二元对比排序法评价湖水营养化

对我国五个主要湖泊水质营养比使用二元对比排序法进行模糊数学分析，建立了评价湖水营养化的数学模型，并分析了计算方法的物理意义。与其它方法比较，本方法更为简单实用，所得结果更符合客观，并能直观地对各个湖泊湖水营养化的程度定量地表达。     

湖泊中水下植物光合作用对溶解氧和pH值的影响

文章研究了湖泊中水下植物光合作用对湖水ＤＯ和ｐＨ的影响，提出了预测ＤＯ和ｐＨ变化的计算方法     

固城湖水环境现状调查与评价

对固城湖水环境现状进行了调查与评价。结果表明．除湖心区断面枯水期总磷达Ⅳ类标准外,其余断面平、丰、枯水期水质均达Ⅲ类水标准。固城湖水体呈中营养化状态．且综合营养状态指数已接近富营养状态。指出,面源污染,内源污染。养殖污染。流域内的航运污染是造成固城湖水体富营养化的主要原素。提出,应严格控制各类污染源,建立流域内的污水处理厂．保护森林植被．推广使用无磷洗涤剂、生态化肥、生态农药;定期疏浚湖底淤泥,改良现有水生植被结构;加大对固城湖环境、功能和开发利用的研究及湖泊富营养化的研究．对水体中的磷、氮的化学行为及平衡进行分析,预测发展趋势。制定营养物质种类,防止其湖水向藻型湖泊发展。     

湖泊的水质改善——国外湖泊富营养化水质改善工程介绍

湖泊是中国重要的淡水资源之一 ,它与经济可持续发展以及人民生活休戚相关。随着国民经济不断增长 ,工业规模不断扩大 ,城镇人口不断增加 ,工业废水、生活污水的排放量也日益增加 ,大量营养物不断流入湖泊 ,湖泊富营养化、水质咸化、淤积和萎缩、生态破坏以及水质恶化等环境问题不断出现 ,其中湖泊的富营养化已成为中国最重要的水环境问题之一 ,湖泊的水质改善和保护也成为目前的紧急课题。现介绍湖泊富营养化水质改善技术及国外在实施这些技术方面的事例。1　营养盐对策1 1　湖内化学凝聚沉淀向湖中加入铁盐或铝盐 ,将湖水中溶解的无机磷…     

基于湖北省12个中小型湖泊的水环境遥感监测应用示范

以《湖北省水环境遥感监测示范系统》为数据处理平台,对2012—2014年湖北省大东湖水网、梁子湖水系和汤逊湖水系共计12个湖泊的水质类别以及营养状态级别进行遥感监测,并对比实测数据进行精度评价。结果表明:遥感监测的梁子湖、豹澥湖和严西湖水质相对较好,杨春湖、北湖和南湖水质相对较差且富营养化状况较为严重。该系统能很好地实现对水质优良达标湖泊以及富营养化湖泊的识别。对示范区域各湖泊水质类别和营养状态级别的遥感监测,基本上能满足业务化运行的需求。个别湖泊遥感监测精度较低,主要表现为遥感监测的湖泊水质类别和营养状态级别均要优于实测的结果。系统对于面积相对较大的湖泊遥感监测精度更高。     

灰色系统理论在湖泊污染影响因素分析中的应用

湖泊是一项重要的自然资源,它有丰富.的水利资源,又有丰富的水产和水生植物等天然资源.因此,湖泊往往成为人们开发利用的重要对象,沿湖地区进而也成为人们生活生产的重要场所.近年来.由于我国城市和工业的发展,以及农业大量施用化肥,加上植被破坏造成的水土流失冲刷入湖引起湖泊水域环境污染,水质逐年恶化.因此,研究影响湖泊水质污染具有重要的实际意义.影响湖泊水质(COD)的因素是多方面的,也是非常复杂的.湖区工业、农业生产的发展,以及湖泊水位等因素都可能对湖水COD浓度产生影响.然而在这些因素中,哪个因素影响大,哪个因素影响小,“因素分析”来评定.因素分析的基本方法,过去采用的主要是统计的方法,如回归分析等.然而这方法要求足够量的统计(样本)数据.这     

玄武湖菹草种群的发生与水环境变化

于2005年11月-2006年4月对玄武湖菹草种群进行了采样分析,并对其发生过程中的水环境质量进行了跟踪监测.结果表明,玄武湖菹草种群发生过程中,湖区水质有明显改善,湖水透明度增加,主要监测指标TN、TP质量浓度值下降.指出,在湖区维持一定量的菹草,对湖泊在冬春季的水环境质量的改善以及生态系统的平衡与健康方面具有重要意义.提出解决湖泊环境问题的根本途径是修复重建健康水生态系统.     

