森林采伐作业的安全对策

森林采伐是木材生产过程的第一道工序，在整个木材生产作业中占有重要位置，能否实现安全生产直接关系森林采运企业的经济效益。现就国有林场、采育场森林采伐作业的安全问题作简要的分析。1采伐作业的特点1．1受地理条件、气候条件影响和作业方式的限制，露天作业，劳动环境复杂，给劳动保护工作带来许多困难。1．2木材体积大、重量重，形状不规则，给托集、装卸带来不便。1．3由于受生产成本的制约和地理条件限制，目前森林采伐机械化程度低，在我国南方山区基本上是手工作业。1．4采伐工人文化素质较低，安全意识差，安全管理的难度较大…     

采伐作业组安全建设的重要性

采伐作业组安全建设的重要性孟庆芝，孙多臣采伐作业组是林场的细胞，是林业企业直接出产值、出效益的最基本单位，作业组的安全管理水平更是林场安全管理水平的重要标志和具体体现。随着经营机制的改革和市场经济的建立，加强作业组安全建设，进一步提高作业组安全生产水...     

木材采伐伤亡事故的成因及其对策

木材采伐伤亡事故的成因及其对策李慧华，王任植在木材生产中，采伐是伤亡事故最多的工序。采伐作业伤亡事故多发的局面，长期困扰着安全生产。伤亡事故多发的原因主要表现在以下几个方面：１．伐木顺序掌握与判断有误。由于天然林木株距的不规则，以及树冠重心、树枝牵挂...     

木材采伐伤亡事故的成因及其对策

木材采伐伤亡事故的成因及其对策李慧华，王任植（黑龙江省森林工业总局劳动安全监察处，哈尔滨１５０００１）在森工生产作业中，木材采伐是最危险的工种之一，也是伤亡事故最多的工种，这种局面一直没能改变，长期困扰着木材安全生产管理者。１木材采伐作业伤亡事故多的...     

谈伐木安全与安全作业工资

森林采伐是危险性较大、事故最多的工种。因此,抓好采伐作业的安全工作就抓住了关键环节。以往安全操作不与操作者的收益挂勾,作业人员一味求生产效益,缺乏自我保护的安全意识,违章作业屡禁不止,事故时有发生。从东方红林业局采伐作业的安全检查情况看,伐区安全作业到位率仅30%。近几年在经济大潮的冲击下,不安全情况更趋严重,违章现象居高不下。究其原因,关键在于单纯以产量定报酬计发工资,缺少安全评价条件（即不以安全到位率定工资）。要消除这一弊端,实行安全作业工资是一个较为有效的措施。     

强化采伐安全管理 确保伐木人身安全

汉西林业局位于秦岭南麓横跨留坝、勉县两县，绝大多数林分郁闭度仅为０．５～０．６，可利用资源少，立地条件差，森林采伐作业难度大。自１９８６年以来，汉西林业局强化安全管理工作，注重伐木工的安全技术培训和考核发证，不断提高伐木工的安全意识和自我防护能力，实现连续１０年未发生采伐死亡事故。１采取的主要措施因立地条件不同，立木形态各异，体大笨重，难以控制，因此，采伐作业最容易发生伤亡事故。汉西林业局采取一系列管理措施，加强采伐安全管理工作，收到了显著的效果。１．１加强组织领导，全面推行安全生产目标责任制在…     

浅谈如何提高木材采伐作业的本质安全

阐述了木材采伐作业的危险性,分析了木材采伐作业的危险因素,提出了提高采伐作业的本质安全的对策措施.     

如何抓好小煤矿安全生产工作

双鸭山林业局岭东经营所建于1955年,近30年的过量采伐,可采资源已枯竭,现已逐渐由木材生产向多种经营生产转移。几年来,我所克服了资金短缺,没有煤井安全管理经验等各种困难,建成了年产万吨的标准化煤井。随着煤炭产量的逐年提高,煤井安全设施正在逐年完善,煤炭生产的安全管理水平也在不断提高,取得了1992年建井到现在无重伤、无死亡事故的好成绩。我们在安全生产上主要抓了以下工作:     

从事故教训中认识伐木安全距离的重要性

从事故教训中认识伐木安全距离的重要性龙泽铭林业部颁发的《木材采伐运输安全技术规程》及ＧＢ１４１９２—９３《木材采伐运输安全通则》中规定：“伐木与伐木必须实行隔号作业。伐木作业与其它工序之间的距离不得少于７０米”，“在木材易发生滚落、窜动危险和１８”以...     

