浅谈宁夏古王高速公路绿化

在阐述了宁夏古王高速公路路域自然地理，高速公路绿化的功能和作用，以及高速公路绿化原则的基础上，具体论述了古王高速公路绿化的方法。     

高速公路噪声污染的监测及防治举措

本文先是对高速公路噪声污染做了概述,包括主要高速公路的噪声源、高速公路噪声的特点、高速公路噪声的危害性;接着阐述了高速公路噪声污染监测的必要性及监测的方法;最后针对高速公路噪声污染详细提出了几点防治举措,包括设立声屏障及绿化带、加强路面改善、科学合理规划等,以期能为有关单位提供一定的参考价值,努力让高速公路的噪声污染问题降到最低。     

高速公路交通安全影响因素分析

在分析我国高速公路交通安全现状的基础上,运用事故因果连锁论的原理,从人、车、道路环境、管理这四个方面,建立了高速公路交通事故致因模型,对影响高速公路交通安全的因素进行了探讨.高速公路交通安全影响因素分析为探究高速公路交通事故的发生规律和提高高速公路交通系统的安全性、可靠性,以及交通事故控制策略的制定提供了决策参考.     

论高速公路服务区的环境保护

高速公路服务区在高速公路运营中起到了重要的行车保障作用,为过往的车辆提供了可供休息、恢复精力的场所。本文论述了高速公路服务区对环境的影响分析及高速公路服务区环境保护采取的措施。     

高速公路用地复垦技术体系浅析

根据高速公路用地特点和复垦要求 ,结合近几年高速公路用地复垦研究成果和土地复垦技术理论 ,对高速公路用地复垦技术体系进行系统阐述和探讨。将对高速公路复垦技术理论和实践的发展有一定促进作用。     

高速公路隧道交通安全事故树分析

本文结合近年来我国高速公路隧道交通安全现状,在分析高速公路隧道交通事故类型及特点的基础上,从人、车、路和环境、管理四个方面采用事故树方法分析了高速公路隧道交通事故的主要原因,建立了高速公路隧道交通安全事故树,并提出了预防和控制高速公路隧道交通事故安全的对策措施及建议.     

打造生态高速路

惠州至河源高速公路，全长80．8千米，总投资约28亿元人民币。作为国道主干线公路网阿(阿荣旗)深(深圳)线的一部分，惠河高速公路北接粤赣高速公路，南连惠深(盐田)高速公路，中与广惠高速公路相交，是河源以及粤东北山区和江西、安徽等内陆省份连接港深珠和珠江三角经济区的重要交通干线，也是广东省高速公路骨架的重要组成部分。     

中水回用处理技术在高速公路服务区的应用与分析

随着高速公路的建设步伐加快,高速公路通行车辆及人员的快速增多,高速公路服务区产生的生活污水排放压力及用水压力不断增大,亟需解决污水排放及用水压力问题。通过对高速公路服务区污水特点进行分析,以及对几种中水回用成套技术工艺流程分析和生产特点的研究,从而论证中水回用处理技术在高速公路服务区的应用可行,为解决高速公路污水排放及用水压力提供理论及实践依据。     

湖北襄十高速公路景观环境建设探讨

文中在深入研究了襄十高速公路丰富的人文景观资源的基础上,从园林美学出发,系统地介绍了襄十高速公路景观建设的前期准备工作及相关的实施内容,提出了用"人*车*景交融"的新理念来扩大高速公路的功能,实现经济效益和社会效益双赢,指出高速公路景观环境的建设与保护是高速公路环境保护的高级阶段.     

