以干吸着剂喷射法同时脱除SO2和NO的实验研究

炉膛吸着制度射（ＦＳＩ）与选择性非催化还原（ＳＮＣＲ）相结合同时脱除ＳＯ＿２和ＮＯ，在夹带流反应器中进行实验研究。在８００－１２００℃下喷射石灰石／尿素吸着剂或石灰石／铵盐吸着剂能同时脱除ＳＯ＿２和ＮＯ。石灰石／尿素吸着剂表现出最高的脱硫脱硝能力，当Ｃａ／Ｓ＝２和Ｎ／ＮＯ＝２时，其ＳＯ＿２和ＮＯ脱除率分别能达到９０％和８０％。主要的ＮＯ脱除是ＮＨ＿３与ＮＯ反应生成Ｎ＿２所致，少量的ＮＯ脱除率（１０％）是在ＣａＳＯ＿４的催化下，ＣａＯ与ＮＯ反应生成Ｃａ（ＮＯ＿２）＿２的结果。本文还考察了反应温度和时间对脱硫脱硝反应速度的影响。     

光催经氧化法处理染料中间体H酸水溶液

为了去除水中难氧化的有害染料中间体Ｈ酸，研究以ＴｉＯ２，ＺｎＯ，ＣｄＳ和Ｆｅ２Ｏ３为催化剂，采用低压汞灯为光源，对Ｈ酸水溶液进行光催化氧化实验。结果表明：ＴｉＯ２和ＣｄＳ的催化效果最好。采用ＴｉＯ２作催化剂，光催化氧化５ｈ后，Ｈ酸分解率可达９０％，反应速率遵大Ｌａｎｇｍｕｉｒ－Ｈｉｎｓｈｅｌｗｏｄｄ方程，Ｋ＝１２．３Ｌｍｍｏｌ，ｋ＝２５．２×１－０＾－６ｍｏｌ／ｈ。     

OH自由基引发光氧化氟氯碳化合物的研究

研究了ＣＦＣ－１１＋Ｈ２Ｏ２，ＣＦＣ－１１＋Ｈ２Ｏ２＋Ｏ２，ＣＦＣ－１２＋Ｈ２Ｏ２和ＣＦＣ－１２＋Ｈ２Ｏ２＋Ｏ２４个体系的光化学反应，这些体系在低压尔照射下，Ｈ２Ｏ２产生了ＯＨ自由基，ＯＨ自由基能引发ＣＦＣ的光氧化反应，其产物在２０ｍ长的漪避用富叶红外光谱仪测量，发现在ＣＦＣ－１１＋Ｈ２Ｏ２和ＣＦＣ－１１＋Ｈ２Ｏ２＋Ｏ２体系中有ＣＯＦＣｌ，ＣＯ２和ＨＣｌ，而在ＣＦＣ－１２＋Ｈ２Ｏ２和ＣＦＣ－１２＋     

过氧化氢存在下HCFC－22光解特性

模拟大气条件研究了ＨＣＦＣ－２２＋Ｈ２Ｏ２在有氧或无氧存在下用低压汞灯进行辐照，在２０ｍ的长光程池中用富里叶红外光仪测量其化学产物，结果表明在没有氧情况下产物为ＣＯＦ２、ＣＯ２、ＨＦ和ＨＣｌ；有氧存在时产物为ＣＯ２、Ｈ２Ｏ、ＨＦ和ＨＣｌ．从这些产物推出其可能的光解机理．     

光催化氧化法处理染料中间体H酸水溶液

为了去除水中难氧化的有害染料中间体Ｈ酸,研究以ＴＩＯ２、ＺｎＯ、ＣｄＳ和Ｆｅ２Ｏ３为催化剂,采用低压汞灯为光源,对Ｈ酸水溶液进行光催化氧化实验．结果表明：ＴｉＯ２和ＣｄＳ的催化效果最好．采用ＴｉＯ２作催化剂,光催化氧化５ｈ后,Ｈ酸分解率可达９０％,反应速率遵从Ｌａｎｇｍｕｉｒ－Ｈｉｎｓｈｅｌｗｏｏｄ方程,Ｋ＝１２．３Ｌ／ｍｍｏｌ,ｋ＝２５．２×１０－６ｍｏｌ／ｈ．溶液中投加１０ｍｇ／Ｌ的Ｆｅ３＋或Ａｇ＋,可使反应时间缩短２—３ｈ．研究探讨了ｐＨ、ＴｉＯ２投加量和Ｈ酸浓度对催化氧化过程的影响．     

