Nitrogen and phosphorus removal in pilot-scale anaerobic-anoxic oxidation ditch system

To achieve high efficiency of nitrogen and phosphorus removal and to investigate the rule of simultaneous nitrification and denitrification phosphorus removal(SNDPR),a whole course of SNDPR damage and recovery was studied in a pilot-scale,anaerobicanoxic oxidation ditch(OD),where the volumes of anaerobic zone,anoxic zone,and ditches zone of the OD system were 7,21,and 280L,respectively.The reactor was fed with municipal wastewater with a flow rate of 336 L/d.The concept of simultaneous nitrification and denitrification (SND)rate(rSND) was put forward to quantify SND.The results indicate that:(1)high nitrogen and phosphorus removal efficiencies were achieved during the stable SND phase,total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphate(TP) removal rates were 80%and 85%,respectively;(2)when the system was aerated excessively,the stability of SND was damaged,and rSND dropped from 80% to 20%or less;(3)the natural logarithm of the ratio of NOx to MJ4 in the effluent had a linear correlation to oxidation-reduction potential (ORP);(4)when NO3- was less than 6 mg/L.high phosphorus removal efficiency could be achieved;(5)denitrifying phosphorus removal (DNPR) could take place in the anaerobic-anoxic OD system.The major innovation was that the SND rate was devised and quantified.     

温度对生物强化除磷工艺反硝化除磷效果的影响

以处理城市污水的中试规模生物强化除磷A2/O活性污泥工艺系统为研究对象,考察了温度对系统COD去除和脱氮除磷效果的影响,特别是温度对活性污泥反硝化除磷性能的影响.结果表明,当温度从(30.9±0.8)℃降低到(9.1±0.6)℃时,A2/O系统的脱氮除磷效果显著下降,系统对TN和TP的污泥去除负荷明显下降.通过污泥反硝化除磷活性实验发现,随着温度的降低,系统中活性污泥的最大厌氧释磷速率、最大好氧吸磷速率和最大缺氧吸磷速率都降低.活性污泥中反硝化除磷菌(DPB)占聚磷菌(PAOs)总量的比例随温度降低稍有下降,但平均值仍维持在47.5％左右.用阿伦尼乌斯公式对实验结果进行拟合,得到系统中活性污泥聚磷菌厌氧释磷反应活化能Ea1为148.0 kJ· mol-1,聚磷菌好氧吸磷反应活化能Ea2为228.8 kJ·mol-1,发生在缺氧条件下反硝化除磷菌的吸磷反应活化能Ea3为315.8 kJ·mol-1.对不同温度下污泥絮体粒径分析结果表明,随温度降低,粒径分布更加集中,系统中活性污泥絮体颗粒平均粒径减小,不利于污泥絮体内部反硝化除磷缺氧微环境的形成.     

Addition of anaerobic tanks to an oxidation ditch system to enhance removal of phosphorus from wastewater

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填料型A2/O工艺污水处理及反硝化除磷效能

填料型A~2/O工艺是在A~2/O工艺的基础上通过向厌氧池、缺氧池、好氧池中投加醛化纤维式组合填料,将传统活性污泥法与生物膜法相结合组成一套脱氮除磷的新系统,文章对填料型A~2/O工艺与传统A~2/O工艺处理生活污水的效果进行了对比研究,以及对该复合式工艺在不同硝化液回流比下反硝化除磷能力进行了分析.研究结果表明,相同条件下,填料型A~2/O工艺对生活污水的处理效果要优于传统A~2/O工艺,分别使COD和氨氮的去除率达到92.5%和93.1%.试验通过增加硝化液回流比的措施使得反硝化聚磷菌在填料上富集程度增大,当硝化液回流比为300%时,缺氧池的NO-3-N浓度为3.03 mg·L~(-1),吸磷量最大为26.28 mg·L~(-1),胞内聚合物PHB代谢活性最好,利用率最高为1.32 g·g~(-1)·L~(-1).体现了填料型A~2/O工艺具有显著的反硝化除磷效果.     

