活动式密闭罩在钢包翻罐装置尘源治理中的应用

针对某钢厂钢包翻罐装置的工艺特点，结合该装置除尘系统改造工程，设计了一种大型活动式密闭罩，解决了钢包翻罐装置的尘源捕集问题，在实际应用中获得了良好效果。     

二次旋流强化型气旋浮技术的分离特性

现有气旋浮装置在运行过程中普遍存在旋流强度衰减程度过大等问题,限制了其分离性能的提升,基于此,分析了二次旋流强化作用对气旋浮罐内旋流强度和分离性能的影响特性;借助CFD数值模拟方法和响应曲面法等手段对基于二次旋流强化气旋浮罐主要结构的参数进行了优化,对比分析了常规气旋浮罐和二次旋流强化气旋浮罐的内部流场和油水分离特性。结果表明,采用二次旋流强化结构可以有效提高旋流强度,加速"油滴-微气泡黏附体"向旋流中心汇聚,优化后的气旋浮罐油水分离效率提高至94.5%,较常规单级气旋浮罐提高了10%;二次旋流强化结构是提升气旋浮分离过程中旋流强度和提高气旋浮装置分离性能的有效途径。以上结果可进一步推动气旋浮装置性能的优化和结构创新,可丰富完善该技术设计的理论体系。     

环保信息

世界第一座工业废水生物处理的单罐系统 世界第一座工业废水生物处理单罐系统在1992年夏天法国巴黎国际技术交流大会上展现。研制该系统的负责人克林顿指出该罐系统是唯一能用生物方法处理废水中绝大多数有害有机废物的装置。废水是经过去除重金属后泵入“生物反应器”塔罐中,罐中的微生物将全部吃掉以碳为主的有害有机物质。然后,经处理的水可排入城市污水管道进一步处理。克林顿说该系统是专门为处理低浓度有害有机废水而设计的。 刘健摘译自《ES＆T》 Vol.26,No.10,1992     

气泡尺寸对清洗固体表面油脂及颗粒污染物的影响

为明确气泡清洗技术在罐底油泥清洗中的应用情况,考察了气泡尺寸差异对固体表面清洗效果的影响.搭建了玻璃表面油污气泡清洗可视化实验装置,并设计了气泡发生器.该发生器可通过调节气液比产生多种尺寸分布的气泡.实验中产生的气泡直径分布于80～1 200μm.研究了气泡尺寸、清洗时间、距离和角度等参数对清洗效果的影响,结果表明,在...     

浮盘和气窗位置对内浮顶罐正己烷蒸发损耗的影响

在环境保护日趋严格和受到重视的大环境下,内浮顶罐的蒸发损耗机理和减排降耗规律尚有进一步研究的空间。使用自制的1 000 m3内浮顶罐缩比模型,研究了不同气窗和浮盘位置对罐内气体空间气流分布、罐内风速、储液蒸气浓度以及损耗速率的影响。结果表明:罐壁通气孔储罐和罐顶边缘通气孔储罐的气孔流向均呈现两进两出的特点;壁面通气孔储罐内风速大于顶盖边缘通气孔储罐,而浓度小于后者;浮盘位置越高,蒸发损耗速率越大,顶孔罐相比于壁孔罐的减排效果就越明显,其原因是贯穿整个壁孔罐内气体空间的大旋涡对边圈密封处的影响造成的。通过分析,建议将罐壁通气孔改造成罐顶边缘通气孔,建议在API内浮顶罐损耗公式的修订中考虑气窗和浮盘位置的影响。     

预制床技术在油泥(砂)处理中的应用

采用预制床生物修复技术首次对江苏油田3个井站的罐底油泥(砂)和三相分离器废油泥(砂)进行工艺研究,建立了运行稳定的处理与利用现场示范工程,取得了满意的试验效果,现场油泥(砂)的总油含量＞100 g/kg(土),装置运行2个月,总油去除率96.4%～98.4%,其中烷烃去除率74.7%～98.5%,沥青质去除率75.0%～89.4%,芳香烃去除率85.5%～99.6%.     

