黄孢原毛平革菌对三苯甲烷染料的生物脱色降解

利用黄孢原毛平革菌对代表性三苯甲烷染料进行处理。菌的3种品系BKM-F-767．ME446和OGC101对10．50．100mg／L不同浓度的碱性紫5BN，碱性副品红、甲酚红．溴酚蓝和孔雀绿等5种染料具有不同程度的脱色降解能力。碱性副品红和溴酚蓝最为敏感．低浓度(10～30mg／L)孔雀绿的脱色降解效果最好．碱性紫5BN则一般．而甲酚红似乎抵御菌的进攻。紫外一可见光测定表明：碱性紫5BN在BKM-F-1767的作用下。培养液发生吸收峰朝短波方向的移动．标志着染料分子结构发生变化。     

Isolation and characterization of Pseudomonas otitidis WL-13 and its capacity to decolorize triphenylmethane dyes

Pseudomonas otitidis WL-13, which has a high capacity to decolorize triphenylmethane dyes, was isolated from activated sludge obtained from a wastewater treatment plant of a dyeing industry. This strain exhibited a remarkable color-removal capability when tested against several triphenylmethane dyes under both shaking and static conditions at high concentrations of dyes. More than 95% of Malachite Green and Brilliant Green was removed within 12 h at 500 μmol/L dye concentration under shaking conditions. Cry...     

Adsorption characteristics of humic acid-immobilized amine modified polyacrylamide/bentonite composite for cationic dyes in aqueous solutions

Humic acid-immobilized amine modified polyacrylamide/bentonite composite (HA-Am-PAA-B) was prepared and used as an adsorbent for the adsorption of cationic dyes (Malachite Green (MG), Methylene Blue (MB) and Crystal Violet (CV)) from aqueous solutions. The polyacrylamide/bentonite composite (PAA-B) was prepared by intercalative polymerization of acrylamide with Nabentonite in the presence of N,N0-methylenebisacrylamide as a crosslinking agent and hexamethylenediammine as propagater. PAA-B was subsequently treated with ethylenediammine to increase its loading capacity for HA. The surface characterizations of the adsorbent were investigated. The adsorbent behaved like a cation exchanger and more than 99.0% removal of dyes was detected at pH range 6.0–8.0. The capacity of HA-Am-PAA-B was found to decrease in the following order: MG > MB > CV. The kinetic and isotherm data were interpreted by pseudo-second order rate equation and Freundlich isotherm model, respectively. Experiments were carried out using binary solute systems to assess the competitive adsorption phenomenon. The experimental isotherm data for each binary solute combination of MG, MB and CV were analyzed using Sheindrof-Rebhun-Sheintuch (SRS) (multicomponent Freundlich type) equation.     

Biodegradation of Crystal Violet by Agrobacterium radiobacter

Agrobacterium radiobacter MTCC 8161 completely decolorized the Crystal Violet with 8 hr (10 mg/L) at static anoxic conditions. The decreased decolorization capability by A. radiobacter was observed, when the Crystal Violet concentration was increased from 10 to 100 mg/L. Semi-synthetic medium containing 1% yeast extract and 0.1% NH4Cl has shown 100% decolorization of Crystal Violet within 5 hr. A complete degradation of Crystal Violet by A. radiobacter was observed up to 7 cycles of repeated addition (10 mg/L). When the effect of increasing inoculum concentration on decolorization of Crystal Violet (100 mg/L) was studied, maximum decolorization was observed with 15% inoculum concentration. A significant increase in the activities of laccase (184%) and aminopyrine N-demethylase (300%) in cells obtained after decolorization indicated the involvement of these enzymes in decolorization process. The intermediates formed during the degradation of Crystal Violet were analyzed by gas chromatography and mass spectroscopy (GC/MS). It was detected the presence of N,N,N′,N′′-tetramethylpararosaniline, [N; N-dimethylaminophenyl] [N-methylaminophenyl] benzophenone, N; N-dimethylaminobenzaldehyde, 4-methyl amino phenol and phenol. We proposed the hypothetical metabolic pathway of Crystal Violet biodegradation by A. radiobacter. Phytotoxicity and microbial toxicity study showed that Crystal Violet biodegradation metabolites were less toxic to bacteria (A. radiobacter, P. aurugenosa and A. vinelandii) contributing to soil fertility and for four kinds of plants (Sorghum bicolor, Vigna radiata, Lens culinaris and Triticum aestivum) which are most sensitive, fast growing and commonly used in Indian agriculture.     

