城市污水处理厂动态模拟研究

利用活性污泥1号模型。对采用A/O工艺的上海某城市污水处理厂的碳化、硝化、反硝化过程进行计算机动态模拟，结果表明，出水中的TCOD、TN与污水处理厂的出水基本吻合，说明利用活性污泥1号模型对城市污水处理厂进行模拟是可行的。并根据模拟结果建议该厂运行过程中应降低A段的溶解氧。     

A2/O工艺污水处理厂运行参数优化的数值模拟

为了确定活性污泥系统A2/O工艺的最佳运行工况,将FCASM2-HYDRO模型应用于德清狮山污水处理厂A2/O工艺污水处理过程的数值模拟中.根据FCASM2-HYDRO模型分别建立了厌氧池、缺氧池、好氧池的数值模拟方程.采用有限元法求解,并使用MATLAB语言建立一套数值模拟程序.利用数值模拟程序分别模拟了工艺参数条件、流量、进水碳氮磷比对德清狮山污水处理厂污水处理效果的影响.由数值模拟结果得到了该厂目前最佳的运行工况:污泥回流比为50%,混合液回流比为100%,泥龄为15d,进水COD:NH4 -N:PO34-P比控制为100:8:1.     

活性污泥3号模型对实际工艺的模拟与分析

将活性污泥3号模型(ASM3)与Takács二沉池模型以及反应池流态模型相结合,构建了活性污泥系统模型,并采用Visual Basic 6.0语言编写了计算机模拟程序.将此程序应用于分段进水A/O脱氮工艺中试工艺,分别对其进行了稳态模拟和动态模拟,并取得了与实测值较为接近的结果.同时利用模型分析了运行控制参数对出水水质的影响,模拟结果与实际状况吻合.     

浅谈A~2O活性污泥系统的模拟和验证

国际水质协会(IAWQ)推出的活性污泥数学模型系列(Activated Sludge Model 1~3),即ASM模型。本文以数学软件Mat Lab作为研究工具,使用国际水协(IWA)公布的活性污泥一号模型(ASM1)对浙江某污水厂的A2O工艺建立数学模型并且加以模拟,并将模拟结果和该厂同期的水质监测结果进行横向比较,发现两者结果基本吻合,偏差在可容忍的范围之内。     

A/O工艺污水处理厂FCASM3-Hydro耦合模型及现场校验

在全耦合活性污泥模型(FCASM3)基础上,考虑生物场与水力流场的相互作用,建立了A/O工艺污水处理厂FCASM3-Hydro耦合模型.通过Matlab/Simulink软件平台进行数值模拟,将A/O工艺污水处理厂FCASM3-Hydro耦合模型分别与已报道的生物场一水力场耦合模型(Lee -Hydro)以及FCASM2-Hydro耦合模型进行数值模拟对比研究.结果表明,FCASM3-Hydro耦合模型对出水中COD、NH4+-N、Nox--N、PO43--P等污染物质变化趋势的动态模拟比Lee-Hydro耦合模型更符合实际.在对出水COD的模拟上,FCASM3-Hydro与FCASM2一Hydro耦合模型的模拟值完全一致;在对出水NH4+-N和PO43--P的模拟上,FCASM3-Hydro耦合模型的动态模拟结果比FCASM2-Hydro耦合模型更贴近实测变化趋势.     

ASM3模型的改进和应用

以ASM3原理为基础,引入污染物迁移方程,并加入位移变量,建立了基于ASM3的改进活性污泥模型模拟系统。以序批式呼吸计量试验对ASM3中异养菌好氧产率系数YH1O2、异养菌好氧内源呼吸速率系数bH1O2、异养菌的最大比生长速率μH和自养菌的最大比生长速率μA等4个重要的模型参数进行了确定,其它参数采用IWA推荐的典型值对工艺试验进行模拟。通过对COD,NH4^＋-N以及NO3^- -N进行模拟,模拟结果和实测结果吻合较好。     

全耦合活性污泥模型(FCASM3)在A+A2/O工艺污水处理厂中的数值模拟应用

基于FCASM3建立了杭州市某污水厂A+A~2/O工艺模型.首先测定该污水处理厂的进水水质组分,以及不同阶段污染物浓度的变化和活性污泥中微生物动力学参数;然后,利用该厂2017年上半年的运行数据对模型进行校核.校核结果显示,该模型能够很好地模拟出系统中各物质的转化情况.最后,利用校核完成的工艺模型对该污水厂的主要工艺参数,包括溶解氧、污泥回流比和混合液回流比,进行多因素正交模拟试验.试验结果表明,该污水处理厂的最佳运行工况为:当A+A~2/O系统的好氧池氧传输速率(Oxygen Transfer Coefficient,KLa)、污泥回流比和混合液回流比分别控制在2 h-1、75%及250%时,好氧池TN出水浓度下降1.28 mg·L~(-1),脱氮效率提高了15.91%,同时该厂污水处理能耗降低.     

