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水环境容量是污染物总量控制的重要理论基础,设计水文条件的选取是水环境容量核算的关键内容。建立了铁岭流域稳态水质模型,计算了在生物学方法(30B3、4B3)和水文学方法(7Q10、30Q10)条件下铁岭控制单元的水环境容量。结果表明:30B3和30Q10设计水文条件下COD水环境容量分别为8 048.74和9 658.49 t/a,氨氮水环境容量为549.15和658.97 t/a;4B3和7Q10设计水文条件下氨氮的水环境容量为439.33和494.26 t/a。传统水文学方法核定的水环境容量与生物学方法核定结果相近,但是其设计流量的保证率偏低,污染防控风险增加。水环境容量与入河污染负荷的核定结果表明,铁岭市经济社会的发展已经超过了其水环境承载力,需优化水库的调节能力,合理配置水资源,以增加河道纳污能力,实现污染防控目标。 相似文献
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中国河流水环境容量区划研究 总被引:19,自引:1,他引:19
根据河流水环境容量丰裕度指教、紧缺度指效及季节变差系数的地域分异规律,依据区内相似性和区间差异性的基本原则,特我国除台湾省以外的区域划分为4个水环境容量区和9个水环境容量亚区,并分别研究了各区容量赋存数量多寡、开发利用强度及季市交化程度与该区水质污染之间的内在联系。结果表明,丰裕度指教的低值与紧缺度指数和季节变差系数的高值相耦合(即负耦合)的容量区内,河流水质污染严重;相反,则水质污染比较轻微。此外,文章还结合各容量区的实际情况,探讨了相应的水污染控制、管理策略 相似文献
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基于压力-状态-响应(PSR)结构模型,应用环境承载力预警分析方法,分析了长江三角洲(长三角)16个城市水环境承载力演变情况,并按照压力-状态-响应的逻辑关系,提出了水环境承载力提升的建议.结果表明,2005~2010年,长三角半数城市承载力状态改善明显,包括浙江省内6个城市和江苏省内2个城市,但整体形势依然严峻,表现在2010年江苏省内6个城市和上海仍处于危机状态.此外,区域流域间承载力状况不平衡,分异性特征显著,表现在浙江省内城市显著好于江苏省内城市和上海市,太湖以南城市显著好于太湖以北和以东城市.承载力状况好坏主要与城市容量资源多寡,排污基数大小和污染减排起效快慢有关.长三角城市宜从持续减排,优化布局,提升效率的角度出发,减少承载压力,改善承载力状态,促进承载力响应. 相似文献
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Evaluating Beijing’s human carrying capacity from the perspective of water resource constraints 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
As the demands on limited water resources intensify, concerns are being raised about the human carrying capacity of these resources. However, few researchers have studied the carrying capacity of regional water resources. Beijing, the second-largest city in China, faces a critical water shortage that will limit the city’s future development. We developed a method to quantify the carrying capacity of Beijing’s water resources by considering water-use structures based on the proportions of water used for agricultural, industrial, and domestic purposes. We defined a reference structure as 45:22:33 (% of total, respectively), an optimized structure as 40:20:40, and an ideal structure as 50:15:35. We also considered four domestic water quotas: 55, 75, 95, and 115 m 3 /(person·yr). The urban carrying capacity of 10–12 million was closest to Beijing’s actual 2003 population for all three water-use structures with urban domestic water use of 75 m 3 /(person·yr). However, after accounting for our underlying assumptions, the adjusted carrying capacity is closer to 5–6 million. Thus, Beijing’s population in 2003 was almost twice the adjusted carrying capacity. Based on this result, we discussed the ecological and environmental problems created by Beijing’s excessive population and propose measures to mitigate these problems. 相似文献
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Parameter determination to calculate water environmental capacity in
Zhangweinan Canal Sub-basin in China 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Zhangweinan canal sub-basin (ZWN) has the most serious water resource shortage and water pollution problems in north of China. To calculate the water environmental capacity in ZWN, determination methods for design flow rates and degradation coeffcients were discussed in this study. Results showed that 90% and 50% hydrological guarantee flow rates were suitable to be the design flow rates for rainy and dry seasons, respectively. Degradation coeffcients of CODMn and NH3-N were 0.25 day−1 and 0.15 day−1 for branch streams and 0.5 day−1 and 0.25 day−1 for mainstreams, respectively in ZWN. With one-dimensional water quality simulation model, water environmental capacities were calculated to be 82,139 tons/yr for CODMn and 2394 tons/yr for NH3-N in ZWN. 相似文献
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密云水库库区水环境人口容量优化分析 总被引:1,自引:2,他引:1
把水环境保护作为第一约束前提,探讨了水环境保护下的人口容量估算问题。其中运用多目标决策技术中的逐步宽容约束法,并选用人口容量、粮食产量、乡镇企业产值、水土流失作业优化目标,提出了一个在各目标之间协调优化,综合决策的人口容量估算模型。 相似文献
