日本废弃小型电子产品循环要利用状况

日本政府自2013年4月1日开始实施《废弃小型电子产品循环再利用促进法》.基于此法的第三条第一款,日本环境省和经济产业省于2013年3月6日正式出台了基本方针,制定了再资源化目标,即至2015年止,每年回收14万t(相当于每人1 kg)废旧手机等小型电子产品,回收率达到20％左右,并介绍了其主要内容及目前的实施状况.     

高校大学生教材循环利用态度的调查分析

高校教材数量多,使用寿命短,每年毕业季大量教材被废弃或当做废纸卖掉,缺乏良好的处理途径,造成严重的资源浪费.在提倡节约型社会和可持续发展的大背景下,以网络问卷的方式调查了在校大学生目前的教材利用情况以及对教材循环利用的态度,并查阅相关文献资料,综合分析实施教材循环的基础和现状,并提出相应的可行性措施和建议.调查结果表明...     

英国废弃烹调油再生利用现状分析

以英国废弃烹调油的回收、处理和再生利用的产品为主线,结合与其相关的政策、法规及有效激励方法在废弃烹调油再生利用管理过程中的作用,详细介绍了英国废弃烹调油再生利用的管理现状,以期对我国废弃烹调油及其他废弃物的循环经济实践提供具体的参考案例。     

加强废旧家电回收利用工作刻不容缓

随着大量电器进入报废期 , 废旧电器的回收利用成为一个新的环境问题 , 介绍了国内外废旧家电的回收利用现状 , 并针对我国的实际问题提出了相应的措施和办法 .     

建筑垃圾循环利用实践

建筑垃圾的循环利用是今后建筑垃圾处理的必经之路。在对国内外建筑垃圾循环利用的相关政策、法律法规及回收现状进行比较分析的基础上,对目前建筑垃圾循环利用的案例进行调查整理,总结出建筑垃圾循环利用的一般过程;并在对目前建筑垃圾循环利用的方法进行研究后,介绍了一种先进实用的建筑垃圾循环利用方法;最后对我国建筑垃圾循环利用存在的问题进行剖析并提出解决问题的建议,以期对我国建筑垃圾循环利用的发展有所裨益。     

漆渣的循环再利用

漆渣是喷漆过程产生的废弃物,2013年中国仅汽车行业就产生漆渣约6.64万t。由于漆渣的巨大产生量和有害属性,对处理和处置造成很大挑战。循环和再利用是废弃物处置方法中对环境最友好的解决方式。从水泥窑协同处置、热干燥处理及产物利用、热解处理及产物利用三方面,回顾了近20年来在漆渣循环再用方面的研究进展和实际应用。     

日本废物循环利用技术简介

在一系列法律法规政策的支持下,日本废物循环技术处于世界领先水平。介绍了几种日本废物利用的技术研究,为促进我国废物循环利用技术水平的提高提供参考。     

新加坡包装物减量化及循环利用制度对我国的启示

我国逐步构建包装物减量化及循环利用制度体系,但是包装物报告制度覆盖面较窄,数据收集不充分,商品包装相关标准体系不健全,激励机制不完善。新加坡自2007年起推行新加坡包装协议、包装合作伙伴计划等自愿性协议,依据《资源可持续性法案2019》,建立了包装物报告制度框架,建立包装物重量基准数据库,实施生态标识、专项资金等激励措施推动包装物减量化与循环利用。借鉴相关经验,从健全我国包装物报告制度、加强包装物数据分析及标准制定、完善激励机制等方面提出建议。     

基于工业化生产的城市废弃渣土资源化利用对策研究 ——以浙江绍兴为例

如何进行城市废弃渣土再生利用是城市发展面临的一个重要课题.首先从政策层面分析了城市废弃渣土资源化利用的迫切性.接着,从城市弃土产出和消纳不平衡、时空错位不平衡两方面论述了目前城市弃土的产销现状.从环境保护、施工质量管控、天气影响等三方面深入分析了传统路拌法的缺点和工业化生产的优点.结合实际工程,以路基填料为例,对比分析...     

Solid waste collection and recycling in Nibong Tebal, Penang, Malaysia: a case study.