过氧化氢存在下HCFC－22光解特性

模拟大气条件研究了ＨＣＦＣ－２２＋Ｈ２Ｏ２在有氧或无氧存在下用低压相进行辐照,在２０ｍ的长光程池中用富里叶红外光仪测量其化学产物,结果表明在没有氧情况下产物为ＣＯＦ２,ＣＯ２,ＨＦ和ＨＣｌ;有氧存在时产物为ＣＯ２,Ｈ２Ｏ,ＨＦ和ＨＣｌ。从这些产物推广其可能的光解机理。     

脉冲活化一次全部治理CO_2、SO_2NO_x和烟尘研究（Ⅰ）─—分解SO_2

超高压脉冲活化一次全部分解ＣＯ＿２、ＳＯ＿２、ＮＯ＿ｘ及同时除掉烟尘技术。应用超高压窄脉冲使反应器内有害气体全部成为活化分子，在定向作用下分解成无害单一原子的气体分子Ｎ＿２、Ｏ＿２，单质微粒Ｃ、Ｓ；粉尘充分荷电，在超强电场作用下除掉粉尘，它成为Ｃ、Ｓ的载体。在１８０℃常压条件时，在以Ｎｉ为母体Ｂ种催化剂作用下，活化能大幅度降低，分解率为７５％～９０％。     

长光路FTIR研究HFC152a光化学反应

用长光路ＦＴＩＲ技术研究氟里昂替代物ＨＦＣ１５２ａ（ＣＨ３ＣＨＦ２）在对流层中的化学反应，氯离子作反应的引发剂，用相对速度方法测定了ＨＦＣ１５２ａ与Ｃｌ原子反应速率常数为（２．３±０．５）×１０＾－１３ｃｍ＾３·ｍｏｌ＾－１·ｓ＾－１（２９８±Ｋ）。ＨＦＣ１５２ａ在对流层中的主要含氟光解产物为ＣＯＦ２，产率为８８％。有关反应机理进行了讨论。     

新型复合金属氧化物催化剂用于汽车尾气NOx净化的实验研究

采用固定床反应装置,模拟汽车尾气,研究新型复合金属氧化催化剂ＷＣＸ－Ｉ（Ｒｅ－Ｎｉ－Ｃｏ－Ｃｕ－Ｏｘ／Ｆｅ２Ｏ３）对ＣＯ还原ＮＯ反应和ＣＨ４还原ＮＯ反应的催化活性,催化剂的抗ＳＯ２中毒性能,抗积炭性能．结果表明ＷＣＸ－Ｉ催化剂对ＮＯ／ＣＯ和ＮＯ／ＣＨ４反应均具有较好的高温活性．在本研究实验条件下,４００℃以上时ＣＯ对ＮＯ的稳定还原率在９３％以上,６００℃以上时ＣＨ４对ＮＯ的稳定还原率在９２％以上．在１０００ｍｌ／ｍ３ＳＯ２－Ｎ２的高硫气氛中强制中毒及在１．０％ＣＯ－１０％ＣＯ２－Ｎ２的缺氧气氛中强制积炭若干小时后的催化剂试样对ＮＯ／ＣＯ反应的催化活性几乎未见降低     

N2O直接分解催化剂的研究进展

本文详细综述了用于Ｎ２Ｏ直接分解催化剂的研究进展情况。Ｎ２Ｏ分解催化剂大致可以分作以下几类，即：（１）稀土氧化物及相关氧化物；（２）复合金属氧化物；（３）沸石催化剂；（４）水滑石热分解产物催化剂。前两类催化剂注重探讨催化分解Ｎ２Ｏ的机理，而后两类催化剂主要研究催化分解Ｎ２Ｏ的活性。     