磷钨酸光催化降解染料废水研究

以253.7m紫外灯和太阳光为光源,研究了磷钨酸对几种模拟染料废水的光催化脱色性能,实验结果表明,深溶初始pH值及调节溶液pH值所用酸的类型对磷钨酸光催化活性有影响;催化剂投加量及溶液初始浓度是影响溶液脱色率的重要因素,当溶液中磷钨酸的浓度为0.03g/L,初始pH值为2,初始浓度为10mg/L的甲基橙,甲基红、酸性大红及墨水蓝溶液,阳光辐照3h,除墨水蓝外,其它各溶液脱色率均可达到90%以上。     

蜜环菌漆酶对蒽醌类染料的脱色条件优化

利用蜜环菌发酵所得的漆酶,直接对印染工业中常见的两种蒽醌类染料活性艳蓝KN-R和活性艳蓝X-BR进行催化脱色实验,得出了最佳脱色条件.结果表明,活性艳蓝KN-R最适脱色温度为30℃,最适染料浓度为80 mg.L-1,最适酶量为0.25U.mL-1,最适pH值为5,在最优条件下活性艳蓝KN-R最高脱色率达90%以上.活性艳蓝X-BR的最适脱色温度为30℃,最适染料浓度为50 mg.L-1,最适酶量为0.5 U.mL-1,最适pH值为4,在最优条件下活性艳蓝X-BR最高脱色率达70%以上.本研究利用蜜环菌粗漆酶液直接对印染工业中常见蒽醌类染料进行脱色,结果表明蜜环菌粗漆酶液具有良好的脱色效果,蜜环菌漆酶在印染工业染料废水脱色方面具有潜在的应用价值.     

漆酶介体系统对孔雀绿的脱色研究

研究了漆酶介体系统对代表性三苯甲烷类染料孔雀绿的脱色处理。漆酶介体系统对孔雀绿的脱色效率比单独使用漆酶要高出10倍。高浓度的孔雀绿对漆酶介体系统的脱色效率有抑制作用,最适的pH值和温度分别在4.2和32°C左右。介体浓度的提高可促进脱色率的增加,但高浓度的介体会抑制脱色效率。漆酶和漆酶介体系统对孔雀绿的脱色机制上存在不同,前者的作用机制为脱甲基反应,而后者的脱色机制为自由基介导的聚合反应。     

有机/无机复合絮凝剂对印染废水的脱色

聚合氯化铝与阴离子型聚丙烯酰胺复合,用于多种模拟染料废水絮凝脱色,考察影响PAM/PAC对染料的絮凝脱色的因素,采用可视化技术分析絮凝出现时间及絮凝过程特点。PAM/PAC复合絮凝剂的脱色率普遍高于单纯的PAC对染料的脱色效率;絮凝过程均在酸性环境中脱色效率较高;复合絮凝剂能使絮凝体的尺寸显著增加;对偶氮染料,复合絮凝剂能使絮凝体出现时间缩短约50.0%,而对蒽醌染料絮凝体出现时间则仅缩短18.2%。     

活性红m-3BE的辐照降解研究

利用电子加速器产生的高能电子束为辐照源,对较高浓度的活性染料活性红m3BE进行了辐射降解研究,探讨了H2O2加入量、吸收剂量对辐照降解结果的影响和辐照前后溶液pH值的变化。结果表明,电子束辐射能有效降解活性红m3BE,脱色效果显著,脱色率达100%,化学需氧量(COD)去除率可达47%,经2.3kGy剂量辐照后溶液的pH值已有明显下降。H2O2加入量、吸收剂量均与活性红m3BE的降解效率有关,溶液pH值的变化可能有利于提高废水的可生物降解性。实验证实,利用电子束辐射降解技术处理染料废水是一种可行的方案。     

Volatile organic chloramines formation during ClO2 treatment

Volatile organic chloramines are reported as the disinfection byproducts during chlorination or chloramination.However,ClO_2,as an important alternative disinfectant for chlorine,was not considered to produce halogenated amines.In the present work,volatile organic chloramines including(CH_3)_2 NCl and CH_3 NCl_2 were found to be generated during the reaction of ClO_2 and the dye pollutants.(CH_3)_2 NCl was the dominant volatile DBP to result from ClO_2 treated all four dye pollutants including Methyl Orange,Methyl Red,Methylene Blue and Malachite Green,with molar yields ranging from 2.6% to 38.5% at a ClO_2 to precursor(ClO_2/P) molar ratio of 10.HOCl was identified and proved to be the reactive species for the formation of (CH_3)_2 NCl,which implied(CH_3)_2 NCl was transformed by a combined oxidation of ClO_2 and hypochlorous acid.(CH_3)_2 NCl concentrations in the ppb range were observed when real water samples were treated by ClO_2 in the presence of the dye pollutants.The results suggest that these azo dyes are one of the significant precursors for the formation of HOCl during ClO_2 treatment and that organic chloramines should be considered in ClO_2 disinfection chemistry and water treatment.     