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1 IntroductionIthasbeenarguedthatChinahaspressedagainstorexceededthelimitsofsustainabledevelopmentonmanyoccasionsoverthepast3000yearswithseriousconsequencesfortheenvironment(Elvin,1993).HenceChina○scurrentenvironmentalproblemsarenotanewconstrainttode… 相似文献
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河流流域的概念从20世纪30年代起开始被应用于环境规划管理中,相关的环境规划方法有很多。本文对城市中河流的环境规划从其原理、意义及各种具体措施等方面进行了论述,阐述了目前城市河流环境规划所具有的特点及面临的问题,对该规划的发展进行了展望。 相似文献
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胶州湾入海污染物总量控制研究 总被引:5,自引:3,他引:5
在胶州湾水质数值模拟的基础上,建立了污染物总量控制模型.计算了各个点源的响应系数,分担率及环境容量.结果表明,胶州湾内COD各入海污染源均有余量,不需要削减.胶州湾东北部N、P污染较严重,污染物入海总量已经超过海域的环境容量.研究结果将为胶州湾污水排海、海域水质管理、总量控制规划编制提供科学依据. 相似文献
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水环境保护与经济发展决策模型的研究 总被引:19,自引:0,他引:19
采用模块化设计思想 ,构建了水环境保护与经济发展的决策模型 ,主要模型有水资源需求模型、水环境容量模型、宏观经济模型、水污染控制模型、经济结构优化模型等。通过对多级模型的求解 ,获得既符合经济发展目标 ,又满足环境保护要求的合理的经济结构和合适的发展速度。从而为水资源保护与经济发展的研究提供可借鉴的思路和方法。 相似文献
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Environmental influence of Wuhan urban agglomeration development and strategies of environmental protection 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
In Wuhan urban agglomeration (WUA), the population growth and concentration, the industrial development and urban sprawl have been affecting the environment ftmdamentally. Comparing with Yangtze delta metropolitan region, the level of urbanization and industrialization of WUA has lagged behind for about 10 years; but the problems in environmental protection and rehabilitation are commonly serious. In the future, WUA should avoid unnecessary mistakes and seek a win-win strategy for economy and environment in its large-scale development stage. Based on the analysis of the changing of main environmental pollutants and the coupled curves in past decades, the paper discussed the important links among the urban environmental pollutions, industry growth and urban sprawl in WUA. It is concluded that the integration of economic and environmental policies in urban development is more required and significant at the large urban agglomeration region. Four proactive and long-term strategies need to be adopted to provide prior guidance and better protection for the development of WUA. 相似文献
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城市水环境控制单元污染物入河量估算方法 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:2
在资料不全且无法进行试验的地区,为了估算污染物进入目标水体的负荷,需要充分利用易获得的数据.使用污染源普查数据和土地利用数据,同时考虑距离对污染物入河过程的影响,来估算水环境控制单元内的污染物入河量.大辽河水环境控制单元营口段是以城区污染为主的城市水环境控制单元,以大辽河水环境控制单元营口段为例估算控制单元内污染物入河量,并进行分析.结果表明使用污染源普查数据和土地利用数据,在根据距离考虑入河系数的情况下能够较准确的估算出污染物入河量,可以为后期进行水环境容量核定工作提供基础数据,同时为城市规划管理者提供制定减排政策的依据. 相似文献
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Environmental quality is important to urban residents’ physical, social and psychological well-being. Governments have been formulating and implementing policies to mitigate environmental deterioration in cities. To effectively implement policies and achieve policy goals, gaining sufficient public support is an essential prerequisite; the policies would be in ruins and the government may also suffer from setbacks in other policy areas in the absence of public support. Therefore, to understand what contributes to public support is a crucial task for policymakers. Though current literature on socio-demographic and attitudinal/psychological factors provides fruitful accounts for policy support, a comprehensive examination of political determinants has yet to be established. In response to this, this review paper explores political factors that influence level of policy support based on existing literature. An integrated framework is proposed to explain policy support for urban environmental policy. This paper also discusses the possible directions of future research. 相似文献
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为深入了解珠江三角洲(简称珠三角)地区水环境承载力发展状况,更好地推进生态文明建设,从社会经济、水生态环境、水资源3个子系统中选取19项指标构成水环境承载力评价指标体系,运用熵权法和障碍度模型对2015年珠三角地区9个城市的水环境承载力和障碍指标进行评价分析。结果表明:水环境承载力综合评价指数平均值为0.507,整体表现适中,但区域性差异显著,深圳、珠海和广州表现最好,佛山、东莞和江门相对较差;从指标障碍度分析来看,人均水资源量以9.9%的障碍度均值成为全地区水环境承载力的首要障碍指标,各子系统障碍度也存在不同程度的空间分异性。根据珠三角地区经济发展特点提出了提高其水环境承载力的建议。 相似文献