沈大高速公路沿线气象因子特征研究

选用沈大高速公路沿线 7个气象台站 195 5～ 1995年的累年气象要素值 ,通过对影响高速公路运行和车辆尾气污染物排放、扩散相关的气象因子分析 ,为今后的高速公路建设和沈大高速公路管理 ,提供较科学的依据。     

Gaseous elemental mercury concentration in atmosphere at urban and remote sites in China

An investigation of gaseous elemental mercury concentration in atmosphere was conducted at Beijing and Guangzhou urban, Yangtze Delta regional sites and China Global Atmosphere Watch Baseline Observatory (CGAWBO) in Mt. Waliguan of remote continental area of China. High temporal resolved data were obtained using automated mercury analyzer RA-915 . Results showed that the overall hourly mean Hg0 concentrations in Mt. Waliguan were 1.7± 1.1 ng/m3 in summer and 0.6±0.08 ng/m3 in winter. The concentration in Yangtze Delta regional site was 5.4±4.1 ng/m3, which was much higher than those in Waliguan continental background area and also higher than that found in North America and Europe rural areas. In Beijing urban area the overall hourly mean Hg0 concentrations were 8.3±3.6 ng/m3 in winter, 6.5±5.2 ng/m3 in spring, 4.9±3.3 ng/m3 in summer, and 6.7±3.5 ng/m3 in autumn, respectively, and the concentration was 13.5±7.1 ng/m3 in Guangzhou site. The mean concentration reached the lowest value at 14:00 and the highest at 02:00 or 20:00 in all monitoring campaigns in Beijing and Guangzhou urban areas, which contrasted with the results measured in Yangtze Delta regional site and Mt. Waliguan. The features of concentration and diurnal variation of Hg0 in Beijing and Guangzhou implied the importance of local anthropogenic sources in contributing to the high Hg0 concentration in urban areas of China. Contrary seasonal variation patterns of Hg0 concentration were found between urban and remote sites. In Beijing the highest Hg0concentration was in winter and the lowest in summer, while in Mt. Waliguan the Hg0 concentration in summer was higher than that in winter. These indicated that different processes and factors controlled Hg0 concentration in urban, regional and remote areas.     

胶州湾水体重金属HgⅠ.分布和迁移

根据1979年5月,8月,11月胶州湾水域调查资料,并且与近几十年来的调查资料进行对比分析,探讨和研究胶州湾重金属Hg的平面分布、垂直分布、季节分布以及发展趋势.结果表明:胶州湾东北部海域春季污染较为严重,西南部的污染程度相对较轻;春季和夏季的表层含量大于底层含量,秋季时底层含量高于表层含量;而且春季Hg污染较为严重,秋季水质状况最好.从历史资料来看,1979年到1982年,Hg污染在加剧;1982年到1997年,从污染严重到缓和,在1997年就达到了一类水质的要求;1997年到1999年,水质更加清洁.     

刁江水体多相介质中As,Zn和Pb的空间和季

调查了广西刁江河水中As,Zn和Pb的溶解态、悬浮颗粒态分布情况及季节变化,以及3种重金属在不同粒级沉积物中的分布情况. 结果表明:刁江流域河水与沉积物中3种重金属污染在流域尺度上的分布存在差异,沉积物污染更为严重. 与土壤污染一致,沉积物中3种重金属的污染范围扩散延伸到距离污染源近200 km的下游区域,其中车河矿区对As污染的贡献率明显高于大厂矿区,而对Pb污染的贡献率明显小于大厂矿区;不同重金属在水体中的赋存形态存在差异,河水中悬浮颗粒态Pb所占比例远高于As和Zn,这与3种重金属矿物的稳定性以及在不同粒级沉积物中的富集特征有关;河水中重金属的赋存形态存在季节差别,丰水期悬浮颗粒态重金属所占比例明显高于枯水期.      

