焦化废水中几种含氮杂环有机物在A1-A2-O系统中的降解特性研究

在对焦化废水中有机物在A1－A2－O生物膜系统中降解转化规律进行分析的基础上，选取焦化废水中6种主要的含氮杂环化合物，吡啶，吲哚，喹啉，异喹啉，8－羟基喹啉，与苯酚共同配制成溶液，在A1－A2－O生物膜系统中运行，结果表明上述几种含氮杂环有机物在A1－A2－O 都可得到较完全的去除，它们在厌氧段的降解速率从大到小依次为，吲哚＞2－甲基喹啉＞8－羟基喹啉＞异喹啉＞喹啉＞吡啶。在厌氧条件下，吲哚和喹啉存在拮抗作用，而吡啶对喹啉有协同作用，啉啶的加入有利于改善由喹啉和吲哚之间产生的拮抗作用。     

新型无极准分子光源深度处理水相中含N-杂环化合物

采用微波激发Kr/I2混合气体产生的206 nm准分子紫外光降解水相含N-杂环化合物,考察了206 nm准分子光直接光解模拟喹啉和吲哚废水的效果.结果表明,初始浓度为20 mg.L-1的吲哚溶液,光照80 min时去除率达62.0%,150 min时TOC去除达50.7%.光照时间、初始浓度和溶液的pH值对喹啉的降解有一定的影响.相同条件下,喹啉的去除率和TOC损失率都明显低于吲哚.光解后的溶液经旋转蒸发提取,顶空注射进入气相色谱/质谱联用仪(GC/MS)定性分析,结果表明,光照下喹啉发生开环降解,生成了甲苯、二甲苯、酸、醛和酯类化合物,而吲哚降解过程中发生了聚合反应.最后,根据中间产物,推断了206 nm准分子光源光解喹啉和吲哚的机制.     

难降解有机物生物抑制特性的研究

对杂环化合物及多环芳烃的好氧生物降解抑制特性研究结果表明：咔唑、联苯等５种物质具有类似的抑制特性,表现在急性持久抑制及抑制强度大２方面,其抑制机理为不逆抑制;喹啉、吲哚等５种物质在高浓度时对苯酚的降解产生明显的初期抑制,历经诱导期,恢复期,最后进入正常降解期,其抑制机理为可逆抑制,萘的抑制属于竞争性抑制范畴。     

6种含氮杂环化合物对发光细菌的毒性研究

研究了吲哚，吡啶，喹啉，异喹啉、2-甲基喹啉和8-羟基喹啉6种含氮杂环化合物对发光细菌的急性毒性作用及上述物质两两混合对发光细菌的联合毒性作用。结果表明，上述物质对发光细菌的EC50分别为11．75、591．50、24．30、8．24、52．26和0．88mg／L，毒性由强至弱依次为8-羟基喹啉、异喹啉、吲哚、喹啉、2-甲基喹、吡啶。所有物质两两混合的联合毒性作用均表现为相加作用。     

焦化废水中有机物在A1-A2-O生物膜系统中的降解机理研究

对焦化废水中有机物在A1 A2 O生物膜系统各段的降解进行了研究 .结果表明 ,废水中主要有机组份为苯酚类和含氮杂环类化合物 ,它们所占比例分别为 5 0 %和 4 0 % .经过厌氧酸化处理后 ,苯酚类中简单酚得到了较大程度的降解 ,随着苯酚甲基取代基数目的增加 ,降解率逐渐降低 ,对三甲酚则没有降解 ;简单的含氮杂环化合物如喹啉、异喹啉、吲哚、吡啶在厌氧过程中也得到了较大的降解 ,而有取代基的含氮杂环化合物则有所增加 ;喹啉和甲基喹啉的降解可生成羟基喹啉和甲基 2(1H)喹啉酮中间产物 .经过厌氧酸化段处理后 ,废水的BOD5 COD有较大提高 .厌氧出水的大部分有机物可在缺氧段得到降解 .最终出水中有机物基本上为大分子难降解物质 .     