二噁英污染物的处置对策和分解技术

综述了欧美国家处理二 口恶英污染物的一些实例 ,其对策主要是高浓度污染物除去、分解 ,低浓度的则复盖干净土壤 ,进而讨论了高浓度污染物中二 口恶英的七种分解技术。     

水中臭氧分解动力学研究

在磷酸盐缓冲液中研究了臭氧的自分解,根据臭氧分解机理推导出其动力学方程。由不同温度和pH值下的实验结果确定出kT,0,n以及活化能E。      

脉冲活化一次全部治理CO_2、SO_2、NO_x和烟尘研究（Ⅱ）──模拟工业治

应用超高压窄脉冲模拟治理工业烟气（常压、烟气温度１８０℃）．ＣＯ＿２、ＳＯ＿２、ＮＯ＿ｘ分解率均在８０％以上，把有害气体分解成单一原子组成的气体分子Ｏ＿２、Ｎ＿２和单质微粒Ｓ、Ｃ；同时收尘效率高达９９％．是工业上治理烟气污染的高效、低成本的新技术。     

催化分解法处理臭氧尾气的研究

以活性炭和γ -Al2 O3 为载体制备出负载锰和铜氧化物的用于臭氧尾气处理的催化剂 ,并采用固定床反应器进行分解臭氧尾气的实验研究。实验结果表明 ,活性炭负载锰和铜氧化物的催化剂的性能最好 ,1g催化剂在臭氧初始浓度为2 .5 g/m3 ,反应时间为 0 .0 36s条件下 ,其对臭氧的分解率可达 97.2 %。在相同臭氧初始浓度 ,反应时间为 0 .1s条件下 ,1g催化剂可以连续运转达 98h ,处理臭氧总量为 8.8g ,且湿度对其催化活性影响较大。     

光合细菌两段流化床处理鸡粪粪水的研究

光合细菌对高浓度有机废水具有较好的适应性和处理能力,特别是作为一个预处理工艺对后续污水处理可以产生重要的影响。鉴于光合细菌生长时间相对较长,为提高光合细菌对高浓度有机污水的处理效率,本研究利用光合细菌两段流化床反应器对鸡粪粪水进行降解。试验结果表明:经过60 d的启动运行后,反应器进入稳定状态,在进水pH值6.0,COD小于10000mg/L范围内,流化床水力停留时间(HRT)为48 h时,对废水COD去除率为88.10%,TN去除率为68.29%,NH3-N去除率为94.42%,NO3-N去除率为65.43%。     

Radiation induced decomposition of a refractory cefathiamidine intermediate

Diisopropylthiourea（DPT）, an intermediate of a widely used cephalosporin, has been found to be one of the most refractory components in cephalosporin synthesis wastewater.This compound cannot be completely removed by conventional biological processes due to its antimicrobial property. Ionizing radiation has been applied in the decomposition of refractory pollutants in recent years and has proved effective. Therefore, the decomposition of DPT by γ-irradiation was studied. The compound was irradiated at the dose of 150–2000 Gy before a change of concentration and UV absorption of the solutions was detected.Furthermore, the decomposition kinetics and radiation yield（G-value） of DPT was investigated. The results of radiation experiments on DPT-containing aqueous showed that the DPT can be effectively degraded by γ-radiation. DPT concentration decreased with increasing absorbed doses. G-values of radiolytic decomposition for DPT（20 mg/L） were 1.04 and 0.47 for absorbed doses of 150 and 2000 Gy, respectively. The initial concentration and p H of the solutions affected the degradation. As the concentration of substrate increased,the decomposition was reduced. The decrease of removal rate and radiation efficacy under alkaline condition suggested that lower p H values benefit the γ-induced degradation. UV absorption from 190 to 250 nm decreased after radiation while that from 250 to 300 nm increased, indicating the formation of by-products.     

