江南造山带北缘鄣公山地区逆冲-推覆构造特征

江南造山带东端北缘皖赣相邻的鄣公山地区广泛分布一套浅变质强变形的新元古代早期火山-沉积岩系。区内自晋宁主造山期以来历经多期构造变形、岩浆活动、变质作用和沉积作用。本文着重对鄣公山地区陆内造山阶段形成的逆冲-推覆构造进行讨论,区内北东-北东东向展布的、自北向南多层次中高角度叠瓦式逆冲-推覆构造为最显著的构造变形,由瑶里-鄣源-江潭为主逆冲-推覆断层的北部平里-凫峰逆冲-推覆系和以清华-官坑-五城断裂为主逆冲-推覆断层的南部鄣公山-漳前逆冲-推覆系,以及它们内部次级叠瓦状逆冲断层组合而成。逆冲-推覆构造主体形成于早燕山期。逆冲-推覆体自北向南增生,具前展式扩展方式,推覆体属未脱离"母体怀抱"的短距离运移。逆冲-推覆构造形成于印支-南海板块向北强烈推挤的区域动力学背景下。     

吕宋岛弧西缘浅成低温热液成矿作用——以拉拉布金矿床为例

拉拉布脉状金矿床是西必塔矿集区最典型的矿床,而西必塔矿集区脉状浅成低温热液型金矿是近年来发现的最具经济潜力的金矿床之一。金矿赋存于中新世—更新世马林丹群火山岩中,该火山岩呈零星岛状散布于斯丹岗—哥塔巴托—大姑玛线性构造活动带(SCDL)的东部,并受到安山玢岩侵入。该火山岩可分为上、下段两段。下段由安山质熔岩、英安岩、凝灰岩组成,上段为火山角砾岩和凝灰质角砾岩。拉拉布矿床的安山岩具有明显的热液蚀变,属于冰长石—绢云母型金矿化。金是在pH值近中性的浅表环境中由于热液沸腾并伴随流体的混合沉淀而成,通常富集于标高30~200 m之间。金的富集有4个阶段(1)形成角砾岩之前的围岩蚀变作用;(2)热液角砾岩的形成;(3)形成角砾岩后的围岩蚀变作用;(4)金矿形成。     

扎河坝蛇绿岩锆石U-Pb年龄、Hf-O同位素组成及其地质意义

扎河坝蛇绿岩位于准噶尔北缘,是扎河坝—阿尔曼太蛇绿混杂岩带的一部分。通过对蛇绿混杂岩中堆晶辉长岩和凝灰岩夹层的锆石U-Pb年龄及Hf-O同位素进行研究,获得堆晶辉长岩的结晶年龄为485±4Ma,凝灰岩的喷发年龄为401±2.5Ma。辉长岩极度亏损Hf同位素,εHf(t)为13~20,δ~(18)O峰值为+5.37‰,显示其具有地幔特征。凝灰岩锆石的Hf同位素亏损程度低于堆晶辉长岩,εHf(t)为1.4~9.2。扎河坝蛇绿岩具有典型的SSZ型蛇绿岩特征,是通过俯冲增生到洋内弧弧前的蛇绿岩。     

北武夷长寿源银铅(锌)矿床地质特征

长寿源银铅(锌)矿区位于武夷隆起北侧。矿体赋存于震旦系洪山组上段的层间破碎带内,呈层状、似层状产出。矿体沿走向具尖灭再现、膨大缩小特征,剖面上呈似层状、透镜状;矿体厚度变化较稳定,有用组份分布较均匀。矿体产状:倾向177-196°,倾角61-75°,与地层产状基本一致。矿石构造以脉状、网脉状、块状构造为主。矿物成分较复杂,主要有方铅矿、深红银矿、辉银矿、自然银、闪锌矿、黄铜矿、金等。围岩蚀变主要有硅化、绢云母化、黄铁矿化、绿泥石化、碳酸盐化、萤石化、高岭土化等。矿床属于层间破碎带热液充填交代型银铅(锌)矿床。     

