新型树脂吸附法在环境抗生素监测中的应用

抗生素造成的环境污染日趋严重、普遍,在我国形势尤为严峻.其污染的对策、现状正逐步成为国际、国内的研究热点,并已经引起包括我国在内的各国政府的高度重视.树脂吸附法因其耐酸碱等特性在环境抗生素的富集、分离和监测中具有独特的优势,本文对此进行了较详尽的论述.     

太湖蓝藻水华预警监测技术体系的探讨

太湖蓝藻水华已经成为一个社会和政府共同关注的环境问题.为确保太湖地区饮水安全,提高政府应对蓝藻水华的能力,对太湖水源地蓝藻进行预警监测是判断蓝藻水华发展趋势以及制定相应的对策的重要手段.文章分析了蓝藻水华暴发的过程和蓝藻水华的监测技术,结合政府部门的实际,提出了太湖引用水源地蓝藻水华预警监测体系,对整个太湖地区乃至全国富营养化水体的水质预警具有重要的参考价值.     

聚乙烯在氮气中的裂变行为研究

对氮气中聚乙烯在不同温度、不同载气流量以及铁、镍、铜三种金属影响下的裂变行为研究结果表明,温度、氮气流量以及三种金属对聚乙烯的裂变有重要影响.在300、500、700℃三个温度条件下,链烃(包括饱和链烃和不饱和链烃)是裂变产物的主体,未发现有多环芳烃形成.在900℃时形成少量低环的多环芳烃.在1100℃和1200℃条件下,不同环数的多环芳烃(单环至五环)及同分异构体是裂变产物的主体,链烃(包括饱和链烃和不饱和链烃)的生成量与前期温度相比有较大幅度的减少.在金属铁、镍、铜分别存在的条件下,聚乙烯的裂变及多环芳烃的形成受到了不同程度的影响.氮气流量的增加有利于降低多环芳烃的形成.     

关于《酸沉降监测技术规范》(HJ/T165-2004)中的几处修正意见

介绍了降水监测数据的阴、阳离子平衡和电导率平衡检验的计算方法,对国家环保总局发布的<酸沉降监测技术规范>(HJ/T165-2004)中公式存在的几个不妥之处提出修正意见.     

中国环境规划的探析

阐明了环境规划与国民经济和气候变化的关系。通过中美环境规划差异的比较和分析,指出健全和完善环境规划制度的重要性。对旧的环境规划体系进行改革,建立新的科学的环境规划体系是中国环境规划发展的必然趋势。     

创建国家环境保护模范城市软件资料体系的建立

软件资料的收集、整理与归档是创建国家环境保护模范城市(以下简称创模)的重点工作之一,贯穿创模的全过程.通过查看资料,可以了解该地区的环境状况是否达到模范城市的要求,同时参照创模考核指标,及时发现存在的重点、难点问题[1],以此推动城市基础设施建设.完整齐全的软件资料,可以使考核专家组在短暂的创模技术评估考核期间了解该地区的基本信息、社会经济发展程度、环境质量与管理情况、基础设施建设进展、污染源布局及治理达标等环境状况,便于专家组全面检查.因此,建立完备的软件资料体系是创模成功的重要保障.     

北京城市声环境自动监测系统监测点位布设方法初探

噪声自动监测相对手工监测而言,更能真实反映城市声环境质量,随着噪声自动监测技术的不断完善,自动监测替代手工监测已成为必然趋势.但目前我国城市声环境自动监测系统正处于起步阶段,国内还没有对声环境自动监测系统的点位布设提出成熟、合理的方案.文章结合北京市声环境自动监测系统建设的实际工作情况,对监测系统总体框架、自动监测点位布设的原则及方法等进行了阐述并提出近期需要解决的问题.     

建设生态经济型的和谐新农村

建设生态经济型的新农村是又好又快发展农业经济的科学选择.文章展望了我国生态经济建设的概况,提出了建设农村生态经济的主要任务,发展农业生态经济的主要措施.     

日本城市环境监测技术系统运营管理研究与借鉴

日本城市环境监测技术系统管理经历多年探索和总结,形成了成熟的运营模式,对我国现行技术系统的管理实践极有借鉴价值.目前环保部门在相应的管理、技术和人才等方面准备不足,面对社会专业化公司的参与,在管理和运营中暴露出一些问题,比较和借鉴国外市场化运营理念,将促进我们管理思路的创新.     

2011年本刊广告投放需知

尊敬的广告客户:《中国环境监测》期刊2011年的广告洽谈工作已经开始,由于目前5个特殊版面位置均已订出,同时受广告普通插页的印张数量所限,请有广告需求的客户尽快与本刊联系。以合同为准,先签先得。     

伊犁低山丘陵区小流域水土保持措施优化配置研究

在调查分析伊犁低山丘陵区水土流失特点的基础上,研究了该区小流域水土保持措施的空间配置。结果表明：伊犁低山丘陵区水土流失主要表现为以水力侵蚀为主的多种土壤侵蚀类型作用下的坡面侵蚀和沟道侵蚀。针对其水土流失特点,伊犁低山丘陵区小流域水土保持措施优化配置为：以生态修复为主,上游地区封禁保护;中游地区种植水保林和经济林带,建立生态缓冲带;下游水平沟种草。通过综合治理开展水土保持生态环境建设,至2012年底,伊犁低山丘陵区治理程度达到77．33％,林草覆盖率48％,改善了当地生态环境。     

伊犁河流域的水电开发与环境保护

当前,新疆正处于水电资源开发大发展时期,做好生态环境保护工作对于水电可持续发展至关重要。伊犁河流域是新疆第一大河,水电资源丰富,同时也是新疆生态环境极其重要的地区,本文针对目前伊犁河流域水电开发的现状,分析了存在的问题,并提出意见建议,可为新疆水电资源的可持续绿色发展提供参考。     

伊犁河水质中CODCr和CODMn的相关性探讨

对伊犁河水质中CODCr与CODMn的相关性进行了讨论。     

Regional analysis of global change impacts: Concepts, tools and first results

The paper introduces an approach for the analysis of global change impacts on river basins or regions. This approach is quite general and can be transferred to any region or river basin of interest on earth. The first application of the approach was in the Elbe river basin, with primary focus on the hydrologic model part and on the integration of crop growth and nitrogen dynamics. Finally, concepts for the integration of socio-economic aspects in the analysis are introduced.     

