火电厂SCR脱硝催化剂技术研究进展

选择性催化还原(SCR)法是目前火电厂处理烟气中NOx的主要方法。本文对SCR技术及脱硝催化剂进行了综述,重点介绍了SCR脱硝工艺的影响因素、SCR在火电机组实际运行中的问题及解决策略、SCR催化剂的失活及处理方案。     

低能耗SCR法处理不锈钢退火酸洗线NOx废气机理及工艺研究

中国的不锈钢事业正在飞速发展,其退火酸洗线产生的NOx废气会对环境造成污染,且随着氮氧化物对人类活动及环境影响的日趋严重,国家对不锈钢退火酸洗线废气中NOx的排放标准要求也越来越严格,相应的法规政策也随之出台。本研究分析了SCR法处理NOx废气的机理,并针对不锈钢退火酸洗线NOx废气温度及粉尘含量相对较低、NO/NO2比例较高、NOx浓度非常高的特点,选用GJ-HC型低温催化剂,采用"喷淋吸收+预热+换热+加热+SCR反应+换热"的工艺。在现场设定反应温度为260℃的条件下,设计要求SCR反应出口NOx浓度均低于150 mg/m3。同时与V2O5/Ti O2系催化剂相比较而言,GJ-HC型催化剂既具有非常好的处理效率,同时节能环保效果显著,为一种低能耗SCR法催化剂。     

催化裂化烟气脱除NOx的选择性催化还原技术

催化裂化 ( FCC)是炼油厂中排放的最大污染源 ,排放的 NOx占炼厂的一半。选择性催化还原( SCR)是脱除 FCC装置烟气中 NOx的高效技术。通过由均一材料挤压制成的流通式蜂窝状催化剂除去 NOx,只需在 SCR上游喷入 NH3,无需外加动力 ,无污水产生 ,适用于宽范围的烟气温度。控制 FCC再生器烟气的 NOx排放的选择性催化还原 ( SCR)技术 :在氧化催化剂作用下 ,NH3与NOx反应生成氮气与水蒸汽。常用的催化剂是五氧化二钒 /二氧化钛 ,也可用分散在载体上的铂或钯贵金属催化剂或分子筛催化剂。 NH3可由无水氨、氨水或尿素提供 ,典型的 NH…     

燃煤电站 SCR 催化剂管理及其优化

选择性催化还原(SCR)方法是目前国际上电站烟气脱除氮氧化物(NOx)的主要技术手段之一,其脱硝率的高低对于催化剂有着较高的要求。研究采用文献分析的方法,就燃煤电站SCR催化剂的管理及优化进行研究,旨在探索实现SCR效益最大化的途径。研究表明,只有根据当地的实际情况,计算出成本与脱硝率之间的合理比例,才能有效地实现对SCR催化剂管理的优化。     

层柱粘土催化剂在SCR烟气脱硝中的应用

电站锅炉排放的氮氧化物（NOx）是大气污染的主要来源之一，对人类的健康构成了极大的威胁。在我国燃煤电站中，大多采用低NOx燃烧技术，而脱硝效率较高的选择性催化还原（SCR）技术则应用较少。随着我国NOx排放标准的日益严格，SCR技术将会在我国获得较大的发展。在SCR技术的应用过程中，催化剂的制备生产是其中最重要的组成部分，其催化性能直接影响到SCR系统的整体脱硝效果。层柱粘土（Pillared Interlayer Clays，PILC）催化剂，是近年来国际上正在大力研究开发的一种新型催化材料，具备非常优异的催化性能。我国拥有丰富的膨润土资源，它是制备层柱粘土的主要原料。研究层柱粘土催化剂对于我国的环保产业及非金属矿业的发展具有重要意义。     

火电厂SCR脱硝催化剂失活机理与再生技术探讨

选择性催化还原法(SCR)是目前火电厂控制NOx排放应用最为广泛的工艺,催化剂作为该工艺的核心部件,其性能优劣及寿命长短对整个SCR系统具有十分重要的影响,为此催化剂的失活与再生是被广泛关注的问题。从催化剂的烧结、磨蚀、中毒失活等方面阐述了SCR脱硝催化剂的失活机理,并就不同失活机理下的失活催化剂再生技术进行了探讨。     