低密度聚乙烯(LDPE)膜对内分泌干扰物的动态富集研究

低密度聚乙烯膜(Low-Density Polyethylene,LDPE)在有机物原位被动采样中具有使用简便、耗用量少、成本低廉的优点,但在内分泌干扰物(Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals,EDCs)被动采集方面鲜见应用,有关其平衡分配系数(KLDPE)也不十分清楚.基于此,本文选取7种EDCs,包括双酚A(BPA)、壬基酚(4-NP)、辛基酚(4-t-OP)、雌酮(E1)、β17-雌二醇(E2)、三氯生(TCS)和三氯卡班(TCC),室内模拟LDPE原位动态富集过程,探究了环境因素(温度、pH)对LDPE富集效果的影响,并确定了不同EDCs在LDPE上的富集参数(KLDPE).研究发现,溶液温度升高可以加速LDPE膜对EDCs的吸附,在过低温度条件下(实验设置为4℃),EDCs较难达到膜-水分配平衡;溶液pH对于不同EDCs的影响不尽相同,这可能是因为不同pH条件下EDCs在溶液中形态差异明显,进而影响其在LDPE膜-水之间的分配平衡;7种EDCs的KLDPE实测值均低于各自的经验理论值,这主要由于经验理论值计算过程中未考虑达到分配平衡时有机物从LDPE膜上的解吸附过程,且只考虑了EDCs在膜-水两相之间的平衡.上述结果表明,为提高被动采样测定环境样品中EDCs的准确性,在尽量与实际条件相似的室内条件下获取KLDPE实测值是非常必要的.     

被动采样器(MerPAS)在气态汞含量和同位素分馏研究中的应用

汞（Hg）是一种具有生物毒性、易挥发的有害金属元素。在大气中主要以气态单质汞Hg⁰的形态存在,具有较长的大气滞留时间,能随大气环流扩散到全球。多尺度监测大气Hg⁰的浓度对于评估《关于汞的水俣公约》履行效果极为关键。由于操作简易且不易受恶劣环境影响,被动采样器是现有大气Hg⁰主动监测技术的有效补充。近期研究表明被动采样器（MerPAS）采集到的大气Hg⁰可以同时应用于汞浓度与稳定汞同位素的分析。鉴于MerPAS在大气汞的研究中的广泛应用前景,本文对MerPAS的结构、原理以及其在大气Hg⁰浓度和同位素研究方面的进展进行综述,并通过实地采集天津市市区的大气汞来验证其汞浓度和同位素测试的可靠性。结果显示：MerPAS能够准确地监测大气汞的浓度,并很好地保存大气Hg⁰的同位素信号,特别是非质量分馏信号。     

Homing in the wolf spider Lycosa tarantula (Araneae, Lycosidae): the role of active locomotion and visual landmarks

Previous studies on the homing of the wolf spider Lycosa tarantula have shown that it is carried out by path integration. Animals using this mechanism must measure the distance walked and the angles turned. This study aims to understand if wolf spider L. tarantula is able to estimate the walked distance in an outward path. As this information is more likely obtained by proprioceptive mechanisms, active or passive displacements have been performed. An active locomotion was found essential to estimate distances. During passive locomotion, spiders searched for their burrows near the release point while when displaced actively the inbound journey was longer than the outbound one. The possible use of visual landmarks near the burrow was also tested as a cue to complete the inbound journey. Our results did not show that L. tarantula used these visual landmarks to find the burrow. L. tarantula seems to use only proprioceptive information obtained during the outbound path to estimate the distance traveled.     

Seasonal trend of ambient PCDD/Fs in Tianjin City, northern China using active sampling strategy

The spatial concentrations, seasonal trends, profiles and congener pairs of ambient polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs) were investigated within a seasonally active sampling scheme during Jun 2008 and Jan 2009 in Tianjin City, northern China. The PCDD/F concentrations ranged 14.2-172 fg I-TEQ/m³ (average 69.3 fg I-TEQ/m³) in summer and (89.8-1.01) × 10³ fg I-TEQ/m³ (average 509 fg I-TEQ/m³) in winter, respectively, except for the E-waste dismantling site where much higher values were observed (1.04 × 10³ fg I-TEQ/m³ in summer and 7.123 × 10³ fg I-TEQ/m³ in winter). The results indicated a significantly seasonal trend with higher TEQ values in winter as compared with summer, which could be related to increased emission sources and seasonal variations of the atmospheric boundary layer height. 2,3,4,7,8-PeCDF was the dominant contributor to the total PCDD/F toxic equivalents, and 2,3,7,8-TCDD was detected at almost all the sampling sites in winter. Most of the similarly substituted PCDD/F congener pairs exhibited high correlations, suggesting that they might have similar environmental fate or sources. But different seasonal and spatial distributions of PCDD/F concentrations indicated that the emission sources might be intermittent.     

