上海市工业固体废物处理处置现状分析

详细分析了上海市一般工业固体废物及工业危险废物的产生及处理处置现状,提出:一般工业固废主要以资源化利用为主,危废处置企业实行末位淘汰,实现清洁生产;加强国家提倡的"三位一体"综合处理项目建设,实现集中处理、集中监管,降低运营成本;加强工业危废产生企业申报登记及转移的网络信息化管理,杜绝监管盲区。     

Development of a new cleaner production process for producing chromic oxide from chromite ore

Chromic oxide (Cr₂O₃) is an important chemical with numerous industrial applications. The traditional process used for manufacturing chromic oxide from chromite ore has low resources and energy efficiency. Moreover, large quantities of chromium-containing toxic solid wastes are discharged, posing serious pollution concerns. To reduce the environmental impact of this procedure, a new cleaner process was developed by the Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences in Beijing, PR China, based upon the 3Rs (Reduce, Recycle, Reuse) principles of cleaner production and industrial ecology; this new cleaner process utilizes resources more efficiently, and does not discharge emissions of chromium-containing waste residue. A demonstration plant featuring this process, as well as an Eco-Industrial Park (EIP) has been built in He'nan Province, PR China. The new cleaner process is a promising advancement for the industrial production of chromic oxide (Cr₂O₃) as well as other chromium compounds such as potassium chromate (K₂CrO₄) and potassium dichromate (K₂Cr₂O₇).     

环境影响评价中的清洁生产分析

通过对清洁生产概念的分析,阐述了清洁生产与环境影响评价的关系,并通过实例论证了在环境影响评价中进行清洁生产分析的优越性.     

三氯氢硅建设项目清洁生产与循环经济分析

根据对国内三氯氢硅生产企业的综合调查,以某三氯氢硅生产先进企业为例,从生产工艺与装备、资源与能源利用、产品指标、污染物产生及废物回收利用5个方面进行定性或定量分析,评价三氯氢硅项目建设的清洁生产水平,并从企业、项目2个层面,分析了三氯氢硅建设项目的循环经济产业链关系,为同类企业有针对性地开展清洁生产与循环经济评价提供参考。     

Ecoprofit-Styria-prepare Thirteen pollution prevention case studies in the Styrian industry

The paper focuses upon the organization of a federal state-funded pollution prevention project in the Styrian industry. The project includes 13 companies from the textile, pulp and paper, machine building, wood working and printed circuit board manufacturing industries, covering most of the sectors and sizes in the Styrian industry. It started in January 1994 and will last for one year. It will demonstrate the possibilities of pollution prevention and the need for further research work. This project will make use of the methods and tools that were refined in the Austrian Prepare project. As a first step, a systematic balance of all the inputs and outputs of a company is made, after which the weak points and inefficiencies of material and energy use are identified and the options for improvements, both economical and ecological, are defined. Consequently, modifications in products and production lead to a situation with less waste and emissions. The preliminary lessons from these projects are presented: as a rule, the utilities (consumption of process materials and water, cleaning, energy, preparatory and finishing steps) are treated as black boxes and usually represent a considerable optimization potential. In these areas especially there is usually a lack of information and coordination as well as a need for a systematic and comprehensive approach. Leadership in the company and creative consultants are needed for starting lasting successful pollution prevention projects.     

印制电路板清洁生产最佳可行技术以及污染减排研究

印制电路板行业属于高能耗及高污染行业,是我国实施清洁生产污染防治的重要领域。通过对印制电路板行业清洁生产污染防治技术现状进行分析,构建了清洁生产污染防治最佳可行技术(BAT)体系框架。对38家完成清洁生产污染防治技术改造的印制电路板企业进行调研,确定了印制电路板业清洁生产污染防治备选技术,利用层次分析法确定各评价指标权重,综合评价印制电路板行业清洁生产污染防治技术。通过评价提出印制电路板行业污染物减排建议。     

New findings on the generation of waste and emissions, and a modified cleaner production assessment approach-illustrated by leather production

New findings on the causes of waste and emissions, which were obtained from analysing numerous material streams in various sectors of industry, are presented in this article. It describes the implications of these findings for the vision of clean production, for formulating environmental policy concerning cleaner production targets, for the opportunities to assess to what extent the cleaner production targets have been met, and for the cleaner production assessment. A modified cleaner production assessment approach is presented, and illustrated using leather production as an example. The consequent implications for the diffusion of cleaner production are discussed.     