Fast photo-catalytic degradation of pyridine in nano aluminum oxide suspension systems

UV light can degrade pyridine to ammonia nitrogen at room temperature. The decomposition of pyridine under UV irradiation with the help of aluminum oxide powders was rarely studied. While with the assist of alumina, fast photo-catalytic degradation of pyridine to 100 percentage ammonia nitrogen was realized within an hour. The promising promotion phenomena were confirmed in opening other nitrogen heterocyclic compounds (NHCs) such as quinoline and 2,2′-bipyridine. Scanning electron microscopy images showed the alumina powder was about 100 nm in size. X-ray diffraction results indicated that the sample was mainly a-Al₂0₃. Specific surface area of the sample was about 280 m²/g determined by BET method. The optimum dosages of catalysts and effects of pH value were also tested. There was no clear absorbance of the alumina sample showed in the range of 200-420 nm. It is believed that the interaction between pyridine and alumina surface hydroxyl caused by chemisorptions weakened the carbon-nitrogen bond and led to the promotion of the decomposition.     

缺氧条件下含氮杂环化合物吲哚和吡啶的共代谢研究

以含氮杂环化合物吲哚和吡啶为研究对象,在传统的缺氧反硝化机理研究基础上,通过向配制废水中加入硝酸盐氮,研究吡啶和吲哚在缺氧条件下的共代谢作用.结果表明,吡啶和吲哚缺氧共代谢的最佳碳氮比为8.4～8.9之间.硝酸还原酶适宜作用的环境条件为:温度28℃,pH值7.0～7.5.吡啶的加入有利于硝酸还原酶活性的提高,吡啶对吲哚的缺氧降解有协同作用.在最佳碳氮比条件下,当吲哚起始浓度为150mg/L,吲哚和吡啶的浓度比例为1～10之间时,吲哚的降解符合零级动力学规律,反应过程中亚硝酸盐氮基本没有积累.当吡啶和吲哚的浓度比小于0.25时,随着吡啶浓度比例的提高,硝酸还原酶活性及吲哚降解速率的增长较快;当吡啶和吲哚的浓度比大于0.25时,硝酸还原酶活性及吲哚降解速率的增长变得比较缓慢.     

厌氧反硝化产甲烷体系中喹啉与吲哚共基质的降解特性

研究了厌氧反硝化产甲烷体系中,典型含氮杂环化合物喹啉、吲哚作为共基质碳源,厌氧生物对二者的降解特性,及群落分析.结果表明：在共基质条件下,喹啉的存在对吲哚的生物降解有抑制作用,且抑制随喹啉浓度的升高而升高;吲哚的存在对喹啉的生物降解有促进作用,但吲哚浓度过高（150mg/L）抑制了喹啉的降解;喹啉、吲哚共基质时,二者的降解都遵循零级反应动力学;通过GC-MS分析,喹啉的主要中间代谢产物分别为2（1H）喹诺酮与8-羟基-2（1H）喹诺酮;吲哚的主要代谢产物为2-吲哚酮与靛红;通过高通量测序对共基质体系的微生物群落进行分析,发现厌氧功能菌群得到富集,细菌菌门以变形菌门Proteobacteria为主,菌纲以Gammaproteobacteria和Betaproteobacteria为主,菌属以Acinetobacter,Candidimonas,Azospira,和Desulfomicrobium为主.     

焦化废水中几种难降解有机物的厌氧生物降解特性

在试验室条件下,采用厌氧间歇试验,分别研究了焦化废水中几种有代表性的难降解有机物——喹啉、吲哚、吡啶、联苯的厌氧生物降解特性.文中突出了以厌氧预处理改善焦化废水中难降解有机物生物降解性的工程实用背景,对这四种有机物的厌氧处理的动力学特性、共基质作用、厌氧处理下去除效果的改善等,进行了较为深入的研究.     