“十一五”期间重点流域化学需氧量排放及减排潜力分析

根据"十一五"期间七大流域化学需氧量(COD)排放总量、工业COD排放量及生活COD排放量的变化情况对各流域的减排幅度进行了综合评价,根据单位水资源COD负荷、单位工业产值COD排放强度及人均生活COD排放强度对各流域的污染压力进行了综合评价,以七大流域的减排幅度和污染压力为基础分析了各流域COD的减排潜力,并对各流域的重点防控领域和配套减排措施等方面提出了政策建议。     

Assessment on Seasonal Variation of Groundwater Quality of Phreatic Aquifers – a River Basin System

Spatial distribution of pH, electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved solids (TDS), fluoride and total iron content of ground water samples collected from the muvattupuzha river basin, Kerala, India, has been studied for pre monsoon and post monsoon periods of year 2001. Results showed the groundwater of the basin is acidic for which the pH values ranged between 5.5 and 8.0. Average EC was found to be less than 100 μS/cm, for most of the study region. The pre monsoon minimum and maximum TDS were found as 25.6 and 227.84 mg/L respectively, where as post monsoon values ranged between 16 and 162.56 mg/L. The relatively low EC and TDS values found both during the seasons in the lateritic terrain of the river basin signifies the lower residence time of ground water with the country rock. This makes the groundwater quality of this river basin as good. Pre monsoon season samples showed high total iron content than that during the post monsoon period. During the study period values of the fluoride contents were found to be within the permissible limits.     

伊犁地区生物多样性保护及利用

伊犁地区是新疆多种多样动植物的分布中心,堪称自然宝库、天生的博物园。由于人类活动的不断加剧、物种资源过度开发利用、森林的破坏与片段化、水域污染等原因,使生物多样性受到威胁。本文通过对伊犁地区生物多样性保护现状和存在问题的分析,提出相应的保护对策及建议。     

Spatial Assessment of the Alder Tree in Kushiro Mire, Japan using Remotely Sensed Imagery – Effects of the Surrounding Land Use on Kushiro Mire

The relationship between alder (Alnus japonica) distribution and surrounding land use in Kushiro Mire was spatially assessed using remotely sensed imagery. From the result, it was found out that the expanding area of alder trees in Kushiro Mire was affected by the agricultural land area in the upper course of the river basin and flooding in the lower course of the river. The soil sediments flowing into the Kushiro Mire from the agricultural land resulted in heavy sedimentation that favors the growth of alder trees. Consequently, the number and density of alder trees has increased. The future distribution of alder trees was predicted based on the mechanism of expansion of the alder-tree area in Kushiro Mire, and it was found that large vegetation areas in Kushiro Mire will be changed to areas with alder trees.     

Integrating data-driven ecological models in an expert-based decision support system for water management in the Du river basin (Vietnam)

In this study, classification trees were combined with the Water Framework Directive (WFD)-Explorer, a modular toolbox that supports integrated water management in a river basin to evaluate the impact of different restoration measures on river ecology. First, the WFD-Explorer toolbox analysed the effect of different restoration options on the abiotic river characteristics based on the water and substance balance embedded in the simulation environment. Based on these abiotic characteristics, the biological index Biological Monitoring Working Party for Vietnam was then predicted by classification trees that were trained on biological and abiotic data collected in the Du river basin in northern Vietnam. The ecological status of streams in the basin ranged from nearly pristine headwaters to severely impacted river stretches. Elimination of point sources from ore extraction and decentralised domestic wastewater treatment proved to be the most effective measures to improve the ecological condition of the Du river basin. The combination of the WFD-Explorer results with data-driven models enabled model application in a situation where expert knowledge was lacking. Consequently, this approach appeared promising for decision support in the context of river restoration and conservation management.     

Landscape changes as a factor affecting the course and consequences of extreme floods in the Otava river basin, Czech Republic

The paper presents the analysis of anthropogenical modifications of the landscape in relation to the course and consequences of floods. The research was conducted in the Otava river basin which represents the core zone of the extreme flood in August 2002 in Central Europe. The analysis was focused on the key indicators of landscape modification potentially affecting the runoff process - the long-term changes of land-use, changes of land cover structure, land drainage, historical shortening of the river network and the modifications of streams and floodplains. The information on intensity and spatial distribution of modifications was derived from different data sources - historical maps, available GIS data, remote sensing and field mapping. The results revealed a high level of spatial diversity of anthropogenical modifications in different parts of the river basin. The intensive modifications in most of indicators were concentrated in the lowland region of the river basin due to its agricultural use; however important changes were also recorded in the headwater region of the basin. The high spatial diversity of the modifications may result in their varying effect on the course and consequences of floods in different parts of the river basin. This effect is demonstrated by the cluster analysis based on the matrix of indicators of stream and floodplain modification, physiogeographical characteristics and geomorphological evidences of the flood in August 2002, derived from the individual thematic layers using GIS.