北京市污水处理厂污泥处理处置的概况及问题

介绍了北京市污水处理厂污泥处理处置历史和规划编制情况。北京市中心城区经历了堆肥、热干化、石灰干化、水泥窑协同焚烧、热水解+厌氧消化等技术路线选择过程,周边区县采用以堆肥为主的处理技术路线,处置方式均以土地利用为主。提出对上述处理处置技术路线的建议:1)土地利用方式符合北京地区实际情况但应关注相关标准的完善;2)厌氧消化系统运行稳定性、安全性和无害化程度应加以关注;3)区县污泥堆肥设施可采用车间化运营模式;4)应设置应急设施。提出如果土地利用作为最终处置方式得到认可,根据"处置决定处理"的原则,对于上游处理技术应给于全面评估,以确定最佳可行处理技术方案。     

厨余垃圾堆肥减量效果与产品质量性质分析

厨余垃圾堆肥是厨余垃圾资源化处理处置的重要途径之一。通过构建厨余垃圾好氧堆肥和堆肥精筛工程化工艺,分析了厨余垃圾堆肥的减量化效果,评价了厨余垃圾堆肥产品的质量性质。结果表明：厨余垃圾堆肥具有良好的减量化效果,平均减量化率为69.2%;堆肥产品（<6 mm）的有机质质量分数、总养分质量分数和种子发芽指数分别为47.8%,7.9%和71.2%,均优于NY/T 525—2021《有机肥料》标准。研究结果可为厨余垃圾资源化利用及处理处置提供技术参考。     

中国污泥堆肥产业发展模式的探讨

本文介绍了我国污泥堆肥产业现状、技术发展方向、相关标准规范;比较了污泥堆肥项目的建设运营与污水处理的不同之处;通过唐山西郊项目的成功运行,说明污泥堆肥项目在运作良好的情况下完全可以实现运营平衡,结合资源化处置的污染治理项目也有可能实现效益产出.     

城市固体废弃物的末端处置现状及前景展望

基于城市固体废弃物的产生与处置情况,介绍了国内广泛使用的几种典型城市固废末端处置方式,包括填埋、焚烧、堆肥。综合分析其处理对象与处理能力、伴生环境问题以及资源化利用程度,提出相应管理与发展建议。     

唐山污泥处理项目群与污泥农用实践

唐山西郊污水处理厂污泥堆肥工程是中国第一座市政污泥堆肥工程,其与之后陆续建造的唐山西郊污水处理二厂污泥堆肥工程和唐山市城市污泥无害化处置工程,形成了目前我国唯一完全采用国产技术的污泥堆肥项目群,代表了各个时期我国的污泥堆肥发展水平,为行业纵向对比研究提供了范例。文章介绍了上述项目的背景、概况和技术特点,并对主要技术数据进行了对比分析;介绍了污泥有机肥农地实验应用情况及跟踪监测数据;指出该项目群对我国污泥堆肥事业的重要贡献。     

生活垃圾与市政污泥R-SACT混合堆肥技术

由于生活垃圾与市政污泥的各自特点具有互补性,使堆肥技术应用于二者混合物料处置成为可能。根据R—SACT工艺的流程、特点,通过实验研究得到温度、含水率、pH、C／N、通风量、配比等工艺参数结论,并且给出了典型项目的技术经济分析。最后通过技术、经济和社会三个层面说明了该技术是适合中国国情的固废处置技术。     

污泥堆肥项目中除臭技术的选择与设计

介绍了我国污泥堆肥(生物干化)项目臭气治理现状,指出除臭问题是制约污泥堆肥技术推广应用的关键。对比各种除臭技术,分析了污泥堆肥臭气成分和除臭机理,得出结论:化学生物组合除臭工艺与植物液除臭工艺相结合是适合污泥堆肥项目的选择。最后介绍了除臭系统设计选型的主要参数,指出在污泥处理工艺设计中考虑除臭系统可节省投资和运行成本。     