A/O系统中不同缺氧/好氧体积比对活性污泥沉降性能的影响

为探究A/O系统中不同的缺氧与好氧体积比与活性污泥沉降性能的关系,以实际生活污水为进水水质,考察了不同的A/O比(2/6,4/4,6/2)对污泥沉降性能和丝状菌生长的影响.结果表明,当A/O比为2/6时,系统能够维持良好的沉降性能,优势丝状菌为Type 0041;当A/O比为4/4时,系统的沉降性能恶化,SVI最高达到357mL/g,优势丝状菌为Type 0041,Type 1701;当A/O比为6/2时,系统发生了微膨胀现象并实现了稳定的短程硝化反硝化,优势丝状菌为Thiothrix.nivea.可见不同的A/O比对活性污泥沉降性能影响较大,同时污泥胞内胞外贮存特性及系统的脱氮除磷性能也受到严重影响.     

一种活性污泥-沉淀池动态模型及其仿真应用

耦合两步硝化-反硝化活性污泥法数学模型和对流-扩散标准形式二沉池分布式参数模型,建立了一个新的活性污泥-沉淀池动态模型。基于MATLAB/Simulink仿真平台,组态完成了某常规完全混合式AO工艺系统的仿真模型。经过模拟进行调控优化预演,所建模型能完整体现系统的状态变量随各操作变量变化而呈现出的时变性、非线性、耦合性、大滞后性等特征;所建模型可以作为工艺智能分析、挖掘、优化、预测的基本仿真备选工具。     

基于新一代测序技术的A2O与BIOLAK活性污泥宏基因组比较分析

本研究是A2O(anaerobic/anoxic/oxic,厌氧/缺氧/好氧)与百乐克(BIOLAK)活性污泥宏基因组比较分析的首份报告.在百乐克和A2O活性污泥宏基因组中,分别检测到47个和51个门类,超过了澳大利亚强化生物除磷(enhanced biological phosphorus removal,EBPR)、美国强化生物除磷和Bibby活性污泥中所检测到的生物类群.百乐克活性污泥中所发现的门类,均在A2O活性污泥中检测到.但是,有4个门类仅在A2O活性污泥中出现.Ignavibacteriae门在A2O活性污泥宏基因组中的比例(2.044 0%)是百乐克活性污泥(0.637 6%)的3.2倍.与此同时,芽单胞菌门在百乐克活性污泥宏基因组中的比例是2.467 3%,比其在A2O活性污泥中的比例(0.140 4%)高出17倍多;衣原体门在百乐克活性污泥宏基因组中的比例是0.219 2%,比其在A2O活性污泥中的比例(0.036 0%)高出6倍多.另外,在属的层级,有167个属仅在A2O活性污泥中检出;与此同时,有50个属仅发现于百乐克活性污泥中.因此,在门和属的层级,A2O与百乐克活性污泥的生物群落均存在巨大差异.然而,在百乐克和A2O两个活性污泥中,与氮、磷、硫和芳香族化合物代谢相关的功能基因比例均是非常接近的.此外,两个活性污泥中KEGG(Kyoto Encyclopedia for Genes and Genomes,京都基因与基因组百科全书)所有6个类别的排序均相同.同时,氮代谢相关的功能基因分类和通路分析表明,高丰度酶在百乐克和A2O宏基因组中具有相同的排序.因此,A2O和百乐克活性污泥宏基因组比较分析显示,两个不同的生物群落具有相似的功能分配.     

Characteristics of high-sulfate wastewater treatment by two-phase anaerobic digestion process with Jet-loop anaerobic fluidized bed

A new anaerobic reactor, Jet-loop anaerobic fluidized bed （JLAFB）, was designed for treating high-sulfate wastewater. The treatment characteristics, including the effect of influent COD/SO42 ratio and alkalinity and sulfide inhibition in reactors, were discussed for a JLAFB and a general anaerobic fiuidized bed （AFB） reactor used as sulfate-reducing phase and methane-producing phase, respectively, in two-phase anaerobic digestion process. The formation of granules in the two reactors was also examined. The results indicated that COD and sulfate removal had different demand of influent COD/SO4^2- ratios. When total COD removal was up to 85%, the ratio was only required up to 1.2, whereas, total sulfate removal up to 95% required it exceeding 3.0. The alkalinity in the two reactors increased linearly with the growth of influent alkalinity. Moreover, the change of influent alkalinity had no significant effect on pH and volatile fatty acids （VFA） in the two reactors. Influent alkalinity kept at 400-500 mg/L could meet the requirement of the treating process. The JLAFB reactor had great advantage in avoiding sulfide and free-H2S accumulation and toxicity inhibition on microorganisms. When sulfate loading rate was up to 8. 1 kg/（m^3.d）, the sulfide and free-H2S concentrations in JLAFB reactor were 58.6 and 49.7 mg/L, respectively. Furthermore, the granules, with offwhite color, ellipse shape and diameters of 1.0-3.0 mm, could be developed in JLAFB reactor. In granules, different groups of bacteria were distributed in different layers, and some inorganic metal compounds such as Fe, Ca, Mg etc. were found.     