船舶柴油机脱硝净化技术研究现状及进展

NOx是船舶柴油机重点治理的对象。阐述了船舶柴油机氮氧化物排放法规的限值要求,介绍了机内、机外净化技术原理及各种技术的优、缺点。重点介绍SCR技术,列举各国SCR技术的发展及使用情况,以及SCR催化剂未来的发展趋势。     

燃煤电厂SCR烟气脱硝设计的影响因素分析

选择性催化还原脱硝法(SCR)是当前世界上主流的烟气脱硝技术工艺,具有脱硝效率高、成熟可靠、应用广泛、经济合理和适应性强等特点。本文就影响燃煤电厂SCR烟气脱硝设计的几个主要因素如入口NOx浓度、还原剂和催化剂形式及其布置方式进行了分析与讨论,并指出各燃煤电厂在进行SCR烟气脱硝设计时应结合自身烟气条件、煤质资料及其当地环境保护法律法规等合理选择烟气参数,以保证SCR系统运行的安全性和经济性。     

导流板对脱硝反应器运行的影响分析

在SCR脱硝系统中,流场均匀性的研究主要是通过计算流体动力学CFD与冷态试验模拟相结合的手段来进行,通过加设导流板对流场进行优化,从而为SCR工程设计提供最优流场建议。本文对多个SCR工程的现场安装和运行情况进行跟踪检查,监测出口NOx浓度和氨逃逸率,观察催化剂磨损情况和导流板积灰、变形现象,从多角度考察导流板的优化效果。     

SCR催化剂对汞的催化氧化研究进展

文章综述了目前国内外选择性催化还原(SCR)催化剂催化氧化燃煤烟气中汞的研究现状。介绍了钒基、铜基、铁基、锰基、铈基以及贵金属SCR催化剂对汞的催化氧化性能;分别分析了烟气温度、烟气组分(Cl2、HCl、SO2、NH3等)、空速等因素对各催化剂汞氧化性能的影响;最后运用文献对比方法综合概括了燃煤烟气条件对汞氧化的影响,并结合我国燃煤电厂现状,对SCR催化脱汞技术的发展方向提出建议:利用SCR催化剂实现燃煤烟气中汞的氧化,结合现有污染物控制设备实现汞的脱除,是一种经济、高效的燃煤烟气脱汞技术;当前应深入研究SCR催化剂对汞的催化氧化机理,开发能够实现NOx与汞协同控制的,稳定、高效、普适性强的低温SCR催化剂。     

Effect of TiO2 surface properties on the SCR activity of NOx emission abatement catalyst

NOx emission abatement catalysts V2O5 supported on various TiO2 including anatase, rutile and mixture of both were investigated with various physico-chemical measurements such as BET, NH3-TPD, NARP, XRD and so on, and the effect of TiO2 surface properties on the SCR (selective catalytic reduction) activity of V20s/TiO2 catalysts was studied. It was found that the TiO2 surface properties had strong affect on the SCR activity of V2Os/TiO2 catalysts. The stronger acidic property resulted in the higher exposure of active sites as well as the higher SCR activity.     

Effect of TiO2 surface properties on the scr activity of Nox emission abatement catalysis

NOx emission abatement catalysts V2O5 supported on variousTiO2 including anatase, rutile and mixture of both have beeninvestigated with various physico-chemical measurements such asBET, NH3-TPD, NARP, XRD and so on, and the effect of TiO2 surfaceproperties on the SCR activity of V2O5/TiO2 catalysts was studied.It has been found that the TiO2 surface properties had strongaffect on the SCR activity of V2O5/TiO2 catalysts. The strongeracidic property resulted the higher exposure of active sites aswell as the higher SCR activity.     

