A Study on Theoretical Model and Applied Evaluation of Land Use Performance of High-tech Zone in Urban Fringe： A Case Study in Haidian District, Beijing

High-tech industrial zone is an important carrier for constructing innovative cities. It also plays an important role in implementing the national independent innovative strategy. However, most of the high-tech industrial zones have many problems in their development process, such as efficiency of land use, weakness of oriented function and lack of land intensive. To solve these problems, the authors of this paper introduced the concept of land use performance and established the theoretical model to assess the land use performance of high-tech industrial zones. The model consists of the following three-dimensional parts： land use benefit, land use efficiency and innovative function. Based on this theory model, an index system which was composed of three secondary indictors, eight tertiary indictors and 37 fourth-grade indictors was set up to evaluate the land use performance of high-tech zone. To avoid the defects of plus model and function model, the authors brought out a three-dimensional evaluation model to examine the index of the land use performance of the high-tech industrial parks, which equals to the evaluation indicator system of land use performance of high-tech zone based on the above research. The authors examined the land use performance of five different high-tech industrial parks in Haidian District, Beijing City. The results indicated that the indicator system performs better in the aspect of evaluating land use benefit, land use efficiency and function of the high-tech industrial zone compared with other models.     

The Empirical Analysis of the Impacts of Income Distribution Gap on Consumption Demand： Based on the Statistic Data of Chinese Urban Residents in 2000-2010

This paper analyzes the impact of income distribution gap on consumption demand from a theoretical view, and draws the conclusion that there is an inverse relationship between income distribution gap a...     

基于LMDI方法的中国国际贸易隐含碳分解

对国际贸易产生环境影响的定量研究正日益受到关注,特别是对隐含碳的研究.以中国2005年为例,对中国国际贸易隐含碳进行估算,应用对数平均D氏指数法(LMDI)对影响隐含碳净转移的因素进行分解分析.结果显示中国因生产排放碳量远大于其消费需要排放的碳量,从国外净转移到中国的隐含碳为395.66MtC;净转移隐含碳影响因素中强度效应(进出口商品完全碳排放系数差异)贡献率为60%,规模效应(进出额差异)贡献率为55%,结构效应(进出口结构差异)贡献率为-14%,此结果表明中国相比国外的高碳排放强度是造成目前碳转移额外增加的主要因素,分析结构效应发现中国主要净出口行业大部分不是高碳排放强度行业,而净进口行业却主要由高碳排放强度行业构成,特别是与碳排放密切相关的能源行业居净进口行业首位.     

北京城市发展中的能源消耗影响因素分析

城市发展不仅是生产部门规模的扩大,更重要的是城市综合服务功能的强化和第三产业的发展壮大,尤其是大城市人口的增加、居民生活条件的改善,都在能源消费中占居主要份额.本文综合考虑城市经济增长、人口规模扩大和空间扩张等三方面因素,选取北京市市辖区的统计数据,采用LMDI指标分解方法,将能源消耗分解为经济规模、单位产值能耗、人均能耗、人口密度和能源空间支持系数等五项指标,分析各因素对城市能源消耗的贡献.从经济、人口和空间三个方面所体现的城市发展综合来看,经济因素对能源消耗的贡献最大;人口因素所消耗的能源约占能源总消耗的一半;紧凑型空间可以在很大程度上减少能源消耗.结论认为,城市经济增长和居民生活水平的提高依然是能源消耗的主要因素,技术进步也依然是城市节能减排的主要途径;但是,紧凑型空间正在成为城市节能减排的有效途径,低碳生产与生活方式对实现节能减排具有更大潜力.     