Photocatalytic degradation of dye effluent by titanium dioxide pillar pellets in aqueous solution

Photocatalytic oxidation (PCO) process is an effective way to deal with organic pollutants in wastewater which could be difficult to be degraded by conventional biological treatment methods. Normally the TiO2 powder in nanometre size range was directly used as photocatalyst for dye degradation in wastewater. However the titanium dioxide powder was arduous to be recovered from the solution after treatment. In this application, a new form of TiO2(i. e. pillar pellets ranging from 2.5 to 5.3 mm long and with a diameter of 3.7 mm) was used and investigated for photocatalytic degradation of textile dye effluent. A test system was built with a flat plate reactor(FPR) and UV light source(blacklight and solar simulator as light source respectively) for investigating the effectiveness of the new form of TiO2. It was found that the photocatalytic process under this configuration could efficiently remove colours from textile dyeing effluent. Comparing with the TiO2 powder, the pellet was very easy to recovered from the treated solution and can be reused in multiple times without the significant change on the photocatalytic property. The results also showed that to achieve the same photocatalytic performance, the FPR area by pellets was about 91% smaller than required by TiO2 powder. At least TiO2 pellet could be used as an alternative form of photocatalyst in applications for textile effluent treatment process, also other wastewater treatment processes.     

高浓度含氮废水生物脱氮新工艺研究

采用厌氧氨氧化-UASB工艺处理高浓度含氮废水,这是一种全新的生物脱氮工艺。厌氧氨氧化-UASB反应器、厌氧氨氧化-UASB-生物膜反应器在相同的进水条件和温控条件下稳定运行,实现了对氮素的持续去除能力,NH4^＋-N、NO2^--N、TN去除率分别保持在99．9％、99．9％、90．0％以上,稳定运行阶段出水pH值均保持在8．5附近。NH4^＋-N去除量与NO2^--N去除量、NO2^--N生成量的比值可以指示厌氧氨氧化反应器性能的演变。ANAMMOX菌在生长过程中需消耗碱度,因此反应器内pH值的变化可以反映生物反应的相对强度。生物膜的培养有利于ANAMIVIOX菌积累,UASB-生物膜反应器运行效果明显优于不具有生物膜的普通UASB反应器。     

A computational model for supercritical water oxidation of organic toxic wastes

A computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model was proposed to simulate the supercritical water oxidation (SCWO) process for organic wastes. The SUPERTRAPP code (by NIST) for thermodynamic and transport properties of hydrocarbon mixtures was incorporated into the commercialized general purpose CFD code CFD-ACE for flow under supercritical pressure. The global kinetic models for supercritical water oxidation of methanol and methane (developed at MIT Energy Lab) were implemented and validated in the CFD-ACE framework against experimental data from a tubular reactor. A series of parametric studies to investigate flow rates, thermal boundary conditions and reactor geometry was performed for methane SCWO in a co-axial reactor and the optimized operating conditions and reactor geometry were obtained. Detailed three-dimensional flow, heat and chemistry simulations of methanol SCWO in the CSTR at MIT Energy Lab were also performed with predicted conversions comparable to measurements.     

DANO动态堆肥装置的特性研究

从理论上提出了DANO堆肥反应器的设计参数。利用堆肥热力学的热平衡,对直径小于1.23m的DANO筒,必须采取保温措施,才能达到发酵温度。根据设计参数,研制了实验模型,并研究了反应器特性,分析了物料在DANO筒内的运动特点和停留时间规律。     

诱导结晶磷回收技术处理低浓度含磷废水研究

诱导结晶技术是近年发展的新型废水处理技术。采用自设计的诱导结晶反应器,反应器形式与Phosnix相似,但结构相对简单,无Phosnix反应器的内外同心筒结构,并增加了过渡区。研究了HRT、[PO43-]、[Ca2+]/[PO43-]对诱导结晶处理低浓度含磷废水的影响规律,并以实验室双泥系统厌氧上清液为原水,考察了结晶反应器长期运行效果。研究表明,在一定范围增加HRT、[PO43-]或[Ca2+]/[PO43-]均可提高磷酸盐去除率,但超过一定数值后,再继续增加对提高磷酸盐去除效果的贡献很小,[PO43-]或[Ca2+]/[PO43-]过高还会导致均相结晶出现,使磷酸盐去除率下降;研究给出了一定条件下的最佳HRT、[PO43-]或[Ca2+]/[PO43-];运行效果试验表明,诱导结晶反应器在进水平均磷酸盐浓度仅为23.6 mg/L的情况下,磷酸盐的平均去除率仍可达到55.2%,该技术在处理低浓度含磷水方面较具应用前景。     

