双层委托——代理关系下环境管理的激励机制设计

在环境管理中,公众、环境管理者和排污企业3个主体形成了双层委托—代理关系,导致合谋寻租的现象发生,进而造成环境管理的低效率。通过建立环境管理中合谋寻租的博弈模型,找到影响各主体收益的因素,得出提高对政府部门和企业排污的惩罚系数、降低公众监督环境管理部门的成本、提高其监督的成功率可以降低环境管理者与企业合谋寻租概率的结论,并提出在具体实践中要公开环境信息、畅通公众监督渠道和加强对政府监管失职的惩罚力度。     

论企业建立环境管理体系的问题及对策

环境管理问题已经是我国十分关注的研究问题之一,目前管理者也在不断研究应如何在企业运营中建立环境管理体系,环境管理体系是促进企业和社会和谐共存的桥梁。企业建立管理体系,需要考虑到很多因素,进而也会面临一些建立体系时出现的问题。本文主要是浅谈企业在建立环境管理体系时遇到的问题,从而分析问题提出相应的对策。     

影响企业环境管理控制措施的因素

针对企业环境管理控制措施进行分析,对企业环境管理控制措施的作用进行研究。结合这些内容,提出了影响企业环境管理控制因素。其内容有:相关法规制度不够完善,没有健全的监督机制,缺乏对管理者权力的制约等。最后总结如何改善企业环境管理控制,其内容有健全管理体系,创建绿色文化,提升员工素质,实施绿色供、产、销一体化环境管理等。     

企业环境管理中政府和企业作用分析

我国的经济发展伴随着日益严重的环境问题。在引起环境问题的诸多因素中,来自企业方面的因素对环境的影响最为深远,因此改善环境首先就需要加强企业的环境管理。在推动企业进行环境管理的各种因素中,既有如政府的管制等外部因素,也有如减少成本、产品差异化等企业自身内部因素。外部因素和内部因素对推动企业环境管理都具有重要作用,但也有其局限性。本文通过政府管制及企业自身因素对驱动企业进行环境管理的作用机制的研究,分析各个驱动因素优缺点,寻求各驱动因素的最佳的组合,促使企业更好地加强环境管理。     

综合应用 力求“双赢”——环境管理如何应用污染物排放与清洁生产标准?

通过过去几十年的环境保护实践,我们逐渐意识到,仅依靠开发更有效的污染控制技术所能实现的环境改善十分有限,关心产品和生产过程对环境的影响,依靠改进生产工艺和加强管理等措施来消除污染更为有效。污染控制标准意在通过严格标准限值的制订,引导企业及环境管理者开发和完善污染治理技术来解决污染问题,改善环境;而清洁生产标准在环境管理中则属于更高起点的管理要求,是在企业达到现有环境标准的基础之上,提出的更高的环境要求和目标。在环境标准体系中两类标准最终目标的结合,将会充分发挥标准的引领和支撑作用,为环境管理工作提供有效的保障和法律依据。     

县级环境管理问题浅谈

环境管理是环境保护的中心工作。强化环境管理对保护生态环境、防治污染作用无疑是重大的。但是笔者认为,我国的县级环保部门在环境管理工作上普遍存在着一个简单化、公式化的问题,环境问题的地方性和局限性很强。不考虑不同地区的环境背景、自净能力、环境容量的极大差别,单纯地、片面地依靠国家的一些防治污染政策来限制一些小型企业,特别是不发达地区的县乡级企业的发展,无疑对我国的经济建设是不利的。笔者结合几年来的县级环境管理工作体会,就管理工作中存在的一些问题谈几点意见。     

工业企业搬迁污染场地的管理与对策

概述了我国工业企业搬迁污染场地在法律法规、标准体系、及目前政府相关部门对工业企业搬迁污染场地实施监督管理的现状,指出了目前我国在法律法规、土壤环境标准体系及污染场地管理体系中存在的主要问题,以及通过健全法律法规、完善标准体系、明晰管理体系以及提高环境管理者业务水平等措施,解决工业企业搬迁污染场地管理中的问题,保障工业企业搬迁污染场地的环境安全。     