中国不可再生能源消耗压力驱动与强度分解

随着煤炭、石油、天然气等不可再生能源的掠夺式开采的日益严重,中国不可再生能源供需缺口日渐放大,来自于经济增长和消耗强度的冲击使得中国不可再生能源消耗压力逐年增大.在对不可再生能源供需缺口以及消耗构成分析的基础上,运用IPAT方程、LMDI分解法,对中国不可再生能源消耗压力的驱动因素进行实证分析,针对作为主要驱动因素的不可再生能源消耗强度,运用费雪指数分解法进行二次结构、效率效应分解,并就分析结果作出具体剖析.研究结论如下:①中国不可再生能源消耗压力呈现“谷峰交替”型变动趋势,消耗压力的增加主要源于经济因素的驱动,消耗压力的减弱主要源于消耗强度的抑制性驱动作用;②结构效应指数对不可再生能源消耗强度的变动发挥主要影响作用,产业结构的低碳化调整会促进工业部门内部消耗强度的降低,从而达到拉动不可再生能源整体消耗强度降低的目标.     

中国工业化进程中的节能估计

改革开放以来，随着中国工业化进程的推进，能源消耗（生活消耗除外）出现了较大波动，本文运用完全分解模型计算、分析了驱使能源消耗变化的经济增长效应、能源消耗强度效应与结构效应，并利用H-P滤波、完全分解模型对中国工业化进程中的节能进行了估计。结果表明，1980-2005年累计节能量为94457万t标准煤。1980-2005年中国节能缺口处于波动之中，尤其是1998年以后，受重新重工业化的影响，与潜在节能率相比，实际节能率在逐步降低，但到2005年，实际节能率大于潜在节能率，节能优先的高能效战略得到一定落实，有效控制和改善了能源的紧张状态。同时，近年来重工业能源利用效率的不断改善，说明重工业化对能源的高消耗只是一种阶段性特征，其中蕴含着巨大的节能空间，随着中国工业化水平的不断提高，节约能源，降低能源的消耗强度，有巨大的潜力。     

城镇居民生活能耗与碳排放动态特征分析

居民家庭生活能源消费与碳排放越来越不容忽视,开展这方面研究对于促进居民可持续消费、寻找新的节能减排途径都具有十分重要的意义.本文在考察量化1999-2007年中国城镇居民生活直接、间接能源消费及其碳排放连续变化的基础上,探究了这段时期生活能耗与碳排放的动态变化特征,并分析其潜在的影响因素.研究主要结论包括:1999-2007年,中国城镇居民人均生活总能耗和碳排总量都呈现出逐年增加趋势,其中间接能耗与碳排始终大于直接能耗与碳排,但二者的差异正在逐年缩小;对于人均直接能耗与碳排来说,二者总量都呈逐年增加趋势,其中电力和煤炭是最主要的直接能源消费品种,也是最主要的碳排来源;对于人均间接能耗与碳排来说,虽然居民生活消费开支逐年递增,但由于各类消费项的单位产值能源强度在逐年下降,因此总的间接能耗与碳排并没呈现出一定的递增或递减趋势,而是出现波动性变化.其中"食品"、"教育文化娱乐服务"和"居住"3项是居民生活间接能耗与碳排的主要来源;人均住宅建筑面积是居民生活碳排变化的主要影晌因子.研究结论为引导可持续的家庭消费模式和节能减排措施的制定提供管理启示与科学依据.     

Analysis of Influences between the Energy Structure Change and Energy Intensity in China

In this article, based on the data of the energy statistics from 1980 to 2004, we analyze the relationship between the primary energy structures, technique, management, and the energy use per unit of GDP based on the path analysis approach and present the degree of the direct, indirect, and the overall influences of the primary energy structures on the energy use per unit of GDP. The results show that the technical change and management level play a decisive role in the energy use per unit of GDP, and the ratio of oil consumption was the major limiting factor to energy use per unit of GDP. We then found the model of the energy use per unit of GDP and the structures of the primary energy consumption, eliminated the multicollinearity in the model with the path analysis result, and finally, analyzed the influence of the primary energy structure on the energy conservation.     