Tectonic and lithological constraints on the evolution of the Karoo graben of northern Malawi (East Africa)

The results of a lithostratigraphic, tectonic and kinematic study of the Karoo deposits of northern Malawi are reported. The objective of the lithostratigraphic study is to correlate the deposits of the Karoo basins of northern Malawi with the well-known deposits of southern Tanzania, thus establishing a stratigraphic framework through which the timing of faulting can be constrained. The kinematic analysis of faulting constrains the opening direction for the Karoo graben in this area and provides basic data to discuss the Karoo graben development within the regional tectonic framework of south-eastern Africa. The studied faults are defined by moderately to steeply dipping cataclastic zones with a width of up to 15?m and are characterized by an array of slickensided fault surfaces with different orientations and slip directions. In this study, small faults (offset <10?m) and meso-scale faults (offset >10?m, but generally not exceeding 30–40?m) have been distinguished. Methods used to analyse the kinematic data include the 'pressure tension' (PT) method, which estimates the principal axes for the bulk brittle strain, and the internal rotation axis (IRA) method, which estimates the axis of bulk internal rotation and the overall sense of slip at the faults. A mass balance calculation reveals a volume increase of up to 16% during cataclastic deformation in the fault zones. The PT method shows an approximately east trending extension direction for faults that occur only in the latest Carboniferous (?) and Early Permian strata, whereas the fault kinematics from faults that cut middle Permian to Early Triassic rocks is characterized by a ESE to SE trending extension direction. The small faults yield essentially the same kinematic results as the meso-scale faults. In a transport-parallel cross-sectional view, the principal extension axes are at an acute angle of approximately 60° to the major fault planes. Given the moderate fault density, the relatively high angle between the orientation of the principal extension axis and the fault planes suggest only a moderate amount of horizontal extension across the Karoo graben of northern Malawi. Riedel structures in the fault zones formed within two conjugate sets of localized shear zones; slip on one set was top to the W/NW and, on the other, top to the E/SE. The two conjugate sets of Riedel structures have an acute angle about the regional shortening axes, implying that no pronounced rotation of the strain axes occurred. The internal rotation axes for the Riedel structures reveal a largely bimodal distribution and inferred weakly monoclinic to orthorhombic symmetry. Therefore the overall deformation during Karoo rifting in northern Malawi is interpreted to be close to a coaxial deformation with a limited amount of horizontal extension.     

Exceptionally well-preserved giant spermatozoa in male and female specimens of an ostracod Cypria ophtalmica (Crustacea: Ostracoda) from Late Glacial lacustrine sediments of Southern Carpathians, Romania

Exceptionally well-preserved giant spermatozoa observed between abundant decalcified carapace valves of ostracods (Crustacea: Ostracoda) were found in Late Glacial to Holocene (14,400 to 10,000?cal?years bp) lacustrine sediments in the southern Romanian Carpathians. Analysis by scanning electron microscopy and laser scanning confocal microscopy revealed good preservation of the appendages enabling specific identification as Cypria ophtalmica (Candonidae) and indication of the presence of both female and male specimens based on the sexual dimorphism of the second antenna. This record represents the oldest and richest direct evidence of virtually morphologically unaltered animal spermatozoa preserved in females after mating.     

华南板块北缘(江西萍乡段)伸展构造特征

华南板块北缘江西萍乡武功山地区发育的穹窿状变形变质体属岩浆核杂岩，其结构特征和成因机制。与经典的变质核杂岩有相似之处。但其核部是花岗岩，它主要是花岗岩浆强力底辟侵位引起地壳局部隆升和伸展滑覆，在这些伸展滑覆体系之下。掩盖了大片的含煤岩系地层，因此，该区是寻找隐伏煤田的理想靶区。     