工业企业搬迁污染场地的管理与对策

概述了我国工业企业搬迁污染场地在法律法规、标准体系、及目前政府相关部门对工业企业搬迁污染场地实施监督管理的现状,指出了目前我国在法律法规、土壤环境标准体系及污染场地管理体系中存在的主要问题,以及通过健全法律法规、完善标准体系、明晰管理体系以及提高环境管理者业务水平等措施,解决工业企业搬迁污染场地管理中的问题,保障工业企业搬迁污染场地的环境安全。     

信息化推进环境管理创新的探讨

当前我国在环境信息化管理中存在的问题有管理者思想认识不系统、不全面、基层政府资金投入过低、人员素质不高以及地方政府的行政制约不够、污染源信息采集分散,数据公信力不高等,对此信息化推进环境管理的创新方法有对管理者的信息化环境管理意识进行强化、提高基层政府的资金投入、提高人员素质以及地方政府的行政制约能力、在全国范围内统一建立排污许可证信息管理系统等,这样才能够使我国的环境管理信息化水平不断提高。     

驱动因素下企业环境管理对环境的影响

新时期下,我国企业已经进入到了高速发展阶段,提高了企业经营管理效益,但也存在着环境管理问题。基于此,本文首先分析环境管理驱动因素,并提出其对环境管理的影响。     

Improvement of agility and sustainability: A case study in an Indian rotary switches manufacturing organisation

Increasing competition has been forcing the modern manufacturing organisations to adopt advanced manufacturing paradigms. Agile Manufacturing (AM) is an advanced manufacturing paradigm that enables an organisation to survive in the competitive business environment. Agility is the performance measure of AM practices. Simultaneously, modern business organisations are forced to evolve environmental friendly products. Sustainability is regarded as an important concept for survival by the modern organisations. In this context, agility and sustainability are regarded as performance measures for contemporary organisations. This paper reports a case study which has been carried out in an Indian rotary switches manufacturing organisation. The candidate product is the knob of rotary switch. Initially Computer Aided Design (CAD) has been used to digitalise the baseline model. Keeping the baseline model as reference, five new knob models have been evolved. Then the sustainability analysis has been carried out to determine the environmental impact of the knob models. The analysis results indicated that the proposed knob models possess minimal environmental impact. The conduct of case study has lead to an inference that there is a significant improvement of agility and sustainability in the design and development of knob of rotary switch.     

共享"红线" ——宜昌市环境总体规划信息管理与应用系统(V1.0)开发研究

在宜昌环境总体规划(2013-2030)得到市人大批复实施的背景下,为共享环境总体规划生态功能红线、环境质量红线与资源开发红线("三条红线")、为满足提供规划实施与评估有效途径的实际需求,在市信息办及环保局现有业务信息系统现状评价基础上,综合运用GIS、海量空间数据管理、SOA架构、瓦片地图分发、移动GIS等技术,设计开发了宜昌市环境总体规划信息管理与应用系统(V1.0),实现了"三条红线"等相关数据成果的地图展示、查询等精确管理分析以及项目环境影响评价的辅助决策.     

企业绿色管理障碍及对策研究

随着中国环境的日益恶化,企业经营活动与自然环境的冲突是政府、企业和学术界关注的热点话题.实现绿色制造和绿色产品生产供给是企业面临的一项重要议题.绿色管理作为一种新的管理模式,在落实新发展理念、推动绿色发展过程中起着重要作用.根据现有文献梳理了绿色管理演变过程和绿色管理的障碍因素,在此基础上提出了绿色管理对策.对于企业而言,增强企业领导的绿色承诺、实施绿色实践和绿色人力资源管理是企业实现绿色管理的重要举措.同时,只有实施绿色管理,企业才可能实现可持续性发展.     

环境管理的经济手段分析

环境管理中占主导地位的是直接管制手段，直接管制手段就是政府行政管理机构以指令控制的方式向污染排放者下达法令或提出具体的标准。直接管制在环境管理中取得了很好的成绩。但在环境和经济的协调效率上还不够灵活有效，显示出相当的局限性。阐述了排污收费,使用费，产品费,排污权交易、环境税收等常用的经济手段，并进行了比较分析。     

The drivers for contractors’ green innovation: an industry perspective

In the construction industry, contractors have been facing the challenge to meet the emerging needs related to the reduction of environmental impacts during the construction process. Generally, the commitment of efforts and resources from contractors to meet these needs is motivated by the influence exerted from environmental regulations and stakeholder demands. However, managerial environmental concerns and size of firms also account as key factors affecting the adoption of green construction practices. Therefore, the aim of this research is to identify those factors influencing contractors to adopt green construction practices by using data gathered from a survey. From the results, it has been found that managerial concern is the most important driver for the adoption of green practices. Significant relationships have also been found between government regulations and business size with the adoption of green construction practices. However, there is no significant evidence on the relationship among the adoption of green construction practices with perceived stakeholders’ pressures. The findings from this study are significant in the understanding on the factors of green construction management. This knowledge may contribute to better decision-making towards implementing green construction practices.     