山东省能源消费强度变动的结构及效率效应

从地区、产业以及规模以上工业三个视角,利用四种没有残值的指数分解方法将山东省的有关能源消费强度指标分解为效率效应和结构效应,研究结果显示:山东省生产总值的地区结构变动对其能源强度的下降有阻碍作用,而各地区能源效率的提高则有促进作用;农业、工业、建筑业、交通运输和仓储邮政、商业和住宿餐饮、其它服务业六大产业的增加值占全省增加值比重的变动对山东省能源强度的下降有不利影响,而各产业能源效率的变动则基本上起到促进作用;规模以上工业增加值的行业结构对规模以上工业能源强度的下降有增进作用,而各行业能源效率变动的影响则不稳定.着重发展第三产业,尤其是交通运输、商业、住宿餐饮之外的其它服务业、重视高耗能行业能源效率的持续提高、加强对重点地区的监控,包括泰安市、日照市、莱芜市、临沂市、聊城市等,是降低山东省能源强度的主要途径.     

天津市节能减排绩效及经济效益协调性研究

利用节能绩效-减排绩效关系图,以及节能绩效、减排绩效与经济效益协调关系三角图,研究了2006-2008年天津市17个区县及滨海新区的节能减排绩效关系及其经济协调性状态和趋势.结果如下:①2006-2008年,天津市17个区县及滨海新区的节能减排绩效整体上较差,河西区、西青区、津南区、北辰区、宝坻区、静海县和蓟县的节能减排绩效呈现变差趋势,东丽区和滨海新区(塘沽区、汉沽区和大港区)节能减排绩效很差且无明显变好趋势;其他6个区县的节能减排绩效呈现变好趋势.②2008年,北辰区、武清区、静海县3个区县的经济协调性很强,河西区、河北区、汉沽区、蓟县处于强不经济协调性状态,滨海新区处于弱不协调性状态;2006年,大部分区县(包括滨海新区)处于弱不经济协调性状态,且按强协调趋势发展,其协调性增强主要来自经济效益驱动.③天津市17个区县及滨海新区的节能减排绩效及经济协调性评估权重选择较为合理,能准确地反映节能减排现状.     

Microbial removal of uranyl by sulfate reducing bacteria in the presence of Fe (III) (hydr)oxides

Microbiological reduction of uranyl by sulfate reducing bacteria (SRB) has been proposed as a promising method for removal of radionuclide from groundwater. In this study, we examined the effect of two naturally occurring Fe(III) (hydr)oxides, hematite and goethite, on the bioreduction of U(VI) by a mixed culture of SRB via laboratory batch experiments. The biogenic precipitate from U(VI) bioreduction was determined using X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) analysis, showing a typical feature of uraninite (UO₂). In the presence of either hematite or goethite-containing Fe(III) ranging from 10 to 30 mM, the reduction of U(VI) was retarded by both minerals and the retardatory effect was enhanced with increasing amount of Fe(III) (hydr)oxide. When exposed to a mixture of hematite and goethite with the total Fe(III) kept constant at 20 mM, the retardatory effect on U(VI) reduction by the minerals were directly correlated with the fraction of hematite present. A slow increase in U(VI) concentration was also found in all Fe(III) (hydr)oxide treatments after 10-13 days, accompanied by the release of Fe(II) into the solution. The presence of Fe(III) (hydr)oxide can cause the eventual incomplete bioreduction of U(VI). However, it was not the case for the control without minerals. When mixing biogenic uraninite with hematite or goethite without SRB, Fe(II) was also detected in the solution. These findings suggest that the U(VI) remobilization after 10～13 days may be due to reoxidation of the uraninite by the solid-phase Fe(III) (hydr)oxide.     

Functioning of a Multispecies Haul-out of True Seals (Phocidae) in the Oil Production Region on the Shelf of Sakhalin Island

The results of observation of a seal haul-out at the mouth of Piltun Bay on the northeastern Sakhalin coast conducted from 1997 to 2001 are reported. The species composition and spatial structure of the seal haul-out have been studied. The haul-out community is dominated by the largha seal, which is more numerous than the ringed seal and bearded seal throughout the ice-free period. The characteristics of annual, seasonal, and daily variation in the numbers have been estimated, and their mechanisms have been determined. To date, the development of oil deposits on the northeastern Sakhalin shelf has had no negative effect on seals.