Effect of carbon source and nitrate concentration on denitrifying phosphorus removal by DPB sludge

Effect of added carbon source and nitrate concentration on the denitrifying phosphorus removal by DPB sludge was systematically studied using batch experiments, at the same time the variation of ORP was investigated.Results showed that the denitrifying and phosphorus uptake rate in anoxic phase increased with the high initial anaerobic carbon source addition. However once the initial COD concentration reached a certain level, which was in excess to the PHB saturation of poly-P bacteria, residual COD carried over to anoxic phase inhibited the subsequent denitrifying phosphorus uptake. Simultaneously, phosphate uptake continued until all nitrate was removed, following a slow endogenous release of phosphate. High nitrate concentration in anoxic phase increased the initial denitrffying phosphorus rate. Once the nitrate was exhausted, phosphate uptake changed to release. Moreover, the time of this turning point occurred later with the higher nitrate addition. On the other hand, through on-line monitoring the variation of the ORP with different initial COD concentration, it was found ORP could be used as a control parameter for phosphorus release, but it is impossible to utilize ORP for controlling the denitrificaion and anoxic phosphorus uptake operations.     

两级生物选择同步除磷脱氮新工艺

针对现有市政污水处理工艺难以兼顾同时生物脱氮除磷的矛盾,结合生活污水低碳氮比的特点,通过在传统的A/O工艺的基础上增设了1个厌氧选择器以提供生物释磷最适宜环境,1个缺氧选择器以避免回流污泥中硝酸盐对厌氧释磷影响以及防止污泥膨胀,开发了一种新型的2级生物选择同步除磷脱氮新工艺.研究表明,应用2级生物选择反硝化除磷脱氮工艺处理生活污水,当进水COD/TN=4.4, COD/TP=33的情况下,稳定期的COD、氨氮、总磷的去除效率分别可达到88%、90%和97%,出水水质达到了国家《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》的一级A标准,反硝化除磷量占总除磷量的35%,并且缺氧段硝酸盐量和缺氧吸磷量成明显的线性关系,平均每消耗1mgNO3--N约吸收1.8mgTP,此线性关系可作为本工艺反硝化除磷的一个重要控制参数.     

间歇曝气A2/C氧化沟工艺处理城市污水中试研究

为降低氧化沟工艺的运行成本,研究了连续进水间歇曝气缺氧(Anoxic)-厌氧(Anaerobic)-Carrousel氧化沟(A2/C)工艺.采用A2/C氧化沟模型运用连续进水间歇曝气模式对城市污水处理进行了研究.结果表明,增强外源反硝化是提高脱氮效率的关键.在一定范围内加大回流比,能够提高间歇频率,减小各污染指标在反应系统中的积累.在曝气1 h,停止曝气3 h,回流污泥比200%的模式下(模式Ⅱ),出水CODcr,NH4 -N和TN分别为40～50 mg·L-1、3.0～5.7 mg·L-1和10.2～12.5 mg·L-1.3个模式在1个周期内平均曝气量分别为连续曝气过程的66%、50%、44%.模式Ⅱ中在线监测仪表数据分析显示,曝气过程中出现NH4 -N氧化的终点--在pH曲线上表现为出现"氨谷",若利用在线监测仪表在曝气阶段采用自动控制,则可避免过量曝气.采用实际城市污水,应用中试试验模型,能够为实际生产提供重要技术参数,为原有氧化沟工艺技术改造提供支持.     

Enhanced biological nutrients removal using an integrated oxidation ditch with vertical circle from wastewater by adding an anaerobic column

Introduction Theenrichmentofnutrientsinwaterbodiesisoneofthecrucialfactorsaffectingwaterquality(Romanski,1997).Ithasbeenreportedthatdischargingwastewaterwithhighlevelsofphosphorus(P)andnitrogen(N)canresultineutrophicationofreceivingwaters,particularlylake…     

BioDopp中试系统强化脱氮除磷及微生物菌群分析

为论证存量市政污水处理厂同时提标和扩容的可行性,以北京市某低C/N的生活污水处理中心提标扩容改造项目为依托,采用基于BioDopp工艺的IFAS-微氧AO技术构建了中试系统,考察了该工艺对有机物和氮磷营养物的去除效能及其微生物菌群特征,并核算了其经济效益.试验结果表明,基于实际污水污染物浓度较低,通过逐渐提高处理水量以提高负荷的启动策略是可行的.中试装置启动8d后,系统稳定运行,出水COD、NH₃-N、TN和TP浓度分别为18.9,0.4,8.3和0.7mg/L.高通量测序结果表明,该工艺强化了对功能菌,尤其是反硝化聚磷菌的富集,其总相对丰度7.6%,达接种活性污泥的23.6倍.该系统HRT 16.6h,仅为该污水处理中心原工艺(27.2h)的61.0%,节地优势显著;生物除磷效率高,节省药剂投加成本;且微氧控制和空气提推回流大幅降低了污水处理的曝气和回流能耗,由此可见,BioDopp工艺可用于紧凑型污水处理厂建设,是污水处理厂高效节能减碳利器.     