不同共代谢基质对白腐菌降解吲哚的作用研究

选用氨氮、苯酚和喹啉作为吲哚的共代谢基质,通过白腐菌BP对共基质体系的降解研究了白腐菌在秸秆滤出液培养基中对不同共基质体系的代谢过程,并进行了动力学分析,考察了不同共代谢基质物质对白腐菌漆酶分泌和吲哚降解的影响.结果显示,不同降解体系中的白腐菌都可去除99%以上的吲哚.充分的氮源可提高白腐菌的活性和漆酶酶活的峰值;共基质苯酚和喹啉可以增加白腐菌漆酶产量,为吲哚的降解提供较多的电子,同时苯酚和喹啉也能得到较高的去除.在秸秆滤出液中,白腐菌在pH为6～8之间对吲哚都具有较强的降解能力.吲哚在白腐菌的代谢过程中,可能首先在吡啶环的2和3位发生一步羰基化.     

Promotive effect of pyridine on indole degradation by activated sludge under anoxic conditions

Batch experiments were carried out to investigate the promotive effect of pyridine on indole degradation under denitrifying conditions. The seed sludge was obtained from a local coal-coking wastewater treatment facility and was acclimated in the laboratory. Indole and pyridine were supplemented to the synthetic wastewater at different ratios. The optimum ratio of chemical oxygen demand (COD) to nitrate (C/N) was 8.4–8.9 for both denitrification and indole and pyridine degradation. At a temperature of 28°C and pH of 7.0–7.5, the nitrate reductase activity (NRA) was in the best state. The addition of pyridine could promote NRA and the degradation of indole. When the initial concentration of indole was 150 mg/L, the concentration ratio of indole to pyridine was in the range of 1–10. Under optimum C/N conditions, the degradation of indole could be described with pseudo-zero-order kinetics. There was no accumulation of nitrite during the reaction. When the concentration ratio of pyridine to indole was less than 0.25 with an increase in the pyridine proportion, there were more significant augment rates for NRA and the degradation of indole than the situation when the concentration ratio was more than 0.25. __________ Translated from Environmental Science, 2006, 27(2): 300–304 [译自: 环境科学]     

共基质下白腐菌降解含氮杂环类物质的研究

选用不同的营养基质（秸秆、土豆、合成）,通过液体发酵确定白腐菌对典型含氮类杂环化合物喹啉,吲哚分别进行降解。结果表明：秸秆滤液培养基中,喹啉15d内能被降解88．79％,吲哚在6d内降解率能达到99％。采用此培养基,进一步研究喹啉、吲哚及其它物质共基质条件下,白腐菌对喹啉和吲哚的降解性能,发现在共基质条件下喹啉的降解被抑制,而吲哚则能在共基质条件下3d被完全降解,说明共基质促进了白腐菌对吲哚的降解。     

缺氧反硝化去除难降解杂环化合物吡啶研究

在实验室中，采用好氧、厌氧和缺氧间歇试验，研究焦化废水中一种难降解有机物--吡啶的生物降解性能。试验主要研究了在缺氧状态下吡啶的生物降解性能、适宜的N/C比、N源的变化情况等。研究结果表明，缺氧反硝化状态下吡啶的生物降解性能有显著的提高。     

Performance and microbial community analysis of bioaugmented activated sludge for nitrogen-containing organic pollutants removal