浅析国营林场安全生产工作的现状与对策

近年来,我省把国营林场安全生产工作作为一个重点来抓,坚持“谁主管,谁负责”和“管生产必须管安全”的原则,把安全生产摆到议事日程,抓机构,抓基础,抓重点,抓薄弱环节,全面落实安全生产目标管理责任制。国营林场安全生产管理基础水平得到提高。 但是,现有安全生产工作仍不能适应当前深化改革和经济建设发展形势的需要。其主要表现:1、安全意识淡薄。部分林场领导,重生产,重效益,轻安全、轻管理,以包代管,放松了对安全生产的领导,放松了现场安全检查监察。2、“三违”现象严重。由于大量增加新职工和使用“三工”,由于他们既是营林、采伐、木材加工等生产的主力军,又受市场经济影响,流动性大,缺乏安全教育培训工作,安全意识淡薄,“三违”现象突出。3、安全生产机构不健全,责任制不落实,各项规章制度不完善。4、安全资金投入不足。现有安措经费解决不了大的技改项目,事故隐患较多,未能得到及时整改。国营林场安全生产的形势并不乐观,职工伤亡事故和职业病时有发生。 为搞好国营林场安全生产工作,实现安全生产,文明生产。我们应采取的对策:     

运材道路修建的安全技术

从安全角度提出了关于各类地区、各等级的汽车运材公路的主要技术指标，阐述了道路环境与行车安全的关系，提出了运材道路的防雪、防滑和冰湖防治的具体措施。     

论木材采运行业安全管理工作的开展

本文论述了采运行业的特点,并提出了做好采运行业安全管理的几点对策.     

森林采运作业个体伤害的工效学分析

森林采运作业是一种高危险作业,有效减少作业过程中的生产事故和作业人员个体伤害是企业安全管理工作的核心,本文运用系统工程学原理和人类工效学方法全面系统的分析了森林采运作业生产事故和作业人员个体伤害的致因,提出了减少采运作业生产事故和作业者个体伤害的对策。为采运企业安全生产管理提供了科学的决策依据。     

Evaluating the effectiveness of a logger safety training program

INTRODUCTION: Logger safety training programs are rarely, if ever, evaluated as to their effectiveness in reducing injuries. METHOD: Workers' compensation claim rates were used to evaluate the effectiveness of a logger safety training program, the West Virginia Loggers' Safety Initiative (LSI). RESULTS: There was no claim rate decline detected in the majority (67%) of companies that participated in all 4 years of the LSI. Furthermore, their rate did not differ from the rest of the WV logging industry that did not participate in the LSI. Worker turnover was significantly related to claim rates; companies with higher turnover of employees had higher claim rates. Companies using feller bunchers to harvest trees at least part of the time had a significantly lower claim rate than companies not using them. Companies that had more inspections per year had lower claim rates. CONCLUSIONS: High injury rates persist even in companies that receive safety training; high employee turnover may affect the efficacy of training programs. The logging industry should be encouraged to facilitate the mechanization of logging tasks, to address barriers to employee retention, and to increase the number of in-the-field performance monitoring inspections. Impact on industry There are many states whose logger safety programs include only about 4-8 hours of safe work practices training. These states may look to West Virginia's expanded training program (the LSI) as a model for their own programs. However, the LSI training may not be reaching loggers due to the delay in administering training to new employees and high levels of employee turnover. Regardless of training status, loggers' claim rates decline significantly the longer they work for a company. It may be that high injury rates in the state of West Virginia would be best addressed by finding ways to encourage and facilitate companies to become more mechanized in their harvesting practices, and to increase employee tenure. Increasing the number of yearly performance inspections may also be a venue to reduce claim rates. Future research could investigate in better detail the working conditions of West Virginia loggers and identify barriers to job tenure, particularly for workers whose primary job task is chainsaw operation. A larger-scale study of the effect of performance monitoring inspections on claim rates is also warranted.     