改进Orbal氧化沟工艺污水处理厂脱氮效果研究

Orbal氧化沟工艺在我国得到了广泛的应用,但在运行过程中也存在着脱氮效果低等问题.通过对Orbal氧化沟运行数据的监测分析和模拟发现,其脱氮效果差的主要原因是由于过度充氧导致氧化沟内溶解氧过高,抑制了系统内反硝化反应顺利进行造成的.通过减少曝气转碟的数量,有效的降低了系统内溶解氧浓度,沟内平均溶解氧浓度从改进前的0.51mg/L降低到改进后的0.20mg/L,提高了系统的脱氮效果.改进后脱氮效率比改造前同期脱氮效率有了显著提高,总氮去除率达到了70%,比去年同期提高了30%.     

污水处理厂中有机磷阻燃剂的污染特征

为了研究污水处理厂中有机磷阻燃剂(organophosphorus flame retardants,OPFRs)的污染特征,于2017年采集苏州市8个污水处理厂(7个A2/O工艺与1个氧化沟工艺)的进水、二沉池出水、污水厂出水、生物池污泥以及脱水剩余污泥.采用加速溶剂萃取(ASE)-固相萃取方法测定了污水与污泥中10种OPFRs的浓度,并比较了两种不同工艺各个工艺段OPFRs的去除效果,估算了最终排入环境的日均排放量.结果表明:7种OPFRs在进水、出水、污泥中均有检出,进水和总出水中OPFRs总浓度范围分别为0.74~222.65μg·L~(-1)和0.46~175.41μg·L~(-1),均值分别为65.56μg·L~(-1)和22.99μg·L~(-1);二沉池出水中OPFRs总浓度为0.48~178.14μg·L~(-1),均值为43.14μg·L~(-1);估算污水厂出水中OPFRs日排放量为36.69~2 177.12 g·d~(-1).剩余污泥中OPFRs总含量(以干重计)范围为89.32~596.24μg·g~(-1),均值(以干重计)为249.35μg·g~(-1),剩余污泥中OPFRs的日排放量最小为3.57~7.15 kg·d~(-1),最大为47.70~95.40 kg·d~(-1).氧化沟工艺对OPFRs有较好去除,去除率达到92%;A_2/O工艺则为11%~99%,差异性较大.3种氯代类的OPFRs[分别为磷酸三(2-氯乙基)酯、磷酸三(1-氯-2-丙基)酯、磷酸三(1,3-二氯-2-丙基)酯]是进水与出水中主要成分,主要由于氯代OPFRs的使用量大和传统污水处理技术对其去除率低.     

Influence of carbon source and temperature on the denitrifying phosphorus removal process

To supply the valuable operating parameters for the popular usage of the new denitrifying phosphors removal process, it is essential to study the dominant biochemical reactions and the characteristics of denitrifying phosphorus removing bacteria (DPB). Thus, parallel batch experiments using DPB sludge were carried out to assess the effect of substrates (sewage, HAc, and endogenous carbon source) on denitrifying dephosphorus removal efficiency in this study. The results showed that the initial specific phosphorus release rate increased with the high concentration of the short-chain volatile fatty acids ratio in the influent, and sufficient phosphorus was released by DPB. This improved the subsequent denitrification and phosphorus uptake efficiency. The specific endogenous denitrification mainly relies on the internal carbon source (PHB) stored by poly-P bacteria. Denitrifying phosphorus removing bacteria were very hungry when the internal PHB was consumed. Consequently, the specific endogenous denitrification rate was low and the phosphorus uptake did not happen. On the other hand, in the experiment, the denitrifying phosphorus removal performance under two temperature conditions (8–10°C and 25–26°C) was also investigated and analyzed. It was found that the lower temperature decreased the specific phosphorus release and uptake rate, but did not inhibit the denitrifying phosphorus removal completely. Therefore, the negative influence of the low temperature on the overall phosphorus removal was not significant. Translated from Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae, 2006, 26 (2): 186–192 [译自: 环境科学学报]     