Iron-doped Mn-Ce/TiO2 catalyst for low temperature selective catalytic reduction of NO with NH3

The catalysts of iron-doped Mn-Ce/TiO 2(Fe-Mn-Ce/TiO 2) prepared by sol-gel method were investigated for low temperature selective catalytic reduction(SCR) of NO with NH 3.It was found that the NO conversion over Fe-Mn-Ce/TiO 2 was obviously improved after iron doping compared with that over Mn-Ce/TiO 2.Fe-Mn-Ce/TiO 2 with the molar ratio of Fe/Ti = 0.1 exhibited the highest activity.The results showed that 96.8% NO conversion was obtained over Fe(0.1)-Mn-Ce/TiO 2 at 180°C at a space velocity of 50,000 hr 1.Fe-Mn-Ce/TiO 2 exhibited much higher resistance to H 2 O and SO 2 than that of Mn-Ce/TiO 2.The properties of the catalysts were characterized using X-ray diffraction(XRD),N 2 adsorption,temperature programmed desorption(NH 3-TPD and NOx-TPD),and Xray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS) techniques.BET,NH3-TPD and NOx-TPD results showed that the specific surface area and NH3 and NOx adsorption capacity of the catalysts increased with iron doping.It was known from XPS analysis that iron valence state on the surface of the catalysts were in Fe3+ state.The doping of iron enhanced the dispersion and oxidation state of Mn and Ce on the surface of the catalysts.The oxygen concentrations on the surface of the catalysts were found to increase after iron doping.Fe-Mn-Ce/TiO2 represented a promising catalyst for low temperature SCR of NO with NH3 in the presence of H2 O and SO2.     

Combination of biodiesel-ethanol-diesel fuel blend and SCR catalyst assembly to reduce emissions from a heavy-duty diesel engine

In this study, the efforts to reduce NOx and particulate matter （PM） emissions from a diesel engine using both ethanol-selective catalytic reduction （SCR） of NOx over an Ag/Al2O3 catalyst and a biodiesel-ethanol-diesel fuel blend （BE-diesel） on an engine bench test are discussed. Compared with diesel fuel, use of BE-diesel increased PM emissions by 14% due to the increase in the soluble organic fraction （SOF） of PM, but it greatly reduced the Bosch smoke number by 60%-80% according to the results from 13-mode test of European Stationary Cycle （ESC） test. The SCR catalyst was effective in NOx reduction by ethanol, and the NOx conversion was approximately 73%. Total hydrocarbons （THC） and CO emissions increased significantly during the SCR of NOx process. Two diesel oxidation catalyst （DOC） assemblies were used after Ag/Al2O3 converter to remove CO and HC. Different oxidation catalyst showed opposite effect on PM emission. The PM composition analysis revealed that the net effect of oxidation catalyst on total PM was an integrative effect on SOF reduction and sulfate formation of PM. The engine bench test results indicated that the combination of BE-diesel and a SCR catalyst assembly could provide benefits for NOx and PM emissions control even without using diesel particle filters （DPFs）.     

钒钛基SCR催化剂中毒及再生研究进展

在烟气脱硝系统中,选择性催化还原催化剂的中毒和再生是广泛关注的问题。文章介绍了钒钛基催化剂的碱金属中毒、碱土金属中毒、砷中毒和二氧化硫中毒,探讨其成因,并对中毒机理进行了分析,同时研究了避免催化剂中毒的措施以及中毒催化剂的再生技术。对碱金属中毒和碱土金属中毒催化剂的水洗再生和硫酸酸洗再生方法进行了实验评价。文章对溶胶凝胶法制备的以陶瓷颗粒为骨架的纳米负载型催化剂V2O5-WO3/TiO2(C)进行研究。实验结果表明,硫酸酸洗再生对碱金属和碱土金属中毒催化剂具有较好的再生效果。在380～410℃温度范围内可使中毒催化剂的NO去除率恢复至90%以上。水洗再生对碱金属中毒催化剂无明显效果,而在380～410℃温度范围内可使碱土金属中毒催化剂的NO去除率达到80%以上。对V2O5-WO3/TiO2(C)抗SO2性能研究表明,以锐钛TiO2为载体的V2O5-WO3/TiO2(C)催化剂具有较好的抗SO2效果。     

添加硫酸根对燃煤电厂V2O5基脱硝催化剂性能的影响

采用浸渍法分别制得活性物质V2O5的含量均为1%和SO2-4的含量不同的催化剂,并通过实验研究了添加SO-24对燃煤电厂SCR法脱硝技术中V2O5基催化剂活性和热稳定性的影响.在固定床反应器上,在NH3/NOx物质的量比为1.0和模拟烟气流量为72 L·h-1条件下,对几种催化剂的活性进行了测试,结果显示,当负载加入5.01%的SO2-4或使用含有8.91%的SO-24载体制备催化剂时,催化剂的活性提高最为显著;在TGA 92热重.差热分析仪上对这两种催化剂进行了热重实验,结果表明,添加的硫酸根对催化剂的热稳定性也有一定提高,且不会影响电厂SCR催化剂的使用.     