环境污染治理对区域工业经济发展速率的影响研究

环境污染治理对区域工业经济发展速率的影响,一直是该领域研究人员的讨论热点,对该方面进行研究,有利于社会经济的整体提升和生态环境的高效治理。分析了环境污染对区域工业经济发展产生的影响,将其划分为对人体健康的影响和对人们生活的影响,并在经济生产力大幅度下降,人类安全的影响,区域工业经济发展速率影响三个方面分别进行研究,依据研究结果分析环境污染治理对工业经济发展速率的影响,对工业废气治理与人均GDP关系、工业废水治理与人均GDP关系、工业固体废物治理与人均GDP关系的相关研究.     

Policing and polluting: The role of practices in contemporary urban environmental pollution governance

Over the past 30 years, urban environmental pollution governance has been increasingly influenced by ideas of New Public Management. However, there is increasing evidence that it is failing in its promise to deliver efficient and effective regulation. The critiques are mounting of risk-based approaches, where regulators are increasingly accountable for the costs (and benefits) of their interventions upon firms.There is a particular lack of research on the role of conduct and practices involved on the ‘front line’ of regulation. This constrains our ability to understand how more efficient effective urban environmental pollution control might develop. This paper focuses on the regulator field officers and business duty holders of environmental compliance, who have direct contact in the processes and administration of regulation. Applying theories of social practice to environmental regulation, the paper provides new insights into compliance and enforcement practices, as these workers seek to prevent pollution, remediate sites and manage waste. The analysis reveals disconnects between expectations of enforcing and managing compliance; and between practices of policing and polluting.Using an ethnographic-informed approach to understand the social practices of regulation has not been attempted in this way before. It reveals new insights into limitations of current approaches to regulation, and indicates interventions that could lead to improved compliance outcomes in a post-New Public Management era in urban pollution governance.     

Environmental management practices in the defence sector: assessment of the Portuguese military's environmental profile

Environmental management practice in the military is a growing reality in many countries. The goal of this research was to assess Portuguese military environmental profile, as a first step towards evaluating environmental performance. This paper assesses how environmental practices have been adopted in this sector, based on a self-assessment by the services. A national survey was carried out, involving a representative sample of the armed forces and defence administration. Overall results show that the integration of environmental practices into the Portuguese military is quite new, although with a positive trend when compared with other public sectors. Among the three military branches, the air force has adopted the most environmental practices.     

Organisational behaviour and strategies in the adoption of certified management systems: an analysis of the Spanish hotel industry

While the literature over the last ten years has dealt with the implementation of quality, environmental and other management systems in terms of the interest aroused and results obtained, little has been written about organisational behaviour and the extent to which such standards have been adopted in the service sector. The present article explores these variables in the hotel industry, based on information collected from 403 hotels. The empirical analysis conducted evinces significant differences in behaviour and penetration between the service and manufacturing sectors, as well as between the implementation of management systems and the introduction of other business practices in the hotel industry. The results shed light on the importance of implementing certified management systems for conducting the hotel business.     

国外化学品环境管理中关于商业保密信息的实践及其对中国的借鉴

化学品环境管理实践中,化学品危害特性和暴露评估相关数据涉及的化学品所有者的商业保密信息(CBI)是管理部门和企业重点关注的焦点之一.通过信息的公布,可以让公众了解化学品的有毒有害特性,提前防范其环境和健康风险,实现管理目标,但同时也可能影响化学品企业的商业利益、竞争地位和技术优势,损害企业的利益.美国和欧盟的化学品管理法规均对CBI提出了规定和要求,其管理实践对完善中国化学品环境管理中保密信息的管理具有积极的借鉴意义.