Eco-efficiency and industrial symbiosis – a counterfactual analysis of a mining community

Complex utilization, a production model analogous to those described by industrial symbiosis, was planned at the Russian Kola Science Center in mid-1980. The model integrates the waste streams of mining industries in the Kola Peninsula in such a way that waste from one industrial operator becomes raw material for another. Using a counterfactual method, this article determines the eco-efficiency of the model between the years 1985 and 2005. A parallel study of the eco-efficiency of the actual system, i.e. in the absence of complex utilization, is then performed for the same time period. The study shows that complex utilization would indeed have yielded increased eco-efficiency, even though not all environmentally harmful emissions would have decreased. As a result of market collapse and the use of upstream pollution prevention together with traditional end-of-pipe technologies, however, the actual system shows net emission reductions similar to those modeled in complex utilization. It is suggested that in systems like the mining industry of the Kola Peninsula, with high production volumes and poorly developed environmental technologies, upstream pollution prevention together with traditional end-of-pipe technologies may prove more attractive than industrial symbiosis, despite the substantial increases in eco-efficiency of the latter.     

Quantifying and comparing a P2 program's benefits: pollution prevention technical assistance in Nebraska

Past clients who were provided pollution prevention technical assistance were reassessed to quantify program impact in terms of implementation, money saved and waste reduced. Although the most complex and in-depth projects resulted in the largest savings and waste reduction on a per client basis, small business clients realized similar monetary and solid waste savings as larger industrial clients when normalized by the technical assistance time applied. Clients who were referred by project partners had similar implementation and higher savings than those who were ‘cold called’. This program's monetary savings and implementation rates were compared to other pollution prevention assistance provider's results. This comparison identified some difficulties in conducting multi-program comparisons.     

企业清洁生产与末端治理的比较——以江苏大型竣工验收企业为例

从基本概念和具体应用对末端治理和清洁生产进行了比较分析,指出末端治理存在不少弊端,难以适应可持续发展的需要,清洁生产具有良好的环境经济效益,建议我国的工业污染防治应大力拓展清洁生产的深度和广度,环保部门应该加强指导和研究。促进清洁生产发展,改进末端治理,是从提高市场竞争力和环境保护成效两个方面促进社会经济又好又快协调发展的必然措施。     

广州市报废机动车回收企业二次污染现状及污染防治对策

界定机动车维修、报废过程中产生的固体废物、废水、土壤污染为机动车二次污染,并通过实地调查、监测分析广州市12家定点报废汽车回收公司,开展机动车二次污染现状研究。研究表明,报废机动车回收过程中对资源化金属的回收利用成效较好,但对用途不大的部件随意渠道转移,对危险废物和严控废物未能较好处理;大多没有完善废水处理设施,废水直接排放;土壤多项特征污染物超标严重。针对广州市机动车二次污染现状,提出了加强法规建设、环境监控、行业管理、清洁生产等防治措施。     

粘胶纤维行业实施清洁生产的措施思考

在粘胶纤维行业中推行的清洁生产工艺,以及我国粘胶纤维工业可以采取的清洁生产措施,同时提出了实现清洁生产的主要途径,阐明了清洁生产是以节能、降耗、战污为目标,以管理技术为手段,实施工业生产过程控制污染,使污染物产生、排放量最小的一种综合性措施.     