罐底含油泥热解动力学参数计算方法的优选

在化学反应设计中反应动力学是较重要的因素。为得到更合理的污泥热解动力学参数计算方法,利用热重分析仪,在氮气气氛下对罐底含油污泥的热解特性进行研究。根据热重实验数据,分别采用Coats-Redfern法、Kissinger法、FWO法和Popescu法计算污泥热解动力学参数,并获取罐底泥热解制油的主要阶段(第2阶段)的反应活化能E、频率因子A并分析各种方法反应机理。通过对比不同计算方法得到动力学参数及拟合曲线与实验曲线的相关性,确定了最佳罐底含油污泥热解动力学参数计算方法。研究表明,Popescu法得到罐底泥的热解过程符合Jander方程,活化能E为101.43 kJ/mol,与FWO法得到的91.20 kJ/mol相近,且预测曲线与实验曲线有较好的相关性(0.9816),说明Popescu法计算罐底泥热解动力学参数更合适。     

“球磨+浮选”联合工艺处理罐底油泥的效果

针对罐底油泥水洗过程中存在的油相与固相分离难度大、回收的油分中含固率与含水率较高2个关键问题,研究了以"球磨+浮选"为核心的联合工艺的处理效果。对球磨和浮选工艺参数进行优化后,确定球磨段的最优处理条件为球磨温度45℃,液固比3∶1,球磨处理时间30 min,球磨药剂用量0.8%;浮选段的最优处理条件为浮选温度55℃、液固比4∶1、浮选时间35 min、浮选药剂用量0.6%。结果表明:在最优条件下,处理后罐底油泥的固体出料含油率可降低到0.8%,达到了SY/T 7301-2016中规定的处理处置要求;处理过程中得到的原油经过油品纯化后,含水率与含固率均低于0.5%,可在炼厂进行回收利用。以"球磨+浮选"为核心的联合工艺较好地解决了罐底油泥在水洗过程中暴露出来的2个问题,为罐底油泥的无害化、资源化处理提供了参考。     

罐底含油污泥萃取溶剂的选择与优化

针对某炼化企业在石油储运过程中产生的罐底油泥,进行了油泥样分析和不同萃取剂萃取回收油分实验.经分析该罐底油泥含水率约16.1％,总有机物含量约34.8％,其中可萃取石油类物质约占总有机物成分的67.0％.考察不同溶剂的萃取效果,结果表明,石脑油90 ～ 110℃沸程段的馏分油的萃取效果和工艺可操作性优越于其他常用溶剂,其萃取效果排序为石脑油90～ 110℃沸程段的馏分油＞120#溶剂油＞正庚烷＞石油醚(90 ～ 120℃)＞石油醚(60 ～ 90℃);用石脑油90 ～ 110℃沸程段的馏分油在优化萃取工艺条件下,经两次萃取可分离出大于96％的可萃取油分,罐底油泥中有机物的萃出率可达64％以上,比120#溶剂油萃取效果高出约3％～5％,实现了罐底油泥更深程度的萃取和资源化利用.     

含油污泥燃料化处理剂研制及其作用机理研究

含油污泥主要有清罐油泥(罐底泥)、隔油池底泥、污水处理厂浮渣以及剩余活性污泥等几类.含油污泥含有油、苯系物、酚类、蒽、芘等具有恶臭味和毒性的物质,是国家明文规定的危险废弃物.另一方面,含油污泥中富含大量烃类,潜在能量大,热值高,平均热值达5 000kcal/kg以上.经大量室内实验,开发了一种新型含油污泥燃料化处理剂,...     

转炉炼钢大气污染环境评价问题探讨

为了探讨转炉炼钢大气污染环境评价的关键问题,以某大型钢铁集团炼钢厂扩建项目为基础,分析了该类建设项目工艺流程和产污环节;确定了转炉炼钢的重点污染因子是粉尘、烟尘和SO2等.通过对转炉炼钢烟尘治理措施的有效性分析,得出了该扩建项目大气污染物粉尘、烟尘和SO2等能达标排放并满足总量控制指标,符合清洁生产要求.     