城市废水对玄武湖生态的影响

玄武湖是南京的“明珠”,闻名中外的风景游览区。 玄武湖属于城市小型浅水湖泊,平均水深为1.14米,最大水深为2.31米,湖水面积为3.7平方公里。该湖属金川河水系,全流域汇水面积为20.1平方公里。湖水主要靠钟山北麓雨水供给。主要入湖沟渠有六条:南十里长沟、老季亭、香料厂、唐家山沟,紫金山沟、西家大塘。玄武湖流域北部与护城河、金川河相通,建有和平闸、小北门闸。南部出水与珍珠河相通,建有武庙闸。使玄武湖水系完全处于人工控制之下,常年保持水位9.8～10.2米。     

湖泊生态类型分类的一个方案

提出以湖泊生态系统结构与功能为依据的生态类型分类方案。其原则主要是主导因素和综合分析相结合;多级划分;及为经济建设服务。分类的指标主要有三类:1.、化学指标、包括氮、磷、有机质等营养元素含量及比量作为营养型标准,总硬度、矿化度及钾、钠和钙镁离子比等水型标准,污染物质浓度是否超过环保标准为污染指标。2.自然地理指标,主要是以湖泊所在地所属自然地理及气候区划的类别、湖面大小、湖容发育系数及湖水交换率为标准。3.生物指标,包括群落结构中生产者的优势类群,营养盐在食物链网中主要流转途径和鱼产潜力。     

洪泽湖水体富营养化时空分布特征与影响因素分析

通过2014年—2017年对洪泽湖12个水质断面定期调查,采用营养状态指数(TLI)综合评价其水体富营养状态,同时应用主成分分析方法(PCA)分析其富营养化状态的时空变化特征。结果表明,洪泽湖70%以上的调查断面水质全年处于轻度富营养化状态,夏季是其富营养化最严重的季节;洪泽湖年内水体水质差异较大,而其水华特征并未呈现明显差异;洪泽湖富营养化很大程度上受制于营养盐的积累程度,并与湖泊透明度呈现极显著的负相关关系(p0.001),与湖水pH值呈现极显著的正相关关系。     

地表水环境遥感监测关键技术与系统

介绍了地表水环境遥感监测的关键技术与系统及其典型应用,其代表性机理模型和应用示范成果主要来自于中国科学院遥感与数字地球研究所的高光谱遥感团队在最近几年中取得的一些研究进展,主要包括建立了基于改进双峰法的水体分布自动化遥感提取方法,实现了简单、高效和高精度的水体提取;提出了大型湖泊长时序水量估算方法,并以青藏高原湖区为例,重建了典型湖泊面积、水位和水量序列;发展了基于“软分类”的典型内陆水体叶绿素a浓度反演方法,构建了基于生物光学模型的高度浑浊水体悬浮物浓度遥感反演半解析方法,提高了反演方法的区域和季节适用性;构建了基于水色指数的大范围湖库营养状态和透明度遥感监测方法,实现了全球大型湖库营养状态遥感监测,以及全国大型湖库透明度遥感监测;在此基础上,开发了地表水环境遥感监测系统,提高了水环境遥感监测效率,促进了卫星遥感在水环境监测中的高精度业务化应用。     

新疆水环境质量影响因素浅析

由于新疆各类水体所处的地理环境不同,以及所在地域的气候、水文、人类活动强度等条件不同,使各类水体的水环境质量有很大差异.本文主要分析阐述了影响新疆河流、湖泊、水库、城市饮用水等水质特性的各类因素,并提出了较为可行的对策建议.     

云南九大高原湖泊水体总α、总β调查与评价

报道了对云南九大高原湖泊水体中总α、总β放射性水平的调查结果,并对调查结果进行了分析比较,为开展水体的环境辐射评价提供一定的依据。调查结果表明,这九大高原湖泊水体的总α、总β放射性水平属正常本底水平。     

Application of System Dynamics on Shallow Multipurpose Artificial Lakes: A Case Study of Detention Pond at Tainan,Taiwan

This study designs a multipurpose urban shallow artificial lake, including water supply, flood detention, and water environment preservation. It is expected to not only preserve a healthy water environment but to also retain water conservation and flood detention. This study adopts system dynamics (SD) to analyze the relationship between different purposes of water resources utilization. Furthermore, different operation strategies effects can be simulated by SD through a proposed urban multipurpose shallow artificial lake system. The results demonstrate the dynamic effects of strategies managers propose such as demand analysis, inflow control, and water quality improvement in this case study for Taiwan. SD aids lake system prediction and understanding temporally in sequential planning for water supply, environmental preservation, and flood detention. The SD model will hopefully serve as a reference to study different features before artificial lakes constructing.     

Water quality of least-impaired lakes in eastern and southern Arkansas

A three-phased study identified one least-impaired (reference) lake for each of four Arkansas lake classifications: three classifications in the Mississippi Alluvial Plain (MAP) ecoregion and a fourth classification in the South Central Plains (SCP) ecoregion. Water quality at three of the least-impaired lakes generally was comparable and also was comparable to water quality from Kansas and Missouri reference lakes and Texas least-impaired lakes. Water quality of one least-impaired lake in the MAP ecoregion was not as good as water quality in other least-impaired lakes in Arkansas or in the three other states: a probable consequence of all lakes in that classification having a designated use as a source of irrigation water. Chemical and physical conditions for all four lake classifications were at times naturally harsh as limnological characteristics changed temporally. As a consequence of allochthonous organic material, oxbow lakes isolated within watersheds comprised of swamps were susceptible to low dissolved oxygen concentrations to the extent that conditions would be limiting to some aquatic biota. Also, pH in lakes in the SCP ecoregion was <6.0, a level exceeding current Arkansas water-quality standards but typical of black water systems. Water quality of the deepest lakes exceeded that of shallow lakes. N/P ratios and trophic state indices may be less effective for assessing water quality for shallow lakes (<2 m) than for deep lakes because there is an increased exposure of sediment (and associated phosphorus) to disturbance and light in the former.     