Oxidative stress and DNA damages induced by cadmium accumulation

Experimental evidence shows that cadmium （Cd） could induce oxidative stress and then causes DNA damage in animal cells, however, whether such effect exists in plants is still unclear. In the present study, Vicia faba plants was exposed to 5 and 10 mg/L Cd for 4 d to investigate the distribution of Cd in plant, the metal effects on the cell lipids, antioxidative enzymes and DNA damages in leaves. Cd induced an increase in Cd concentrations in plants. An enhanced level of lipid peroxidation in leaves and an enhanced concentration of H2O2 in root tissues suggested that Cd caused oxidative stress in Vicia faba. Compared with control, Cd-induced enhancement in superoxide dismutase activity was significant at 5 mg/L than at 10 mg/kg in leaves, by contrast, catalase and peroxidaseactivities were significantly suppressed by Cd addition. DNA damage was detected by neutral/neutral, alkaline/neutral and alkaline/alkaline Comet assay. Increased levels of DNA damages induced by Cd occurred with reference to oxidative stress in leaves, therefore, oxidative stress induced by Cd accumulation in plants contributed to DNA damages and was possibly an important mechanism of Cd-phytotoxicity in Vicia faba plants.     

Contribution of additives Cu to its accumulation in pig feces： study in Beijing and Fuxin of China

Massive amounts of pig manure are produced by intensive pig farm in China, and the composition of pig manure has changed much due to the use of feed additives. However, little is known about the exact Cu （copper） feed as additives or present as contaminants in pig feed and the residues in feces. One hundred and thirty-seven feeds and one hundred and forty-two fecal samples from 48 pig farms were collected in Beijing and Fuxin cities in 1999 and 2005, respectively. The concentrations of Cu were in the range of 6.86-395.19 mg/kg in the feed samples, and the mean values were in the order of weaner〉 grower-finisher〉 sow＇s feeds. The high concentrations over EU recommendations implied that excessive levels of Cu are fed on many pig farms in Beijing and Fuxin. Cu was also present in high concentrations in feces, and concentrations were highly variable. Cu concentrations in the feces from grower-finisher and weaner pigs were significantly greater than feces of sows. The super-intensive and small-scale farms had higher levels of Cu in feces than the middle farms. Cu concentrations in pig feces were approximately 5-times greater than in pig feeds. Feed management in grower-finisher pigs on super-intensive and small-scale pig farms is needed to reduce high Cu concentrations in feces and risks to soil contamination while feces are land-applied.     

Distribution of atrazine in a crop-soil-groundwater system at Baiyangdian Lake area in China

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Organochlorine pesticides in soils under different land usage in the Taihu Lake region, China

A field study was conducted in the Taihu Lake region, China in 2004 to reveal the organochlorine pesticide concentrations in soils after the ban of these substances in the year 1983. Thirteen organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) were analyzed in soils from paddy field, tree land and fallow land. Total organochlorine pesticide residues were higher in agricultural soils than in uncultivated fallow land soils. Among all the pesticides, ΣDDX (DDD, DDE and DDT) had the highest concentration for all the soil samples, ranging from 3.10 ng/g to 166.55 ng/g with a mean value of 57.04 ng/g and followed by ΣHCH, ranging from 0.73 ng/g to 60.97 ng/g with a mean value of 24.06 ng/g. Dieldrin, endrin, HCB and α-endosulfan were also found in soils with less than 15 ng/g. Ratios of p,p'-(DDD DDE)/DDT in soils under three land usages were: paddy field ＞ tree land ＞ fallow land, indicating that land usage inlfuenced the degradation of DDT in soils. Ratios of p,p'-(DDD DDE)/DDT ＞1, showing aged residues of DDTs in soils of the Taihu Lake region. The results were discussed with data from a former study that showed very low actual concentrations of HCH and DDT in soils in the Taihu Lake region, but according to the chemical half-lives and their concentrations in soils in 1980s, the concentration of DDT in soils seemed to be underestimated. In any case our data show that the ban on the use of HCH and DDT resulted in a tremendous reduction of these pesticide residues in soils, but there are still high amounts of pesticide residues in soils, which need more remediation processes.     