粘胶纤维行业实施清洁生产的措施思考

在粘胶纤维行业中推行的清洁生产工艺，以及我国粘胶纤维工业可以采取的清洁生产措施，同时提出了实现清洁生产的主要途径，阐明了清洁生产是以节能、降耗、减污为目标，以管理技术为手段，实施工业生产过程控制污染，使污染物产生、排放量最小的一种综合性措施。     

黄姜皂素清洁生产工艺污染物削减过程分析

采用黄姜皂素清洁生产新工艺可将吨皂素洗姜耗水量由传统工艺的800～900t降至90～100t,洗姜废水随之降低;采用多酶水解分离淀粉糖及水解原液回收盐酸与淀粉糖技术可将酸性废水发生量由传统工艺的400t酸性废水/t皂素、50～100kgCOD/t废水削减至110～120t废水/t皂素、20～30kgCOD/t废水,且废水的可生化性提高;分析整个工艺过程中酸性废水削减主要发生在多酶水解预分离淀粉过程;新工艺对抽余物进行资源化利用制备有型燃料,消除了抽余物任意堆放造成的污染,同时实现了资源的综合利用。     

探析清洁生产模式在化工企业的应用与效益

介绍了河南神马尼龙化工公司的生产工艺及存在的主要环境问题,指出进行清洁生产的必要性和可行性,并从生产工艺改进、水再生及回用、设备改造、废物回收利用及清洁生产管理等多个方面介绍了河南神马尼龙化工公司实施清洁生产的具体措施,分析了该企业实施清洁生产后产生的效果,实施后达到了充分优化工艺、回收资源、降低系统能耗、减少污染排放、保护环境并取得了良好经济效益和社会效益的三赢目的,对相关企业起到相应的参考作用,从而可以加快清洁生产在化工企业的应用.     

环境影响评价中清洁生产分析要点及方法

通过实施清洁生产,不仅可以减少甚至消除污染物的排放,而且能够节约大量能源和原材料、降低废物处理和处置费用,从而在经济上有助于提高生产效率和产品质量,降低生产成本,使产品在市场上具有竞争力。清洁生产的污染预防思想是一种“源头控制”的环境战略,将清洁生产的内容纳入环境影响评价中,将提高环境影响评价的作用,有利于项目采用资源利用率高和产生少量污染物的技术、工艺和设备。因此,清洁生产理论可促进环境影响评价进一步拓展和深化,避免环境影响评价失去真实性、有效性。同时,清洁生产分析可以强化人们的环保措施,提高人们的环保意识。     

金属镁及镁合金生产清洁生产方案分析

通过对我国金属镁及镁合金生产中污染严重和能耗高的问题提出针对性的清洁生产方案,结合国内和国际先进的清洁生产技术,提出改进措施。     

重庆市大宗一般工业固体废物污染控制分析及对策研究

通过对重庆市2008年-2012年连续5年大宗一般工业固体废物的产生、利用和处置现状进行统计分析,指出了重庆市大宗一般工业固体废物污染控制中存在的问题.针对重庆市大宗一般工业固体废物产生特征、综合利用现状以及环境管理需求,从推动企业清洁生产审核、开展工业共生项目、综合整治现存污染源、强化环境管理等方面,提出大宗一般工业固体废物污染控制对策和建议,为重庆市工业固体废物的全过程环境管理提供参考.     

应用工业生态学解决污染与发展问题

面对日益尖锐的污染与发展之间的矛盾，在清洁生产基础上兴起的工业生态学是一门新的边缘学科，其概念和原理来源于生物生态学。讲述了工业生态学的概念、核心要旨和研究方法。对其在工业体系中的应用进行了初步的探讨，并提出了一些新的思路。     

造纸行业实施清洁生产是企业持续发展的有效途径

通过对以废纸壳、废纸为再生资源的某造纸企业进行清洁生产的过程中 ,无 /低费方案实施 ,中 /高费方案的可行性分析 ,实现节能、降耗、减污、增效的实例 ,证明此类企业实施清洁生产可以降低污染物的排放量 ,并达到废水的零排放。