黄曲霉A5p1对偶氮染料的降解特性和降解途径

以黄曲霉菌株A5p1为生物材料,研究其脱色染料的广谱性,并选择偶氮染料直接蓝71（DB71）为模型底物,探讨脱色特性及降解产物.该菌株对15种染料的脱色测试结果表明,染料浓度为100mg/L时脱色效率为61.7%~100%.该菌对偶氮染料DB71具有生物吸附和生物降解的双重作用,在pH值7.0,温度30℃,染料浓度300mg/L,蔗糖为碳源时对DB71 脱色率为100%.酶分析显示葡萄糖氧化酶和锰过氧化物酶参与染料的降解.FTIR、GC-MS和LC-MS分析确定代谢终产物为萘胺、叠氮萘、2-羟基-6-草酰-苯甲酸和1-萘酚.     

膨润土吸附－絮凝法处理废水中的有机染料

研究了天然膨润土对阳离子、分散、还原、中性、活性和直接等类有机染料的吸附特性,并比较了膨润土吸附－絮凝法与单纯絮凝法处理染料水溶液的脱色效果,前者比后者的脱色率可提高４０％－２００％。使用０．０１％的膨润土加０．００５％的聚合氯化铝,可使以阳离子染料为主的印染废水脱色订达９４－１００％。     

大气细粒子中阴离子表面有机活性物质分析方法的优化

为优化大气细粒子中阴离子表面有机活性物质的亚甲蓝分光光度法和乙基紫分光光度分析法,分别从样品前处理和分析测定两方面对分析方法进行优化,并采用2种优化方案对北京市大气细粒子样品进行分析测定. 结果表明:①2种优化方案的最佳超声提取频率、最佳初始水浴温度和最佳超声提取时间均分别为40 Hz、30 ℃和35 min;②亚甲蓝优化方案的最佳显色剂使用量为0.70 mg,其中中性亚甲蓝和酸性亚甲蓝使用量均为0.35 mg,最佳静置时间为30~45 min;③乙基紫优化方案的最佳显色剂使用量为0.098 mg,最佳静置时间为30 min,最佳辅助性试剂使用量分别为pH＝5的醋酸盐缓冲液0.4 mL,乙二胺四乙酸二钠10 μmol,硫酸钠0.25 mmol. 采用2个优化方案测得的北京市大气细粒子样品中ρ(MBAS)(MBAS为亚甲蓝活性物质)和ρ(EVAS)(EVAS为乙基紫活性物质)分别为0.14～0.39和0.14～0.47 μg/m3. 与亚甲蓝优化方案相比,乙基紫优化方案的试验操作更简便、标准曲线线性关系更好,更适合大气细粒子中阴离子表面有机活性物质的测定.      

酸度对染料臭氧化脱色效果及溶液毒性的影响

研究了20种染料溶液在臭氧氧化过程中吸光度的变化以及pH对氧化速率的影响,应用发光菌毒性检测法测定了活性翠兰KN-G,直接混纺大红D-GLN和酸性橙Ⅱ三种染料溶液在臭氧氧化过程中的急性毒性. 结果表明:臭氧氧化20种染料的脱色过程符合一级反应动力学,其相关系数(R2)均大于0.950 0,反应溶液的初始pH对染料的脱色率有一定的影响. 染料溶液初始浓度相同时,pH为2的酸性条件更有利于染料的降解,在前45 s,酸性溶液脱色率比中性溶液高出了6%～25%. 在臭氧氧化染料溶液的过程中,溶液接近无色时,毒性较大,但随着氧化的进行其毒性逐渐降低.      