高温堆肥发酵工艺处理城市生活垃圾过程中的部份微生物学问题

本文描述了高温堆肥发酵工艺处理城市生活垃圾过程中的微生物生态学过程。多种微生物分别在不同阶段参与了垃圾堆肥的发酵腐熟过程。论述了垃圾发酵期间 ,人工接种功能微生物菌剂可以加速堆肥材料的发酵腐熟作用 ,缩短发酵周期 ,节省城市生活垃圾处理的运行成本。     

高温堆肥发酵工艺处理城市生活垃圾处理城市生活垃圾过程中的部分微生物学

本文描述了高温堆肥发酵工艺处理城市生活垃圾过程中的微生物生态学过程。多种微生物分别在不同阶段参与了垃圾堆肥的发酵腐熟过程。论述了垃圾发酵期间,人工接种功能微生物菌剂可以加速堆肥材料的发酵腐熟作用,缩短发酵周期,节省城市生活垃圾处理的运行成本。     

我国农村生活垃圾的产生现状及处理模式

推进农村生活垃圾分类、收集与处理是建设整洁美丽新农村的迫切要求。我国典型农村地区生活垃圾产生量目前大多数在0.4kg/(人·d)左右,约是城市的1/3。垃圾中可堆肥的易腐垃圾约占60%,可回收的废品类约占20%。经过垃圾分拣分流后,最终需要处置的垃圾量不足垃圾收集总量的20%。"组保洁、村收集、镇转运、县(市)集中处置"的农村生活垃圾处理模式对许多农村地区仍有较大局限性,在农村生活垃圾分拣分流的基础上发展与有机农业或高效农业相结合的农村生活垃圾就地处理或资源化技术(如堆肥、沼气发酵、蚯蚓或昆虫幼虫处理)有较大推广应用价值。针对我国农村生活垃圾的产生特征与处理现状,提出了适应于农村地区的垃圾处理模式和管理政策。     

三效蒸发器在高含盐废水处理中的应用

在分析各种高含盐废水处理技术的基础上,介绍了三效蒸发器脱盐法,它具有技术成熟、可处理废水范围广、占地面积小、处理速度快、节能等优点,在国内具有较大的发展前景。该技术在实际工程应用中,还存在一些难点,如处理成本高、设备使用寿命短、需要蒸气量大等,亟待解决。     

城市生活垃圾处理若干问题的探讨

本文根据四川实际,对垃圾处理工程规划布局、工艺选择、堆肥工艺中的问题、垃圾处理厂运行体制和垃圾处理的政策措施进行了探讨,提出了对策。     

危险废物处置中心物化处理浅析

介绍了一套危险废物处置中心物化处理系统的工艺原理、工艺流程（废酸碱及重金属废液处理、废乳化液处理）,与国内类似企业物化工艺进行对比,分析了系统的优缺点。结合国内危险废物处置现状和运行管理经验,进行了优化完善,进一步提高系统的经济性和稳定可靠性,为同类企业提供参考和借鉴。     

FARM-LEVEL MANAGEMENT OF DEEP PERCOLATION EMISSIONS IN IRRIGATED AGRICULTURE1

ABSTRACT: Source control costs for deep percolation emissions from irrigated agriculture are analyzed using a farm-level model. Crop area, irrigation system and applied water are chosen to maximize the net benefits of agricultural production while accounting for the environmental damages and disposal costs of those emissions. Deep percolation is progressively reduced as environmental and disposal costs are increased. This occurs primarily through the adoption of more efficient irrigation technology and reductions in applied water for a given technology Higher surface water prices, such as through irrigation reform and constrained surface supplies, are additionally considered in light of the drainage problem, as are the effects, both short- and long-term, on ground water use.     