硝化液回流比对A2/O-BCO工艺反硝化除磷特性的影响

以低C/N城市生活污水为处理对象,重点考察了硝化液回流比对A2/O - BCO(生物接触氧化)工艺脱氮除磷特性的影响.在A2/O反应池水力停留时间(HRT)为8h,污泥回流比为100% 条件下,将硝化液回流比分别设定为100%、200%、300%和400%进行试验.结果表明, 系统在A2/O中实现了反硝化除磷,具有很好的同步氮磷的去除效果,出水COD浓度均在50mg/L以下.上述不同硝化液回流比下总氮(TN)去除率分别为48.8%、66.5%、75.6%和62.5%,总磷(TP)去除率分别为86.0%、90.3%、91.0%和95.0%.在硝化液回流比为300%时,系统平均出水TN和TP浓度分别为14.96mg/L和0.49mg/L.系统反硝化除磷量随着硝化液回流比的增大略有增加,在硝化液回流比为400%时,反硝化除磷量高达磷总去除量的98%.     

生物除磷脱氮工艺技术研究

采用厌氧－缺氧－好氧工艺（简称Ａ２／Ｏ工艺）,研究除磷脱氮的主要影响因素及其规律。结果表明,ＣＯＤ／ＴＰ值增大,总磷去除率提高,但当ＣＯＤ／ＴＰ＞６０时,提高缓慢;硝酸盐的存在对除磷有抑制;ＣＯＤ／ＴＫＮ＜１０时,总氮去除率随碳氮比增大而增加,大于此值几乎无影响;混合液回流比小于３时,回流比的变化对总磷总氮的去除均有影响;温度对脱氮的影响比除磷显著,小于１５℃氮去除率明显下降,而８～１０℃时仍有较好的除磷效果。     

Cost-performance analysis of nutrient removal in a full-scale oxidation ditch process based on kinetic modeling

A full-scale oxidation ditch process for treating sewage was simulated with the ASM2d model and optimized for minimal cost with acceptable performance in terms of ammonium and phosphorus removal. A unified index was introduced by integrating operational costs (aeration energy and sludge production) with effluent violations for performance evaluation. Scenario analysis showed that,in comparison with the baseline (all of the 9 aerators activated), the strategy of activating 5 aerators could save aeration energy significantly with an ammonium violation below 10%. Sludge discharge scenario analysis showed that a sludge discharge flow of 250–300 m3/day (solid retention time (SRT), 13–15 days) was appropriate for the enhancement of phosphorus removal without excessive sludge production. The proposed optimal control strategy was: activating 5 rotating disks operated with a mode of "111100100" ( "1"represents activation and "0" represents inactivation) for aeration and sludge discharge flow of 200 m3/day (SRT, 19 days). Compared with the baseline, this strategy could achieve ammonium violation below 10% and TP violation below 30% with substantial reduction of aeration energy cost (46%) and minimal increment of sludge production (< 2%). This study provides a useful approach for the optimization of process operation and control.     

气升式氧化沟污水处理效果的中试研究

在太湖流域某小城镇污水处理厂研究中试气升式氧化沟的污水处理效果,获取了出水主要指标稳定达标的工艺参数.结果表明,出水COD<50mg/L的最大容积负荷为0.88kg/(m3·d).NH4+–N污泥负荷不大于0.06kg /(kg·d)时,出水能达到排放标准要求的5 mg/L.直沟段DO降低到0.6~1.0mg/L后,进出水TN平均浓度分别为30.7,11.3mg/L,并能保证出水TN<15 mg/L稳定运行14d以上.进气量30m3/h时,直段底部最大流速为0.19m/s,中上部流速为0.03m/s,此时沟底没有出现污泥沉降,出水各项指标稳定达标.生产型气升式氧化沟的占地面积将比传统氧化沟至少减少25%.     