New insight into defining the lakes of the southern Baltic coastal zone

There exist many classification systems of hydrographic entities such as lakes found along the coastlines of seas and oceans. Each system has its advantages and can be used with some success in the area of protection and management. This paper aims to evaluate whether the studied lakes are only coastal lakes or rather bodies of water of a completely different hydrological and hydrochemical nature. The attempt to create a new classification system of Polish coastal lakes is related to the incompleteness of lake information in existing classifications. Thus far, the most frequently used are classifications based solely on lake basin morphogenesis or hydrochemical properties. The classifications in this paper are based not only on the magnitude of lake water salinity or hydrochemical analysis but also on isolation from the Baltic Sea and other sources of water. The key element of the new classification system for coastal bodies of water is a departure from the existing system used to classify lakes in Poland and the introduction of ion-“tracking” methods designed to identify anion and cation distributions in each body of water of interest. As a result of the work, a new classification of lakes of the southern Baltic Sea coastal zone was created. Featured objects such as permanently brackish lakes, brackish lakes that may turn into freshwater lakes from time to time, freshwater lakes that may turn into brackish lakes from time to time, freshwater lakes that experience low levels of salinity due to specific incidents, and permanently freshwater lakes. The authors have adopted 200 mg Cl^? dm^?3 as a maximum value of lake water salinity. There are many conditions that determine the membership of a lake to a particular group, but the most important is the isolation lakes from the Baltic Sea. Changing a condition may change the classification of a lake.     

Plankton diversity and water quality assessment of three freshwater lakes of Mandi (Himachal Pradesh, India) with special reference to planktonic indicators

The present study deals with the limnobiotic status of three selected lakes of Himachal Pradesh using physicochemical and biological parameters (especially phytoplankton and zooplankton) over a period of 2 years. One hundred forty-eight species belonging to nine groups of phytoplankton and 79 species belonging to five groups of zooplankton were identified from the lakes. Trophic level and the pollution status of the lakes were assessed upon the basis of Shannon diversity index (H′), species richness index (S), and physicochemical parameters. Plankton population size was correlated with biotic and abiotic parameters (pH, alkalinity, temperature, dissolved oxygen, transparency, phosphate, chloride, and nitrate). The present investigation revealed that the distribution of plankton species depended upon the physicochemical parameters of the environment. Based on water quality standards given by the Central Pollution Control Board, the water quality was between “A–B” at Prashar wetland, “C–D” at Kuntbhyog Lake, and “D–E” at Rewalsar Lake. The results from the present study indicated that the potential of planktons as bioindicators of trophic status is very high.     

Ecological assessment of French Atlantic lakes based on phytoplankton, phytobenthos and macrophytes

Biological elements, including phytoplankton, phytobenthos, macrophytes, benthic invertebrates and fish, are employed by the EU Water Framework Directive (WFD) 2000/60/EC as ecological indicators for the assessment of surface waters. The use of primary producers (phytoplankton, phytobenthos and macrophytes) for water quality assessment has a long history, and several methods have been developed worldwide. In this study, we used these three communities to assess the ecological status of five natural lakes located in the Aquitaine region (southwest France). Several biological indices used in lakes from other European countries or in French rivers were employed and compared among the three communities. Each primary producer provided complementary information about the ecological status of the lakes, including the invasiveness of exotic taxa. Regardless of the producer community used, the response to the environment, as reflected by the indices (adequate for each community), was similar: Lakes Cazaux, Lacanau and Hourtin showed the best ecological status and Parentis and Soustons the worst. Phytoplankton diagnosis reflected and integrated unambiguously the water quality of the lakes, as demonstrated by the strong relationships between the phytoplankton index and the trophic status criteria. This community appeared as the best indicator, especially when macrophytes were absent. The methods applied here represent a potential tool for the assessment of the ecological status in the context of WFD, but they need to be refined. We propose modifications for phytobenthos index initially tailored for running waters for adequate use in lentic ecosystems. Indices for the three primary producers should be modified to incorporate exotic species which may provide information on potential biodiversity losses.     

长江源区河流及典型湖泊丰水期水质与鱼类群落分析

为加强长江源区水生态研究,于2017年丰水期调查了长江源区5个湖泊、5条河流的水质和鱼类资源状况,并研究了其空间格局.水质综合指数(WQI)计算结果显示,长江源区WQI范围为41～87,评价等级介于差到良好之间,大部分采样点的水质评价等级为一般,其中,班德湖的水质评价等级为良好.主成分分析结果显示,长江源区河流、淡水湖...