 d其降解率达到80.3%。本实验为利用该菌株降解12,-二氯苯污水的应用提供了理论基础。     

Degradation of phenol by Acinetobacter strain isolated from aerobic granules

Aerobic granules effectively degrade phenol at high concentrations from which no Acinetobacter species, that can effectively degrade high concentrations of phenol, have ever been isolated from aerobic granules. The phenol-fed aerobic granule studied was made by merging several smaller granules, each with a core of proteins and nucleic acids surrounded by an outer layer enriched with polysaccharides. In the present study, a strain of Acinetobacter sp. was isolated from the phenol-fed aerobic granules and was identified using DNA sequencing. The fluorescent in situ hybridisation combined with the confocal laser scanning microscope test revealed that the isolated Acinetobacter strain was mainly distributed in the core regime of granule. Batch tests revealed that the suspended Acinetobacter strain could effectively degrade phenol at an initial phenol concentration of up to 1000 mg l(-1) with no cell growth taking place at a phenol concentration of 1500 mg l(-1). The Haldane model describes the inhibitory kinetics of the phenol degradation data. The suspended Acinetobacter strain had a propensity to attach to the surface of sterilized polyurethane foam at a concentration of 12.3mg dry cells mg(-1) dry foam. The immobilized cells could not only degrade phenol at a rate similar to the suspended cells at phenol concentration of 500 mg l(-1), but also effectively degraded phenol at 1500 mg l(-1). The polysaccharides outer layer protected the Acinetobacter strain from phenol's toxicity; while the strain may also contribute to bioaggregation of the granule for its high propensity to attach to solid surface.     

Biodegradation of acetochlor by a newly isolated Achromobacter sp. strain D-12

A highly effective acetochlor-degrading bacterial strain (D-12) was isolated from the soil of a pesticide factory. The strain was identified as Achromobacter sp. based on its 16S rRNA gene sequence. The strain D-12 optimally degrades acetochlor at a pH of 7.0 and a temperature of 30°C in a mineral salts medium (MSM). Approximately 95% of acetochlor was degraded by the stain treated at a concentration of 10 mg L^?1 after 5 days of incubation. A chiral high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) system was used to study the enantioselectivity during the process. However, no obvious enantioselective biodegradation was observed. The primary biodegradation acetochlor products were identified by high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectroscopy (HPLC-MS) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The results indicated that the strain D-12 could be applied in the bioremediation of an acetochlor-polluted environment.     

Effective utilization of dichloromethane by a newly isolated strain Methylobacterium rhodesianum H13

An effective dichloromethane (DCM) utilizer Methylobacterium rhodesianum H13 was isolated from activated sludge. A response surface methodology was conducted, and the optimal conditions were found to be 4.5 g/L Na₂HPO₄·12H₂O, 0.5 g/L (NH₄)₂SO₄, an initial pH of 7.55, and a temperature of 33.7 °C. The specific growth rate of 0.25 h^?1 on 10 mM DCM was achieved, demonstrating that M. rhodesianum H13 was superior to the other microorganisms in previous investigations of DCM utilization. DCM mineralization paralleled the production of cells, CO₂, and water-soluble metabolites, as well as the release of Cl^?, whereas the carbon distribution and Cl^? yield varied with DCM concentrations. The facts that complete degradation only occurred with DCM concentrations below 15 mM and repetitive degradation of 5 mM DCM could proceed for only three cycles were ascribed to pH decrease (from 7.55 to 3.02) though a buffer system was employed.     

一株苯胺降解菌的分离鉴定及其降解特性

为研究苯胺污染的生物控制,通过驯化培养,从南京化工厂污水处理厂的活性污泥中分离出一株高效苯胺降解菌——菌株AN4.生理生化试验鉴定菌株AN4为金黄杆菌属(Chryseobacterium sp.).菌株AN4利用苯胺生长和降解苯胺的最适温度为30 ℃、pH为7.0,它可在苯胺质量浓度低于3 000 mg/L的无机盐固体培养基上生长.菌株AN4除可降解苯胺外,还可以苯酚、苯甲酸、硝基苯、甲苯、萘、氯苯、二甲苯作为唯一碳源生长,蛋白胨可加速其对苯胺的代谢.代谢机制研究证实,菌株AN4在邻苯二酚1,2-双加氧酶作用下经邻位裂解途径降解苯胺.     

一株乐果降解菌的筛选、鉴定及其降解特性研究

采用自制驯化装置,从土壤中分离纯化出一株能以乐果为单一碳源生长的菌株,命名为菌株LPx。根据生理生化特征和16S rRNA(GenBank Accession No.HM488993)基因序列分析,初步将该菌株鉴定为假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas sp.)。通过对其降解乐果特性研究,结果显示,菌株LPx降解乐果的最适pH为7.5、最适温度为30℃、最适接种量为10%(体积分数)。最适条件下,100 mg/L乐果可在120 h内基本被降解。菌株对乐果的降解属于高浓度底物抑制的酶促反应,vmax(不存在抑制剂时最大酶促反应速率)=0.734 d-1,km(米氏常数)=21.700 mg/L,k1(底物抑制系数)=259.215 mg/L。     

Isolation and characterization of cyromazine degrading Acinetobacter sp. ZX01 from a Chinese ginger cultivated soil

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Cyromazine, a symmetrical triazine insecticide, is used to control dipteran larvae in chicken manure by feeding to the poultry, flies on animals, and...     