亮蓝与日落黄染料的水中电晕放电脱色比较

利用一种能够产生大体积水下脉冲电晕放电的同轴棒-筒电极结构对亮蓝及日落黄染料溶液进行脱色降解,从耗时及耗能角度对脱色效果进行对比。实验发现溶液电导率增加对两种染料脱色速率影响都不大,但能耗增加,相同电导率下日落黄脱色速率大于亮蓝,而能耗低于亮蓝。pH值升高时两种染料脱色速率都减慢且能耗增加,酸性条件下日落黄脱色速率大于亮蓝、能耗低于亮蓝。     

多相流染料废水的臭氧高级氧化脱色行为研究

以亚甲基蓝(MB)模拟染料废水,研究了多相流中染料的臭氧氧化脱色动力学,考察了活性炭、缓冲条件下的pH值以及羟基自由基(.OH)捕获剂对染料脱色行为的影响。试验结果表明,染料MB的臭氧氧化脱色过程符合伪一级动力学。活性炭的相界面催化作用能够促进染料的脱色,当颗粒状活性炭(GAC)浓度由3 g/L增大至15 g/L时,脱色速率呈现增大的趋势,且粉末状活性炭(PAC)催化脱色能力更强。缓冲条件下的pH增大,脱色速率明显加快,而且添加活性炭(>9 g/L)比自由基较活跃(pH=12.7)时的脱色速率常数k提高了一倍。强碱性(pH=12.7)缓冲条件下加入足够量(0.003 mol/L)羟基自由基捕获剂,结果表明HCO3-捕获自由基的能力强于叔丁醇,但由于捕获剂对自由基反应路径的控制作用依然有限,导致染料的脱色速率仍比酸性(pH=2.5)条件下快。     

基因工程菌漆酶对蒽醌染料的脱色研究

利用基因工程菌甲醇毕赤酵母(PMAD16/pMETαA-Lcc1)培养产生的重组漆酶,研究了重组漆酶对蒽醌染料Remazol Brilliant Blue R脱色的影响。结果表明:重组漆酶对蒽醌染料RBBR脱色的最佳pH值为4.5,温度为45℃,当溶液中漆酶活力为10.0U/mL时,在最适脱色条件下作用14h,粗漆酶和纯化漆酶对蒽醌染料RBBR(80mg/L)的脱色率分别为95.2%和87.5%,重组漆酶可有效地使蒽醌染料RBBR脱色。     

酵母Candida krusei对合成染料的脱色

通过筛选实验,从土壤中新分离到1株对活性艳红K-2BP具有明显脱色效果的酵母菌株Y-G-I,经鉴定为克鲁斯假丝酵母Candida krusei．该菌株对含活性艳红K-2BP起始浓度为200mg／L的培养基,最大脱色率为99％,达到最大脱色率的时间是12h．克鲁斯假丝酵母的最佳接种量应不低于5％（体积分数）,培养基最适pH在4～9之间,氮源（NH4）2S04浓度不低于0．1％,相对应的碳源葡萄糖浓度不低于0．5％．对脱色机理的研究表明,该菌株对活性艳红K-2BP的去除属于降解脱色．此外,该菌株对另外9种染料（50mg／L）的脱色率在62％～96％之间．其中,对偶氮染料弱酸艳红B、活性黑KN-B和活性红M-3BE的脱色率都达到了90％以上,对三苯甲烷染料（酸性媒介漂蓝B）的脱色率达到了93％．表明克鲁斯假丝酵母在染料废水的处理上可能具有较好地应用潜能．     

菌株WYT降解还原蓝4的关键基因

以印染厂活性污泥中筛选出的WYT菌株为研究对象,探索其对还原蓝4（VB4）染料降解脱色的关键基因.采用全基因组测序分析方法和同源重组法,确定染料代谢的可能关键基因.对该基因进行敲除,构建载体进行基因回补,设计表型验证实验验证基因的脱色效果.结果表明,该可能关键基因属于染料过氧化物酶基因中的B型,命名为DyP.敲除后的菌株对VB4没有脱色效果,基因敲除成功.WYT菌株与敲除载体发生双交换,获得回补株.在降解实验中,回补株对VB4的脱色率为96.04%,野生株的脱色率为96.95%,回补株恢复了对VB4的降解脱色能力,而敲除株几乎失去对VB4的降解能力,DyP基因是VB4降解脱色的关键基因.     

固定化泛菌对底泥中孔雀石绿的降解

用2%海藻酸钠对孔雀石绿高效降解菌Pantoea sp.EF192586菌株进行固定化包埋,研究固定菌对底泥中孔雀石绿的降解情况。研究结果表明:固定菌对底泥中不同浓度孔雀石绿均有降解,且0.45和0.95μg/g干重降解率更好,达80%。增加固定菌的投菌量可提高降解速率和降解率,但当投菌量增至1.5g后降解率不再增加。泥水系统中水量减少可以提高固定菌起始阶段的降解速率。当固定菌和光照联合作用时可以提高降解率。