厦门西港近岸沉积物重金属污染历史及源解析

分析厦门西港潮间带柱状沉积物中14种重金属元素(Sc、V、Cr、Co、Ni、Cu、Zn、Sr、Cd、Sb、Tl、Pb、Fe和Hg)的垂向分布特征、污染历史和污染来源.结果表明, 1795年之前,多数重金属元素含量变化趋势较平稳;1795~1849年间,Sc、Cr、Co、Ni、Cu、Sr、Cd、Tl、Pb和Hg含量有明显增加;2001~2011年间,Sc、Cr、Co、Sr、Tl、Pb和Hg含量又有增加趋势.多元统计分析结果表明,沉积柱中重金属元素主要有3大来源:交通和工业活动、自然源、工业和生活污水排放,贡献率分别是72.87%、12.20%和10.99%.柱状沉积物中铅同位素示踪分析表明,铅同位素组成从底层至表层由工业活动及污水排放逐步向机动车尾气排放漂移,厦门西港近岸海域中铅污染主要受交通和工业活动、工业和生活污水排放的影响.     

北黄海表层沉积物中多环芳烃的分布及其来源

在北黄海表层沉积物中用气相色谱法定量检出17种3～5环的多环芳烃(PAHs)及部分烷基菲化合物,所检测出的PAHs的总浓度在222.1～776.3ng/g之间,与其他海湾分布相比,含量相对偏低.由多环芳烃参数菲/蒽、荧蒽/芘等比值指征北黄海PAHs主要来源于化石燃料的不完全燃烧.苝在多数表层沉积物中被检出,表明陆源物质在北黄海积累,其主要来源为鸭绿江携带入海的陆源物质.     

Potential of Nassarius nitidus for monitoring organotin pollution in the lagoon of Bizerta （northern Tunisia）

Imposex and butyltin burden were assessed in Nassarius nitidus, Bolinus brandaris and Hexaplex trunculus collected at five stations in the Bizerta lagoon. Biological analysis showed that imposex followed type (a) in N nitidus (distal evolution), against type (d) in the two muricids (proximal evolution). Imposex indices were higher in sites located nearby sources of tributyltin and N nitidus was the least affected species of the five sites, followed by B. brandaris and H. trunculus. Butyltin analysis showed lower accumulation in N nitidus followed by H. trunculus and B. brandaris. This study has allowed the gathering of data on imposex in a snail studied for the first time in Tunisia (N. nitidus). It suggests the possibility of using such snail as a complementary species for organotin monitoring programs in the Mediterranean and further confirmed that H. trunculus is the most suitable species for such investigations.     

Normalisation figures for environmental life-cycle assessment: The Netherlands (1997/1998), Western Europe (1995) and the world (1990 and 1995)

Normalisation provides a measure of the relative contribution from a product system to one or more environmental problems. Total yearly emissions for a reference year in a reference region are normally used to calculate normalisation figures. This paper provides up-to-date normalisation figures for the Netherlands in 1997/1998, Western Europe in 1995 and the world in 1990 and 1995. Impact categories considered were depletion of abiotic resources, land competition, global warming, stratospheric ozone depletion, acidification, eutrophication, photochemical ozone formation, radiation and toxicity. In all cases, a limited set of emissions or extractions are dominant contributors to the normalisation scores. Although much effort was spent on collecting emissions data and characterisation factors, particularly normalisation scores for radiation and toxicity remain considerably uncertain.     

A 2.5-D interpretation of the Basque country magnetic anomaly (northern Spain): geodynamical implications

The Basque country magnetic anomaly follows a NW-SE trend over the Basque country (northern Spain) with intensities up to 250 nT measured at 3000 m above sea level. The paired negative part of the anomaly is located to the north and presents intensities down to −60 nT. A model of the magnetic properties of the crust in the area, taking into account previous geological and geophysical data, indicates a wedge of material with a magnetic susceptibility of 0.07 SI emplaced along a NE-directed basal thrust. The anomalous wedge is composed of basic and/or ultrabasic Cretaceous intrusives and lower crustal rocks, and reaches a minimum depth which increases towards the northwest from 5–7 to 12 km. According to previous works, geological features of the rocks on top of the anomalous wedge indicate that during the Cretaceous this zone constituted a deep marine environment which underwent important crustal thinning related to rifting. The transition towards the southwest was to a normal continental platform. Alpine deformation gave rise to displacement on a basal thrust, which can be correlated with the lower contact of the magnetic wedge, and emplacement of this wedge towards the northeast. The southeastern termination of the anomaly can be related to the lateral termination of the basic rocks which constitute the anomalous wedge in a transform fault related to the rifting event.