Ceramic tiles with black pigment made from stainless steel plant dust: Physical properties and long-term leaching behavior of heavy metals

Stainless steel plant dust is a hazardous by-product of the stainless steelmaking industry. It contains large amounts of Fe, Cr, and Ni, and can be potentially recycled as a raw material of inorganic black pigment in the ceramic industry to reduce environmental contamination and produce value-added products. In this paper, ceramic tiles prepared with black pigment through recycling of stainless steel plant dust were characterized in terms of physical properties, such as bulk density, water absorption, apparent porosity, and volume shrinkage ratio, as well as the long-term leaching behavior of heavy metals (Cr, Ni, Pb, Cd, and Zn). The results show that good physical properties of ceramic tiles can be obtained with 8% pigments addition, sample preparation pressure of 25 MPa, and sintering at 1200 ºC for 30 min. The major controlling leaching mechanism for Cr and Pb from the ceramic tiles is initial surface wash-off, while the leaching behavior of Cd, Ni, and Zn from the stabilized product is mainly controlled by matrix diffusion. The reutilization process is safe and effective to immobilize the heavy metals in the stainless steel plant dust.

Implications: Stainless steel plant dust is considered as a hazardous material, and it can be potentially recycled for black pigment preparation in the ceramic industry. This paper provides the characteristics of the ceramic tiles with black pigment through recycling stainless steel plant dust, and the long-term leaching behavior and controlling leaching mechanisms of heavy metals from the ceramic tile. The effectiveness of the treatment process is also evaluated.     

钢铁厂露天堆料场挡风抑尘墙效果的数值模拟

对某钢铁厂露天堆料场设置挡风抑尘墙进行数值模拟研究,通过对动力阴影区覆盖面积的考察,分析了自然风速、墙高、墙开孔率及墙后建构筑物对挡风抑尘墙的挡风抑尘效果的影响.该钢铁厂露天堆料场设置防风抑尘墙的最佳几何尺寸是:墙长(L)为500 m,墙厚(d)为5 mm,墙高(H)为15～20 m,墙开孔率(k)为0.2～0.3,在主导风风速达到10 m/s以上的大风天气能够形成有效覆盖整个料场的动力阴影区,再配以合适的喷雾洒水或喷洒化学抑尘剂等其他抑尘手段就能够非常有效地抑制料场扬尘.     

Determination of zinc speciation in basic oxygen furnace flying dust by chemical extractions and X-ray spectroscopy

There is a growing concern regarding the environmental and public health risks associated with airborne particulate matter (PM). The basic oxygen furnace is one of the most important atmospheric dust sources of the steel manufacturing process. It emits dust enriched in heavy metal such as Zn, which is assumed to contribute to the toxic potential of atmospheric PM. Dust collected before and after the filtration system was analyzed to determine Zn speciation. To this end, a variety of analytical tools were used and a sequential extraction protocol has been specifically developed for iron and steel dust. The Zn speciation results obtained by EXAFS and sequential extraction were in excellent agreement. Before filtration, the speciation of Zn in BOF was 43% ZnFe₂O₄, 23% ZnCO₃ and 16% ZnO. The same species were detected after filtration with different proportions. BOF dust after filtration contains more soluble Zn phases which may play a role in the toxic effects of the emissions.     