三高气田钻完井重大事故现场监测数据采集管理系统的设计与实现

把信息化技术用于油气田安全领域,用采集的现场数据评估安全生产环境,实现油气田安全信息化是近年来的新课题。为了有效地监测和预防油三高气田（高含硫、高产量、高压力）井喷事故造成的灾害,讨论了基于网络架构的重大事故现场监测数据采集管理系统软件的研究与设计,包括气象数据,传感器数据,监测设备GPS数据与视频信息的实时采集、处理、分析与显示,并且分段说明了该系统各部分的设计和实现的重点.该系统具有友好的人机界面,并且引入了流媒体技术、无线传感器技术等多种先进技术,能够最大程度地得到全面的表征油气田安全的数据与信息;该系统已经在研究实例龙岗油气田的实验中证明了具有安全生产方面的现实意义。     

基于Web的安全法规符合性评估系统

在分析安全法规符合性评估现状和存在问题的基础上,提出基于Web的安全法规符合性评估系统的技术框架.通过将辨识的安全法规按要素分类、给出量化评估指标体系,构建基于web的安全法规符合性评估系统,实现法规数据库检索、指标体系的计算机辅助定量评估、多人联评、移动终端现场评估、自动生成报告等功能.并以某测井企业为例,开发了安全法规符合性评估系统并已投入使用.应用结果表明,基于web的设计和移动终端的应用使得该系统表现出较好的现场应用性,该系统可提高企业安全法规符合性评估效率,是提高企业安全生产保障能力及满足政府监管要求的有效途径.     

石油天然气钻探过程中硫化氢的监测

石油天然气钻探过程中硫化氢的准确监测是确保钻井安全的条件。在介绍硫化氢气体的性质、危害的基础上具体阐述了现场常用硫化氢监测方法。对现行井场硫化氢监测问题进行了探讨，提出了硫化氢监测应从监测地面气体向监测地层流延伸，硫化氢报警内容应多样化的建议。     

油田放射性测井操作员的受照剂量及其对健康影响的研究

Ａｍ－Ｂｅ中子源和Ｃ５ｒ源是一种极为有效的测井技术，但给测井操作员带来头昏、乏力、白细胞降低等症状，担心影响健康和生育。本文根据在江汉油田对１００多名测井放射人员进行的３７９次有效资料统计，对个人剂量监测和临床观察．阐明测井放射性工作人员受中子、γ线全身照射的个人剂量水平及其医学影响程度。     

Changes in logging injury rates associated with use of feller-bunchers in West Virginia

Problem: It is well documented that logging is one of the most dangerous occupations and industries in which to work, and trees fellers are at greatest risk of injury. The objective of this study was to determine whether West Virginia (WV) logging companies experienced a reduction in injuries after beginning to use feller-bunchers (tree cutting machines, which replace some of the work done with a chainsaw) during harvesting operations. Methods: WV workers compensation claims and employment data from 1995 to 2000 were used to calculate injury rates. Injury trends in the rest of the WV logging industry, not using feller-bunchers, were also assessed. Results: For 11 companies, the pre-feller-buncher injury claims rate was 19.4 per 100 workers and the post-feller-buncher rate was 5.2 per 100 workers. This was a significant difference, with an adjusted rate ratio of 2.8 (95% CI: 1.8–4.5) of pre to post claims. Struck by injuries also showed significant decline, with the pre-feller-buncher injury rate being 3.8 (95% CI: 1.8–8.2) times as great as post-feller-buncher rate. During the time of the study, the injury rate rose in the rest of the WV logging industry. The average cost of a workers compensation claim in the WV logging industry during the time of the study was approximately $10,400. Impact on industry: As mechanization of logging tasks becomes more widespread, the WV logging industry as a whole may see substantial injury declines and a reduction in the total cost of injury claims. Struck by injuries, the most common and potentially fatal of logging injury types, appear to be particularly affected. However, logging operations in areas of very steep terrain where it is not possible to use these machines may need to rely on strategies other than feller-bunchers to reduce injuries.