The implementation of a suitable solid waste management programme with appropriate methods of recycling as an inherent element is vital to the alleviation of the problems associated with solid waste generation, handling and disposal, environmental conservation, public hygiene, etc. The present work is a case study on solid waste collection and recycling practices in Nibong Tebal town, Penang, Malaysia. The amount and types of domestic waste generated, household participation in recycling, identification of existing problems related to the implementation of the recycling programme, etc. formed the basis of this study. Surveys (interviews/questionnaires) and on-site observations were conducted to gather information on the solid waste collection and recycling practice of the residents. A focus group of 60 individuals was selected and their response to a questionnaire, prepared according to a Likert scale, was obtained and analysed. The majority of the respondents expressed concerns about recycling and wanted more to be done in this regard. Illegal collection, aesthetically displeasing sites and a lack of public awareness were problems of major concern. Issues related to inadequate funding and manpower as well as end market are also addressed and suggestions made.     

A qualitative descriptive case study on home medical waste management in Brazil

Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management - This work presents a survey on the management of the home medical care waste (HMCW) from the municipality of Caruaru, an important medical and...     

Solid waste recycling within higher education in developing countries: a case study of the University of Lagos

To create a truly circular economy requires a shift from the traditional view of waste disposal to one of resource management. This is particularly important in developing countries, where municipal waste generation is increasing, and efficient recovery of economic value from waste is rarely achieved. Conducted in the University of Lagos (UoL), Nigeria, this study investigated the efficiency of a recycling scheme with the goal of making recommendations to improve the process. UoL’s recycling policy centers around source segregation of waste into color-coded bins. Waste audit was carried out using the output method and interviews were conducted with staff from the waste management team to understand practices on campus. Substantial contamination of colored bins with non-target material was observed. Organics (30%), mixed plastics (28%) and paper (24%) were the most abundant materials, hence have the greatest potential for recovery, and income generation, if segregation rates could be improved. Despite its recycling policy and infrastructure, 99% of UoL waste was going to landfill. Poor policy implementation results in low recovery rates. Targeted waste reduction and increased material recovery would enhance efficiency. Improved awareness of recycling benefits, in addition to policy enforcement, could serve as tools to increase stakeholder participation in recycling.

     

Formulating a VET roadmap for the waste and recycling sector: A case study from Queensland, Australia

Vocational Education and Training (VET) is an essential tool for providing waste management and recycling workers with the necessary skills and knowledge needed to beneficially influence their own employment and career development; and to also ensure productivity and safe working conditions within the organisations in which they are employed. Current training opportunities within Queensland for the sector are limited and not widely communicated or marketed; with other States, particularly Victoria and New South Wales, realising higher numbers of VET enrollments for waste management courses. This paper presents current VET opportunities and trends for the Queensland waste management sector. Results from a facilitated workshop to identify workforce requirements and future training needs organised by the Waste Contractors and Recyclers Association of Queensland (WCRAQ) are also presented and discussion follows on the future training needs of the industry within Queensland.     

Application of extended theory of planned behavior to explore household pharmaceutical waste recycling intentions: a case study of China

Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management - Household pharmaceutical waste (HPW) contains several antibiotics and hormones, contaminating the environment, wildlife and human beings. Existing...     

Hospital waste management and toxicity evaluation: a case study

Hospital waste management is an imperative environmental and public safety issue, due to the waste's infectious and hazardous character. This paper examines the existing waste strategy of a typical hospital in Greece with a bed capacity of 400-600. The segregation, collection, packaging, storage, transportation and disposal of waste were monitored and the observed problematic areas documented. The concentrations of BOD, COD and heavy metals were measured in the wastewater the hospital generated. The wastewater's toxicity was also investigated. During the study, omissions and negligence were observed at every stage of the waste management system, particularly with regard to the treatment of infectious waste. Inappropriate collection and transportation procedures for infectious waste, which jeopardized the safety of staff and patients, were recorded. However, inappropriate segregation practices were the dominant problem, which led to increased quantities of generated infectious waste and hence higher costs for their disposal. Infectious waste production was estimated using two different methods: one by weighing the incinerated waste (880 kg day(-1)) and the other by estimating the number of waste bags produced each day (650 kg day(-1)). Furthermore, measurements of the EC(50) parameter in wastewater samples revealed an increased toxicity in all samples. In addition, hazardous organic compounds were detected in wastewater samples using a gas chromatograph/mass spectrograph. Proposals recommending the application of a comprehensive hospital waste management system are presented that will ensure that any potential risks hospital wastes pose to public health and to the environment are minimized.     