袋式除尘技术在我国燃煤电厂的应用

对国内10个典型燃煤电厂应用袋式除尘技术的情况进行了调研;综合分析了电厂袋式除尘器的运行情况,以及滤袋使用寿命、除尘器电耗及运行费用、维管工作量、对后续脱硫装置的影响及脱汞效果等情况;结论认为,袋式除尘技术能够有效控制燃煤电厂的烟尘排放,并能够在火电行业普遍推广应用,为火电行业的节能减排和PM2.5治理作出贡献。     

医疗废物集中焚烧处置技术的研究与应用

通过分析各种医疗废物处理技术的特点,指出医疗废物集中焚烧处置技术能够有效处理医疗废物、满足国家对医疗废物处理的要求,适宜在医疗废物集中处置项目中广泛应用。但该技术在实际工程应用中,还存在如处理成本高、设备使用寿命短和二英排放不易控制等问题,尚需进一步研究加以克服。     

REGIONAL PLANNING FOR LAND DISPOSAL OF WASTEWATER1

ABSTRACT This paper describes the development and use of a mixed integer programming model for the planning of land disposal wastewater treatment facilities. Consideration is given to relevant construction and operating costs for land sites, transmission arteries, land acquisition costs, tangible benefits from land use, controls on aquifers, and various other engineering and technical constraints The model is used to determine which land disposal sites should serve which treatment plants, when initial construction should be initiated and completed, and when capacity expansion should occur. The model's application to the St. Louis Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area is illustrated and discussed.     

Application of the analytic hierarchy process to compare alternatives for the long-term management of surplus mercury

This paper describes a systematic method for comparing options for the long-term management of surplus elemental mercury in the US, using the analytic hierarchy process as embodied in commercially available Expert Choice software. A limited scope multi-criteria decision analysis was performed. Two (2) general types of treatment technologies were evaluated (stabilization/amalgamation and selenide), combined with four (4) disposal options: (a) hazardous waste landfill; (b) hazardous waste monofill; (c) engineered below-ground structure; and (d) mined cavity. In addition, three storage options for elemental mercury were considered: (a) aboveground structure; (b) hardened structure; and (c) mined cavity. Alternatives were evaluated against criteria that included costs, environmental performance, compliance with current regulations, implementation considerations, technology maturity, potential risks to the public and workers, and public perception. Considering non-cost criteria only, the three storage options rank most favorably. If both cost and other criteria are considered, then landfill options are preferred, because they are the least expensive ones. Storage options ranked unfavorably on cost because: (a) even relatively small per annum costs will add up over time; and (b) storage is a temporary solution and, sooner or later, a treatment and disposal technology will be adopted, which adds to the cost. However, the analysis supports continued storage for a short period (up to a few decades) followed by permanent retirement when treatment technologies have matured. Suggestions for future work include: (a) involving additional stakeholders in the process, (b) evaluating alternatives for mercury-containing wastes rather than for elemental mercury only, (c) revisiting the analysis periodically to determine if changes are required, (d) conducting uncertainty analyses utilizing Monte Carlo-based techniques.     

NPR工艺在城镇污水处理中的应用

介绍了将NPR工艺应用于某城镇污水处理厂的工程概况,工艺流程,各主要处理构筑物的设计参数以及运行情况,运行实践表明,该工艺对污染物浓度较低的城镇污水有很好的处理效果,各项指标均可达到现行的排放标准。     

Dealing with electronic waste: modeling the costs and environmental benefits of computer monitor disposal

The importance of information technology to the world economy has brought about a surge in demand for electronic equipment. With rapid technological change, a growing fraction of the increasing stock of many types of electronics becomes obsolete each year. We model the costs and benefits of policies to manage 'e-waste' by focusing on a large component of the electronic waste stream-computer monitors-and the environmental concerns associated with disposal of the lead embodied in cathode ray tubes (CRTs) used in most monitors. We find that the benefits of avoiding health effects associated with CRT disposal appear far outweighed by the costs for a wide range of policies. For the stock of monitors disposed of in the United States in 1998, we find that policies restricting or banning some popular disposal options would increase disposal costs from about US dollar 1 per monitor to between US dollars 3 and US dollars 20 per monitor. Policies to promote a modest amount of recycling of monitor parts, including lead, can be less expensive. In all cases, however, the costs of the policies exceed the value of the avoided health effects of CRT disposal.