废镀锌板炼钢粉尘的浸出过程

为了解决废镀锌板冶炼粉尘造成的资源浪费和环境污染的问题,首先研究了用硫酸浸出该类粉尘中有价金属的过程。在不同温度条件下,控制浸出时间、液固比和硫酸浓度等因素,将粉尘中以不同形式存在的锌浸出。常温条件下,苏钢粉尘中赋存于氧化锌中的锌被全部浸出;高温强酸条件下,常温浸出过程中未被浸出的,赋存于铁酸锌中的锌几乎被全部浸出,浸出率达到98%。     

Evaluation of Dust Generated from Basic Oxygen Furnace Steel Making

Abstract

A detailed characterization has been made of the dust generated during steel making in basic oxygen furnaces (BOF). Chemical composition and particle size distribution have been analyzed. X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and electron probe micro-analysis techniques have been used to identify the morphology and the nature of the major iron-bearing phases as well as the gangue constituents. The dust characteristics have been found to be widely different, depending on the type of process used in BOF steel making, namely, suppressed combustion or total combustion. The type of dust abatement system (dry or wet) additionally influences the nature of the gangue constituents. The possibility of utilizing the iron-bearing major phases has been examined.     

Combined glassification of EAF dust and incinerator fly ash

Stainless steelmaking dust contains large amount of heavy metals, such as Cr and Ni. If these hazardous materials are not treated properly, they will cause detrimental secondary contamination. Preliminary study on recycling stainless steelmaking dust employed the thermal molten technology. Glass-ceramics were formed by combination stainless steel dust and incinerator fly ash with the ratio of 1:9. The major phases were Augite, Akermanite, and Donathite. It was found that the glass-ceramics shows the best characteristic at 900 degrees C after 5 h of heat treatment. This product can be used as building materials or refractory materials.     

Emission characteristics of PM,heavy metals,and dioxins in flue gases from sintering machines with wet and semi-dry flue gas desulfurization systems

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - In iron and steel industry, sintering process releases large amount and different kinds of pollutants. Most sintering plants had applied the dust...     

Numerical modeling of flow structures over various flat-topped stockpiles height: Implications on dust emissions

Fugitive dust emissions from open stock yards for bulk materials, such as coal or ores, can represent a significant part of overall estimated atmospheric emission on industrial site, as example on steel plant sites. Stockpile topography is known to modify the near field uptake force of the wind through changes of the mean flow. Various studies have shown that aeolian erosion strongly occurs on the stockpile crest, so it appears relevant to carry out a study to analyze the effect on the dust emissions of the stockpile clipping. Three-dimensional numerical simulations were done with the aim of simulating wind flow over different flat-topped pile scenarios, corresponding to a constant material volume. Various wind flow directions were tested to determine its impact on particle emissions. Data obtained from Computational Fluid Dynamics simulations were then integrated in order to estimate the effect of the clipping on the stockpiles dust emission rates by using the EPA's emission factors method. Results provide evidence to suggest that clipping stockpiles does not reduce dust emissions. This study provides to industrial operators some informations on the best geometrical pile characteristics in order to limit particles emissions.     

Identification of particles containing chromium and lead in road dust and soakaway sediment by electron probe microanalyser

Individual particles containing Cr and/or Pb and other major components were identified in road dust from a heavily used road (hereinafter 'heavy traffic road dust'), road dust from a residential area and soakaway sediment by electron probe microanalyser to locate their sources and carrier particles. Individual particles containing high levels of Cr and/or Pb (>or=0.2%) were identified using wavelength dispersive spectrometry (WDS) map analysis. Chromium, Pb and other major elements were then determined by means of a combination of WDS and energy-dispersive spectrometry in all identified particles, 50 particles containing neither Cr nor Pb from each type of road dust and soakaway sediment, and yellow road line markings. WDS map analysis revealed that many particles containing both Cr and Pb were present among the identified particles in heavy traffic road dust, whereas they were minor components in road dust from the residential area and soakaway sediment. The plots of X-ray intensities of Cr vs. Pb were linear for the identified particles containing both Cr and Pb in heavy traffic road dust, and the line closely fitted the plots for the three yellow road line marking samples. Individual particles were then classified using cluster analysis of element components. The results revealed that the adsorption of source materials or released metals onto soil minerals occurred in road dust and soakaway sediment, that the yellow road line markings were sources of Cr and Pb in heavy traffic road dust, and that materials containing Fe as a major component, such as stainless steel, were additional sources of Cr in both road dust and soakaway sediment.