一株具有荧蒽降解能力的产吲哚乙酸菌的筛选鉴定及其特性

从植物根际土壤中筛选出能分泌吲哚乙酸(3-indole acetic acid,IAA),并对荧蒽具有一定降解效果的菌株ZZ21.30℃、180 r/min摇床培养24 h,能产生39.81 mg/L IAA,静息细胞对50 mg/L荧蒽转化7 d后,降解率达25.61%.此外,该菌还耐盐碱,能解磷,在pH为10、含盐度为7%的LB培养基上能够生长,30℃培养72h对磷酸三钙液体培养基的溶磷量达120.86 mg/L.经形态学观察、部分生理生化特征测定以及16S rDNA的保守序列鉴定,初步确定该菌株为耐盐节杆菌(Arthrobacter pascens).为促进菌株生长,提高菌株IAA产量,设定了基于培养时间、初始pH、通气量、温度、不同碳源和氮源的单因素菌株发酵条件优化实验,结果表明,促进菌株生长和提高IAA分泌的最佳培养条件并不完全一致,综合考量得到最佳发酵培养条件是初始pH为6,装液量为45 mL/150 mL,28℃摇床培养15 h,最佳碳、氮源分别是甘露醇和酵母粉.在最佳单因素优化条件下菌株产IAA能力最强可达92.31 mg/L.     

Enhanced reduction of phenol content and toxicity in olive mill wastewaters by a newly isolated strain of Coriolopsis gallica

The search for novel microorganisms able to degrade olive mill wastewaters (OMW) and withstand the toxic effects of the initially high phenolic concentrations is of great scientific and industrial interest. In this work, the possibility of reducing the phenolic content of OMW using new isolates of fungal strains (Coriolopsis gallica, Bjerkandera adusta, Trametes versicolor, Trichoderma citrinoviride, Phanerochaete chrysosporium, Gloeophyllum trabeum, Trametes trogii, and Fusarium solani) was investigated. In vitro, all fungal isolates tested caused an outstanding decolorization of OMW. However, C. gallica gave the highest decolorization and dephenolization rates at 30 % v/v OMW dilution in water. Fungal growth in OMW medium was affected by several parameters including phenolic compound concentration, nitrogen source, and inoculum size. The optimal OMW medium for the removal of phenolics and color was with the OMW concentration (in percent)/[(NH₄)₂SO₄]/inoculum ratio of 30:6:3. Under these conditions, 90 and 85 % of the initial phenolic compounds and color were removed, respectively. High-pressure liquid chromatography analysis of extracts from treated and untreated OMW showed a clear and substantial reduction in phenolic compound concentrations. Phytotoxicity, assessed using radish (Raphanus sativus) seeds, indicated an increase in germination index of 23–92 % when a 30 % OMW concentration was treated with C. gallica in different dilutions (1/2, 1/4, and 1/8).

芘高效降解菌ZQ_5的培养条件及无机元素对其降解效率的影响

以从我国最大的石油污水灌区之一——沈抚灌区污染土壤分离到的以芘为惟一碳源、能源生长的高效降解菌株ZQ5为实验材料,通过对菌株ZQ5培养条件的优化,以及采用摇瓶振荡培养方法测定菌株ZQ5对不同浓度芘的降解率,表明：菌株ZQ5在30℃振荡培养16 d后对150 mg/L芘的降解率为90.31%。通过模拟稻田施用N、P和K肥等的土壤环境,探索了无机营养元素对降解菌ZQ5降解能力的影响,发现土壤中混合加入N、P和K无机营养元素的降解率能达到82%以上,比单加某种营养元素对降解菌ZQ5的降解效果好。本研究结果可以指导稻田PAHs的原位生物修复。     

Isolation, characterization and diuron transformation capacities of a bacterial strain Arthrobacter sp. N2

A bacterial strain able to transform diuron was isolated from a soil by enrichment procedures. Strain isolation was realized by plating on minimal-agarose medium spread with this herbicide and selecting the colonies surrounded by a clear thin halo. One strain was characterized and identified as an Arthrobacter sp. It metabolized diuron and the final transformation product, 3,4-dichloroaniline, was produced in stoichiometric amounts. The transformation of diuron at different concentrations was more efficient in the presence of alternative sources of carbon and nitrogen. The bacterial activity was also evaluated in soil microcosms with a consequent disappearance of diuron and concomitant appearance of 3,4-dichloroaniline, of which the concentration decreased thereafter. Bacterial cells inoculated in the microcosms survived as viable but eventually nonculturable cells.     

一株脱硫菌的分离及脱硫动力学

从污水处理厂二沉池分离获得一株硫酸盐还原菌厌氧菌株,依据生理生化分析和16S rDNA基因序列测定该菌株被鉴定为脱硫脱硫弧菌(Desulfovibrio desulfuricans)。在气体吸收的双膜理论和液相中微生物转化的米门方程基础上,建立了搅拌式生物吸收反应器中脱硫脱硫弧菌净化二氧化硫气体的动力学模型,并求解出相应的动力学参数基质转化最大速度Vmax和米氏常数Km,实验结果所得到的线性方程相关性较好,线性相关系数可以达到0.998,而且脱硫脱硫弧菌吸收液具有较高转化二氧化硫的能力。     

Biodegradation and detoxification of phenanthrene in in vitro and in vivo conditions by a newly isolated ligninolytic fungus Coriolopsis byrsina strain APC5 and characterization of their metabolites for environmental safety

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are recalcitrant organic pollutants generated from agricultural, industrial, and municipal sources, and their...