黄浦江江水和沉积物中汞的分布和形态特征

黄浦江江水的总汞、溶解态汞和颗粒汞含量变化较大,其平均值分别为(0.4±0.44)ng/mL、(0.27±0.42)ng/mL和(0.13±0.10)ng/mL,江水中汞以溶解态汞为主.黄浦江沉积物的总汞含量为70.52ng/g～387.30ng/g,平均汞含量为(204.03±97.41)ng/g.江水和沉积物中汞的沿江分布具有中游高,上游和下游低的特征,西渡—南浦大桥江段汞含量为整个黄浦江最高的江段,汞的分布特征与两岸工农业布局相一致.沉积物总汞与有机质显著相关,沉积物中高汞含量的地点都在高水汞点的下游,与河流的动力沉积特点一致.沉积物中汞以可交换态、腐殖酸结合态、残渣态为主,少量为碳酸盐结合态.从上游到下游,沉积物中可交换态汞具有两端高中间低的特点,而残渣态汞与此相反.在剖面方向上,沉积物中的汞主要集中在残渣态,少量为腐殖酸结合态,可交换态及碳酸盐结合态,随着深度增加残渣态所占比例不规则增加.愈接近长江口,沉积物中的重金属愈容易被重新激活.     

青岛大气气溶胶水溶性无机离子的粒径分布特征

为了解大气颗粒物中水溶性离子的来源及环境效应,利用安德森采样器连续采集青岛近海2008年1~12月大气颗粒物分级样品,用离子色谱法分析其中主要的水溶性离子,并讨论其粒径分布特征.结果表明, NH4+、K+、Cl-、NO3-、PO43-、SO42-主要存在于粒径小于2.1μm的细粒子中,Na+、Mg2+、Ca2+、F-则主要存在于粒径大于2.1μm的粗粒子中.各离子的粒径分布存在明显的季节变化.NH4+、K+和SO42-四季均主要分布于细粒子中,而Mg2+和Ca2+则主要分布在粗粒子中,两者均在3.3~4.7μm出现峰值;Na+在春、夏、秋3个季节主要存在于粗粒子中,集中分布在3.3~7.0μm粒径范围内,而在冬季则集中分布于0.43~1.1μm且细粒子含量高于粗粒子;春季Cl-在粗粒子中分布较多,尤以2.1~3.3μm范围内的最为突出,而其他3个季节均是细粒子比例明显偏高;NO3-春、夏两季在粗、细粒子中的含量各占50%,秋、冬季节均为细粒子占多数;PO43-夏季只出现在0.65~1.1μm以及>11μm的粒径范围内,粗粒子占95%,其他3个季节则是细粒子含量较高;春季F-在3.3~4.7μm出现峰值,夏季各粒径均未检出,而秋、冬两季粗、细粒子各占50%.K+、NH4+、F-、Cl-、NO3-、SO42-和PO43-受供暖期燃煤取暖的影响较大.K+和NH4+在供暖期和非供暖期峰值均出现在0.43~0.65μm粒径范围;F-供暖期在0.43~0.65μm和3.3~4.7μm粒径段出现峰值;供暖期Cl-的峰值出现在0.43~0.65μm粒径段,而在非供暖期,则出现在2.1~3.3μm的粗粒径段;SO42-和NO3-在供暖期和非供暖期的峰值均出现在0.43~0.65μm和3.3~4.7μm粒径段;供暖期PO43-的最大峰值出现在0.43~0.65μm粒径段,而在非供暖期其最大峰值出现在3.3~4.7μm粒径段.     

环渤海湿地芦苇对TC、TN、TP吸收通量的研究

主要调查研究环渤海湿地芦苇对TC、TN、TP的吸收通量。调查表明,2008年环渤海湿地的芦苇面积为20.08×104hm2。2009年,芦苇总生物量在7月、10月和11月的调查结果分别为267.2×104t、183.4×104t和138.0×104t。7月、10月和11月,芦苇对TC的吸收通量分别为115.58×104t、80.68×104t、64.23×104t;对TN的吸收通量分别为4.03×104t、1.45×104t、0.84×104t;对TP的吸收通量分别为0.37×104t、0.10×104t、0.031×104t。