溶解氧对Biolak型A2O工艺脱氮除磷性能的影响

通过对Biolak型A2O工艺处理生活污水工程应用的研究,考察了好氧段溶解氧(DO)浓度对该工艺脱氮除磷的影响.试验结果表明,DO浓度变化对系统COD、NH+4-N处理效果的影响不大,而对系统总氮及总磷的去除效果影响显著.当DO浓度控制在0.80~1.50 mg·L-1之间时,系统总氮去除效果最佳,可以达到69.5%,系统好氧段可实现同步硝化反硝化除氮.通过对系统氮进行物料衡算发现,23.7%的总氮通过好氧段多级A/O反硝化脱氮去除.当DO浓度为1.00~3.00 mg·L-1时,总磷(TP)去除率较高,可以达到74.0%.DO浓度控制在1.00~1.50 mg·L-1之间时,系统脱氮除磷效果最佳,此时TN、TP的去除率分别为68.9%、73.7%,二级生化处理段出水TN、TP分别为12.02、0.95 mg·L-1.     

A~2/O-曝气生物滤池工艺处理低C/N比生活污水脱氮除磷

以低C/N比实际生活污水为研究对象,重点考查了A2/O-曝气生物滤池生化系统的脱氮除磷特性.同时,考虑到A2/O工艺的主要功能是除磷及反硝化,而曝气生物滤池则以硝化为目的.因此,通过缩短A2/O的泥龄,可将硝化过程从A2/O中分离出去,让曝气生物滤池完成硝化,实现硝化菌和聚磷菌的分离,并解决了硝化菌和聚磷菌泥龄之间的矛盾.试验结果表明,该生化系统可实现有机物、氮和磷的同步去除.在平均C/N比为4.2,内回流比R为250%的条件下,平均进水COD、TN、TP分别为239.9、57.3和5.1mg·L-1,平均最终出水COD、TN、TP分别为34.1、13.3和0.1mg·L-1,去除率分别为85.8%、76.9%和98.3%.曝气生物滤池对氨氮几乎保持了100%的去除率.序批试验表明,反硝化聚磷菌占聚磷菌的比例为40.5%.     

Biological nutrient removal by internal circulation upflow sludge blanket reactor after landfill leachate pretreatment

The removal of biological nutrient from mature landfill leachate with a high nitrogen load by an internal circulation upflow sludge blanket （ICUSB） reactor was studied. The reactor is a set of anaerobic-anoxic-aerobic （A^2/O） bioreactors, developed on the basis of an expended granular sludge blanket （EGSB）, granular sequencing batch reactor （GSBR） and intermittent cycle extended aeration system （ICEAS）. Leachate was subjected to stripping by agitation process and poly ferric sulfate coagulation as a pretreatment process, in order to reduce both ammonia toxicity to microorganisms and the organic contents. The reactor was operated under three different operating systems, consisting of recycling sludge with air （A^2/O）, recycling sludge without air （low oxygen） and a combination of both （A^2/O and low oxygen）. The lowest effluent nutrient levels were realised by the combined system of A^2/O and low oxygen, which resulted in effluent of chemical oxygen demand （COD）, NH3-N and biological oxygen demand （BOD5） concentrations of 98.20, 13.50 and 22.50 mg/L. The optimal operating conditions for the efficient removal of biological nutrient using the ICUSB reactor were examined to evaluate the influence of the parameters on its performance. The results showed that average removal efflciencies of COD and NH3- N of 96.49% and 99.39%, respectively were achieved under the condition of a hydraulic retention time of 12 hr, including 4 hr of pumping air into the reactor, with dissolved oxygen at an rate of 4 mg/L and an upflow velocity 2 m/hr. These combined processes were successfully employed and effectively decreased pollutant loading.     

脉冲SBR工艺短程脱氮的实现及对除磷的强化

采用脉冲进水缺好氧交替工艺(SAOSBR)处理低C/N实际生活污水,考察了短程脱氮对于低碳源生活污水同步脱氮除磷效果的强化作用,并分析了短程脱氮强化生物除磷的机理.结果表明,通过短时的饥饿处理配合缺好氧交替的运行方式实现了系统的短程硝化,亚硝酸盐积累率稳定在95%以上.短程的实现还强化了系统的同步脱氮除磷效果,总氮和磷的平均去除率相比于全程脱氮过程分别提高了约6%和36%.分析表明短程强化生物除磷的原因主要是由于残留的NO2-对聚磷菌厌氧释磷的影响较小.静态试验也证实,在碳源不足的条件下,以NO2-为电子受体的反硝化作用相比于NO3-可以减弱反硝化菌与聚磷菌之间的碳源竞争,从而提高聚磷菌的厌氧释磷量和聚羟基烷酸(PHA)的合成量.因此,在处理低C/N生活污水时,短程脱氮的实现更有利于系统的生物除磷.