Simultaneous catalytic removal of NOx and diesel soot particulate over perovskite-type oxides and supported Ag catalysts

A series of perovskite-type oxides and supported Ag catalysts were prepared,and characterized by X-ray diffraction (CRD)and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS).The catalytic activities of the catalysts as well as influencing factors on catalytic activity have been investigated for the simultaneous removal of NOx and diesel soot particulate.An increase in catalytic activity for the selective reduction of NOx was observed with Ag addition in these perovskite oxides,especially with 5% Ag loading.This catalyst could be a promising candidate of catalytic material for the simultaneous elimination of NOx and diesel soot.     

蜂窝状SCR脱硝催化剂成型配方选择

通过对钒钛基蜂窝状SCR脱硝催化剂的制备工艺研究,探索了二氧化钛(TiO2)载体及成型剂配方对产品机械性能及脱硝活性的影响.分别选用工业级硫酸法锐钛型TiO2和进口商业纳米锐钛型TiO2为载体原料,所考察的主成型剂包括二氧化硅(SiO2),活性氧化铝(γ-Al2O3),以及SiO2和硼酸(H3BO3)的混合粉体.进一步对载体及所制备催化剂样品进行表征,机械强度及脱硝活性测试.结果表明,商业纳米级TiO2较工业级TiO2在杂质含量、粉体粒径、分散度等方面占有明显优势,但TiO2晶粒尺寸要高于后者,比表面积亦低于工业级样品.在SCR催化剂制备上,相对工业级TiO2而言商业纳米级TiO2制备样获得了较高的机械强度,但其在脱硝活性方面并不占有优势.而对主成型剂配方的探索显示,以SiO2与H3BO3按一定比例混合得到的成型剂配方不但能够显著提高蜂窝状催化剂的机械性能,另一方面也能够维持其较高的脱硝活性,因此该配方作为钒钛基SCR催化剂的成型剂是合理可行的.     

Mn-Ce-Co/TiO2催化剂低温脱硝活性研究

以纳米TiO2为载体,通过浸渍法制备一系列改性Mn-Ce/TiO2脱硝催化剂.通过实验考察不同元素组分催化剂的脱硝活性,同时探讨金属氧化物掺杂对提高催化剂低温脱硝活性的机理.活性测试结果显示,Co掺杂能最有效地提高Mn-Ce/TiO2催化剂在低温段的SCR脱硝活性,在n(Co):n(TiO2)=0.08～0.10、体积空速为35100h-1的条件下,催化剂在120℃时就能达到80%以上的NO去除率,140℃左右时的NO去除率接近100%.BET、XRD、TPR、TPD等表征测试结果表明,Co掺杂可改进Mn-Ce/TiO2催化剂的物化特性,增加催化剂表面的活性酸位点及活性氧数量,提高催化剂的氧化还原能力,从而提高Mn-Ce/TiO2催化剂低温SCR脱硝活性.     

Performance and mechanism study for low-temperature SCR of NO with propylene in excess oxygen over Pt/TiO2 catalyst

A 0.5 wt.% Pt/TiO2 catalyst was prepared and used for the low-temperature selective catalytic reduction(SCR) of NO with C3 H6 in the presence of excess oxygen.The effects of Pt loading and O2 concentration on Pt/TiO2 catalytic performance for low-temperature SCR were investigated.It was found that optimal Pt loading was 0.5 wt.% and excess O2 favored low-temperature SCR of NOx.The mechanism of low-temperature SCR of NO with C3 H6 was investigated with respect to the behavior of adsorbed species over Pt/TiO2 at 150°C using in situ DRIFTS.The results indicated that surface nitrosyl species(Pt δ+-NO and Ti 3+-NO) and Pt 2+-CO are main reaction intermediates during the interactions of NO,C3 H6 and O2.A simplified NO decomposition mechanism for the low-temperature SCR of NO with C3 H6 was proposed.