Effect of informal recycling on waste collection and transportation: the case of Chiclayo city in Peru

This paper analyses the evolution of national solid waste policy in Peru and the increasing relevance of informal recycling. Despite this rise in relevance, source separation and incorporation of informal recyclers within municipal plans is still slow, and collection of mixed waste is being considered. Waste collection and transportation costs represent the main share in municipal budgets and this research calculates cost reductions as a result of informal recycling and waste picking. The city of Chiclayo in Peru is presented as a case study. The paper finds that so far, waste picking has resulted in a reduction of two collection rounds but not a reduction in the number of vehicles collecting waste. Looking to the future, recovery of the remaining materials will not have an effect on collection rounds and number of vehicles. The research concludes that synergy between municipal systems and informal recycling can be maximized if new operational conditions are implemented. It introduces the concepts of “critical work shift,” which is the time of the day when the system requires maximum quantity of resources (i.e. vehicle-hours), and “sensitivity to variations in waste amounts,” and proposes strategies to promote recycling based on these new operational concepts.     

Domestic waste recycling,collective action and economic incentive: The case in Hong Kong

Efficacy of waste recycling is one of the key determinants of environmental sustainability of a city. Like other pro-environmental activities, waste recycling cannot be successfully accomplished by just one or two people, but only by a concerted effort of the community. The collective-action dilemma creates a common underlying difficulty in formulating workable solutions to many environmental problems. With a view to the non-excludability of the outcome, rationality drives people to free-ride efforts of others in waste recycling. To solve this free-rider problem, some scholars suggest the use of economic incentive. This article attempts to study the impacts of reward schemes on waste recycling behaviour of residents in 122 private housing estates in Hong Kong. The study is differentiable from the others as the latter mainly focus on domestic waste recycling in low-rise low-density housing while this one looks into the same in a high-rise high-density residential setting. According to the results of analyses on a set of aggregate data, reward schemes are found to have a significant positive relationship with the per-household weight of recyclables collected, keeping other things constant. The research findings suggest that economic incentives do work in promoting waste recycling in Hong Kong. Practical and policy implications follow.     

Source separation of household waste: a case study in China

A pilot program concerning source separation of household waste was launched in Hangzhou, capital city of Zhejiang province, China. Detailed investigations on the composition and properties of household waste in the experimental communities revealed that high water content and high percentage of food waste are the main limiting factors in the recovery of recyclables, especially paper from household waste, and the main contributors to the high cost and low efficiency of waste disposal. On the basis of the investigation, a novel source separation method, according to which household waste was classified as food waste, dry waste and harmful waste, was proposed and performed in four selected communities. In addition, a corresponding household waste management system that involves all stakeholders, a recovery system and a mechanical dehydration system for food waste were constituted to promote source separation activity. Performances and the questionnaire survey results showed that the active support and investment of a real estate company and a community residential committee play important roles in enhancing public participation and awareness of the importance of waste source separation. In comparison with the conventional mixed collection and transportation system of household waste, the established source separation and management system is cost-effective. It could be extended to the entire city and used by other cities in China as a source of reference.     

Health-care waste management in Lao PDR: a case study.

This study investigated the health-care waste (HCW) management at each health-care facility level at two selected sites in the Lao People's Democratic Republic (Lao PDR): Vientiane Municipality; and Bolikhamxay province. It focused on the amount of HCW, its segregation and the factors influencing HCW management, particularly segregation procedures. A high proportion of incorrectly segregated medical waste was found at each level of health-care facility. Re-segregation revealed 39, 62, 57 and 37% at national hospital, provincial hospital, district hospital and health centre level, respectively, was poorly segregated. The mean of generated HCW was 0.62 kg/bed per day (Vientiane Municipality) and 0.38 kg/bed per day (Bolikhamxay) at two study sites. A higher proportion of medical waste (MW) from the inpatient department at the primary health-care level was found. Thus, HCW management at primary health-care facilities needs more attention and should be better understood.