生物膜反应器-单宁酸铁处理低C/N废水的脱氮性能

采用生物膜反应器耦合包埋型单宁酸铁处理低C/N比废水,考察其脱氮性能,分析了生物脱氮过程功能菌群的变化,以及单宁酸铁强化脱氮的作用机制.结果表明,生物膜反应器耦合包埋型单宁酸铁,具有低C/N比废水高效脱氮性能.进水C/N比为1：2.7时,TN平均去除率可达80.0%,TN平均去除负荷为1.38kg/（m³·d）.生物膜反应器内随着进水C/N比降低,优势脱氮过程从同步硝化-反硝化过程向同步短程硝化-厌氧氨氧化-反硝化（SNAD）过程转变,厌氧氨氧化过程对TN去除的贡献率逐渐升高至76.2%,亚硝化菌群和厌氧氨氧化菌群成为优势生物脱氮功能菌群.包埋型单宁酸铁在生化处理后,通过吸附-催化氨氧化作用同步去除氨氮和亚硝酸盐氮,进一步提高TN去除性能.因此,耦合单宁酸铁强化生物膜反应器SNAD脱氮过程,是实现低C/N比废水高效脱氮新的有效途径.     

CuO-CeO2/γ-Al2O3粒子电极对垃圾渗滤液降解特性

研制了负载型CuO-CeO2/γ-Al2O3粒子电极,并与活性炭颗粒混合填充于主阴阳极之间,实现三维电催化氧化反应,采用XRD、SEM对粒子电极进行表征.结果表明, CuO-CeO2/γ-Al2O3粒子电极对垃圾渗滤液显示了良好的电催化活性和稳定性,在pH为7.0、槽电压10V、空气流速0.04m3·h-1反应条件下,150min后, COD、氨氮去除率达到87.8%、45.4%,去除效果较传统二维平板、三维复极性电解槽更高,经20次反复使用后仍具有一定催化活性.研究了电-多相催化氧化体系对垃圾渗滤液降解的动力学规律,表明渗滤液降解符合准一级反应动力学规律;并在此条件下,体系以直接氧化占优.     

兼氧、好氧污泥对对苯二甲酸的生物吸附及降解

研究了连续试验方法培养的未驯化兼氧、好氧污泥对TA的吸附、解吸规律。结果表明,TA在活性污泥上的吸附、解吸规律符合Freudlich等温方程,该方程能较好的预测好氧反应器污泥对TA的吸附量;活性污泥的Freudlich吸附常数和解吸常数不同,表明污泥的生物吸附是一部分不可逆过程;好氧污泥对TA的吸附量大于兼氧污泥。连续试验过程中,反应器内活性污泥对TA的去除机制主要是生物降解作用,而不是生物吸附作用。     

An autotrophic nitrogen removal process：Short-cut nitrification combined with ANAMMOX for treating diluted effluent from an UASB reactor fed by landfill leachate

A combined process consisting of a short-cut nitrification (SN) reactor and an anaerobic ammonium oxidation upflow anaerobic sludge bed (ANAMMOX) reactor was developed to treat the diluted effluent from an upflow anaerobic sludge bed (UASB) reactor treating high ammonium municipal landfill leachate.The SN process was performed in an aerated upflow sludge bed (AUSB) reactor (working volume 3.05 L),treating about 50% of the diluted raw wastewater.The ammonium removal efficiency and the ratio of NO 2 N to NOx-N in the effluent were both higher than 80%,at a maximum nitrogen loading rate of 1.47 kg/(m 3 ·day).The ANAMMOX process was performed in an UASB reactor (working volume 8.5 L),using the mix of SN reactor effluent and diluted raw wastewater at a ratio of 1:1.The ammonium and nitrite removal efficiency reached over 93% and 95%,respectively,after 70-day continuous operation,at a maximum total nitrogen loading rate of 0.91 kg/(m 3 ·day),suggesting a successful operation of the combined process.The average nitrogen loading rate of the combined system was 0.56 kg/(m 3 ·day),with an average total inorganic nitrogen removal efficiency 87%.The nitrogen in the effluent was mostly nitrate.The results provided important evidence for the possibility of applying SN-ANAMMOX after UASB reactor to treat municipal landfill leachate.