Nitrogen-containing organic pollutants (quinoline, pyridine and indole) are widely distributed in coking wastewater, and bioaugmentation with specific microorganisms may enhance the removal of these recalcitrant pollutants. The bioaugmented system (group B) was constructed through inoculation of two aromatics-degrading bacteria, Comamonas sp. Z1 (quinoline degrader) and Acinetobacter sp. JW (indole degrader), into the activated sludge for treatment of quinoline, indole and pyridine, and the non-bioaugmented activated sludge was used as the control (group C). Both groups maintained high efficiencies (> 94%) for removal of nitrogen-containing organic pollutants and chemical oxygen demand (COD) during the long-term operation, and group B was highly effective at the starting period and the operation stage fed with raw wastewater. High-throughput sequencing analysis indicated that nitrogen-containing organic pollutants could shape the microbial community structure, and communities of bioaugmented group B were clearly separated from those of non-bioaugmented group C as observed in non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) plot. Although the inoculants did not remain their dominance in group B, bioaugmentation could induce the formation of effective microbial community, and the indigenous microbes might play the key role in removal of nitrogen-containing organic pollutants, including Dokdonella, Comamonas and Pseudoxanthomonas. Phylogenetic Investigation of Communities by Reconstruction of Unobserved States (PICRUSt) analysis suggested that bioaugmentation could facilitate the enrichment of functional genes related to xenobiotics biodegradation and metabolism, probably leading to the improved performance in group B. This study indicated that bioaugmentation could promote the removal of nitrogen-containing organic pollutants, which should be an effective strategy for wastewater treatment.     

含氮杂环化合物吲哚的缺氧降解性能研究

以好氧、厌氧作为对比，研究了含氮杂环化合物——吲哚的缺氧生物降解性能。主要研究在缺氧状态下吲哚的生物降解性能、适宜N／C比、氮源的变化情况以及吲哚的缺氧降解途径。结果表明，缺氧反硝化状态下吲哚具有较好的生物降解性能。     

焦化废水中有机物的生物处理特性及处理工艺改进对策

在实验室条件下，考察了焦化废水在常规生物处理过程有机物的去除规律，研究了其中４种典型的难降解有机物的好氧与厌氧生物降解特性，对比了厌氧－缺氧／好氧工艺常规的活性污泥法对焦化废水的处理效果，对焦化废水处理工艺提出了改进对策。     

固定化优势菌种处理焦化废水中几种难降解有机物的试验研究

针对焦化废水中的３种难降解有机物（喹啉、异喹啉、吡啶）筛选了具有效高降解能力的优势菌种。采用无纺布－PVA复合载体对优势菌种进行包埋固定。研究了包埋固定化优势菌种对相应有机物的降解特性。结果表明,经优势菌种处理8h,3种难降解有机物均可降解90％以上。     

共代谢对难降解有机物生物降解性能的影响

利用瓦呼仪测试法测试了呋喃等6种难降解有机物在单一基质和与苯酚共基质的条件下生物降解性能,研究共代谢对难降解有机物生物降解性能的影响。研究表明,共代谢对呋喃、喹啉、吲哚生物降解性能有明显提高,吡啶、联苯、三联苯在低浓度时,生物降解性能有所改善。     

模拟城市污水在厌氧、缺氧以及好氧反应器中的毒性削减研究

采用发光细菌法测定城市污水毒性,并研究了模拟城市污水分别在厌氧、缺氧、好氧条件下的毒性削减情况.试验采用人工配水,其中添加了甲苯、邻二甲苯、对二甲苯、吲哚、吡啶、环己酮、苯丙酸7种有毒有机物.并用GC-MS检测上述有机物在不同生物处理过程中的降解情况及出水有机物的变化情况.结果表明,模拟城市污水经厌氧生物处理后毒性增大(HRT≤10h);缺氧生物处理对模拟城市污水的毒性略有削减;而好氧生物处理对模拟城市污水的毒性削减能力较强,效果明显.     

优势菌对焦化废水中几种有机物降解特性的实验研究

从焦化厂曝气池活性污泥和废水处理工艺出水中筛选出6株革兰氏阳性优势菌,根据菌株、菌落形态和大量生化实验将菌株鉴定到属.确定了降解所需的最佳实验条件.分别为温度30 ℃,转速100　r/min,菌株投加量20%(V(菌液)/V(废水)).实验发现,筛选出的6株优势菌对喹啉、吡啶和萘有良好的降解效果,但以喹啉为碳源和氮源筛选出来的H24,H26和H31对喹啉的去除率优于其他3株菌株,而以萘为唯一碳源的H14对萘的去除率优于其他菌种.6株优势菌的驯化活性污泥能进一步提高对喹啉、吡啶和萘的去除能力,去除率在90%以上.