高COD浓度污水与洁净底泥作用的实验研究

通过底泥吸附和污水有机物降解实验 ,研究了高COD浓度污水与洁净底泥的相互作用。结果表明 ,洁净底泥对高COD浓度污水中的污染物具有吸附作用 ,且在起始段此作用较明显 ,但在后期的作用就下降很多。底泥固相量的增加可显著提高水相有机污染物的吸附去除率 ;但对于不同来源的污水 ,并非按照同一比例增加 ,污水性质显著影响底泥的有机污染物吸附量。污水中的有机污染物的生物降解由于其作用缓慢 ,在开始的阶段 ,对水相有机污染物的减少远没有底泥吸附所起的作用大 ;但在后期其累计的作用将明显显现出来     

Effect of petroleum on decomposition of shrub–grass litters in soil in Northern Shaanxi of China

The impacts of petroleum contamination on the litter decomposition of shrub–grass land would directly influence nutrient cycling, and the stability and function of ecosystem. Ten common shrub and grass species from Yujiaping oil deposits were studied. Litters from these species were placed into litterbags and buried in petroleum-contaminated soil with 3 levels of contamination (slight, moderate and serious pollution with petroleum concentrations of 15, 30 and 45 g/kg, respectively). A decomposition experiment was then conducted in the lab to investigate the impacts of petroleum contamination on litter decomposition rates. Slight pollution did not inhibit the decomposition of any litters and significantly promoted the litter decomposition of Hippophae rhamnoides, Caragana korshinskii, Amorpha fruticosa, Ziziphus jujuba var. spinosa, Periploca sepium, Medicago sativa and Bothriochloa ischaemum. Moderate pollution significantly inhibited litter decomposition of M. sativa, Coronilla varia, Artemisia vestita and Trrifolium repens and significantly promoted the litter decomposition of C. korshinskii, Z. jujuba var. spinosa and P. sepium. Serious pollution significantly inhibited the litter decomposition of H. rhamnoides, A. fruticosa, B. ischaemum and A. vestita and significantly promoted the litter decomposition of Z. jujuba var. spinosa, P. sepium and M. sativa. In addition, the impacts of petroleum contamination did not exhibit a uniform increase or decrease as petroleum concentration increased. Inhibitory effects of petroleum on litter decomposition may hinder the substance cycling and result in the degradation of plant communities in contaminated areas.     

The impact of Swedish SO2 policy instruments on SO2 emissions 1990–2012

Sulphur dioxide (SO₂) emissions cause acidification and human health problems which are, despite present policy instruments, projected to remain even after 2030 in Europe. Additional instruments are needed to solve the problems, and impact analysis of already used policy instruments would contribute to the development of new effective instruments. We present a study on how much of the decoupling of SO₂ emissions from economic growth 1990–2012 that was due to SO₂ policy instruments in general and to what extent it is possible to estimate the impact of individual instruments. Focus is on Sweden, a country with problems reaching its SO₂-related environmental policy targets and with detailed data available.We applied decomposition analysis combined with an analysis of the chronological development of emission factors and mandated emission limits. Our use of official emission inventory data and publicly available data on the development of SO₂ policy instruments increase the usefulness of our results to policy makers.The results indicate that at least 26–27% (corresponding to ∼35–36 ktonne annually) of the decoupling 1990–2012 was due to SO₂ policy instruments. 4–5% (∼6–7 ktonne) of the decoupling was caused by one environmental permit decision and stricter sulphur emission limit for marine oils. Most of the total impact of SO₂ policy instruments could not be causally connected to an individual instrument, because many events and developments overlap in time.The implications of the results are that: a) SO₂ policy instruments should still be important to reduce SO₂ emissions in many countries; b) a lower boundary total emission impact of SO₂ policy instruments can be estimated, but with current knowledge and data the impacts of individual instruments are rarely possible to estimate. Research on how to increase the precision in total impact estimates of SO₂ policy instruments is needed to improve future impact analyses. More detailed emission inventory data would improve impact analysis of individual instruments.